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R&S ZVL

Command Reference

Instrument-Control Commands

Operating Manual 1303.6580.32-05

353

irrespective of the selected trace format).

<Trace_Hist_Count>

Number of sweep to be read. 1 denotes the last sweep acquired, 2

denotes the second-last and so forth.

Range [def. unit]

1 to sweep count defined via

[SENSe<Ch>:]SWEep:COUNt

[–]

*RST value

–

SCPI, Command Types

Device-specific, query only

Example (see also
Sweep History):

SWE:COUN 10

Define the number of sweeps (10) to be measured in single sweep

mode.

INIT:CONT OFF; INIT

Activate single sweep mode and start a single sweep in channel no. 1.

CALC:DATA:NSW? SDAT,5

Query the results of the 5

sweep.

CALCulate<Chn>:DATA:STIMulus?

Reads the stimulus values of the active data or memory trace.

<Chn>

Channel number used to identify the active trace.

Parameters

–

Range [def. unit]

The data is transferred in the data format defined via FORMat[:DATA]. The unit

is the default unit of the sweep variable (Hz or dBm or s)

*RST value

–

SCPI, Command
Types

Device-specific, query only

Example:

See CALCulate<Chn>:DATA?

CALCulate<Chn>:DLINe...

This subsystem controls the horizontal line used to mark and retrieve response values (display line).

CALCulate<Chn>:DLINe <numeric_value>

Defines the position (response value) of the horizontal line.

<Chn>

Channel number used to identify the active trace. If unspecified the numeric suffix

is set to 1.

Parameters

See list of parameters below.

Range [def.

unit]

The data is transferred in the data format defined via FORMat[:DATA]. The unit is

the default unit of the measured parameter; see

CALCulate<Ch>:PARameter:SDEFine

Содержание ZVL series

Страница 1: ...R S ZVL Vector Network Analyzer Operating Manual 1303 6580 32 09 Test and Measurement Operating Manual ...

Страница 2: ...ock no 1303 6509K13 2015 Rohde Schwarz GmbH Co KG Mühldorfstr 15 81671 München Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R S is a registered trademark of Rohde Schwarz GmbH Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout...

Страница 3: ...se of the product The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits see data sheet documentation the following safety instructions Using the product requires technical skills and in some cases a basic knowledge of English It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained ...

Страница 4: ...ration item 7 Signal words and their meaning The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks and dangers Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury Indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided ...

Страница 5: ...safety is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death may occur 1 Prior to switching on the product always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the mains supply network If a different voltage is to be set the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly 2 In the ca...

Страница 6: ...st be fuse protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the product as well as the product itself is adequately protected from injury or damage 14 Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage such as that caused by a bolt of lightning can reach the product Otherwise the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock 15 Any object that ...

Страница 7: ...e masks and protective clothing must be worn 7 Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class Lasers can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely concentrated electromagnetic power If a laser product e g a CD DVD drive is integrated into a Rohde Schwarz product absolutely no other settings or functions m...

Страница 8: ...ackaging until they are ready to be used 4 Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted 5 If a cell develops a leak the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes If contact occurs wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid 6 Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline...

Страница 9: ...obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU Contact your Rohde Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product 3 If products or their components are mechanically and or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use hazardous substances heavy metal dust such as lead beryllium nickel may be released For this reaso...

Страница 10: ...na forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido ver hoja de datos documentación informaciones de seguridad que siguen El uso del producto hace necesarios conocimien...

Страница 11: ...inua DC Advertencia superficie caliente Corriente alterna AC Conexión a conductor de protección Corriente continua Corriente alterna DC AC Conexión a tierra El aparato está protegido en su totalidad por un aislamiento doble reforzado Conexión a masa Distintivo de la UE para baterías y acumuladores Más información en la sección Eliminación protección del medio ambiente punto 1 Aviso Cuidado en el m...

Страница 12: ...ante respecto a los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante pueden producirse choques eléctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes 1 Si n...

Страница 13: ... bien accesible Si p ej el enchufe de conexión a la red es el dispositivo de desconexión la longitud del cable de conexión no debe superar 3 m Los interruptores selectores o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica Si se integran productos sin interruptor en bastidores o instalaciones se deberá colocar el interruptor en el nivel de la instalación 5 No utilice nunca el producto s...

Страница 14: ...redundar en peligro para las personas 17 No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste como p ej al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a otro caliente La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico 18 Antes de la limpieza desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión p ej r...

Страница 15: ...N 55032 CISPR 32 Aparato de clase A Aparato adecuado para su uso en todos los entornos excepto en los residenciales y en aquellos conectados directamente a una red de distribución de baja tensión que suministra corriente a edificios residenciales Nota Los aparatos de clase A están destinados al uso en entornos industriales Estos aparatos pueden causar perturbaciones radioeléctricas en entornos res...

Страница 16: ...n ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde Schwarz correspondiente ver lista de recambios 7 Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica Las baterías o acumuladores que contienen plomo mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje 8 En caso de devolver baterías de litio a las filiales ...

Страница 17: ... producto o componente más allá del funcionamiento previsto pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas polvos con contenido de metales pesados como p ej plomo berilio o níquel Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por personal especializado con formación adecuada Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños para la salud Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la elimi...

Страница 18: ...rument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde...

Страница 19: ... and Specifications describes everything that is needed to put the instrument into operation and helps you get familiar with the analyzer The quick start guide gives an introduction to the instrument s functionality and provides procedures for typical measurement tasks For an overview and a short description of R S ZVL options refer to section Optional Extensions in the System Overview chapter at ...

Страница 20: ...ool is a collection of correction data sets cal groups that the analyzer stores in a common directory Cal groups in the pool can beapplied to different channels and setups Calibration The process of removing systematic errors from the measurement system error correction See also TOSM Calibration kit Set of physical calibration standards for a particular connector family Calibration standard Physic...

Страница 21: ...s with a sweep point so that the marker does not show interpolated measurement values E Excursion Difference between the response values at a local maximum minimum of the trace and at the two closest local minima maxima to the left and to the right F Forward A measurement on a two port DUT is said to be in forward direction if the source signal stimulus is applied to port 1 of the DUT I Isolation ...

Страница 22: ...th n different drive ports Peak Local maximum or local minimum dip on the trace In the Trace Marker Marker Search menu it is possible to define a minimum excursion that both types of peaks must have to be considered valid R Reflection tracking error Frequency dependent variation of the ratio of the reflected wave to the reference wave at a test port when an ideal reflection coefficient 1 is measur...

Страница 23: ...entire sweep range can be composed of several sweep segments T TOSM A calibration type using four known standards through open short match also called SOLT or 12 term error correction model Trace A trace is a set of data points that can be displayed together on the screen The trace settings specify the mathematical operations used to obtain traces from the collected data They complement the defini...

Страница 24: ... Operation 21 1 3 1 Unpacking the Instrument and Checking the Shipment 21 1 3 2 Instrument Setup 22 1 3 3 Bench Top Operation 22 1 3 4 Mounting in a 19 Rack 23 1 3 5 EMI Protective Measures 23 1 3 6 Power Supply Options 23 1 3 7 Connecting the Instrument to the AC Supply 24 1 3 8 Power on and off 24 1 3 9 Instrument States with AC Power Supply 24 1 3 10 Replacing Fuses 25 1 3 11 DC Power Supply an...

Страница 25: ... Printer 31 1 6 4 Connecting a Monitor 32 1 6 5 Connecting a LAN Cable 32 1 7 Remote Control in a LAN 34 1 7 1 Assigning an IP Address 34 1 7 2 Remote Desktop Connection 36 1 8 Windows XP 37 1 8 1 Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu 37 1 9 Firmware Update 38 1 9 1 Operation with and without Administrator Rights 39 ...

Страница 26: ...eral safety instructions at the beginning of this manual Chapter 2 of this manual provides an introduction to the operation of the analyzer by means of typical configuration and measurement examples for a description of the operating concept and an overview of the instrument s capabilities refer to Chapter 3 For all reference information concerning manual and remote control of the instrument refer...

Страница 27: ...een Saver 1 1 2 Setup Keys The front panel keys to the left of the display provide utility functions assistance and alternative measurement modes Some of the keys are related to the spectrum analyzer mode with option R S ZVL K1 irrespective of the active mode C PRESET performs a general factory preset or user preset depending on the Preset Scope selected in the System Configuration menu C FILE pro...

Страница 28: ...1 is active the keys have a similar function The network analyzer keys SCALE FORMAT and CAL have no direct equivalent in spectrum analysis they are replaced by the AMPT TRIG and RUN keys respectively C CENTER or SPAN define the center frequency and the width of the sweep range C SCALE defines how the current trace is presented in the diagram If the spectrum analyzer option R S ZVL K1 is active the...

Страница 29: ...s e g buttons numerical or text input fields radio buttons checkmarks combo boxes etc in a dialog C All links in a Help topic not possible with the rotary knob The Cursor Up and Cursor Down keys are used to C Scroll up and down in lists e g in pull down lists among menu items in a list of keywords in the Help table of contents or in the Help topic text C Increase and decrease numeric input values ...

Страница 30: ...n character input fields see section Data Entry in chapter 2 The function of the and keys depends on the data type of the active input field C In numeric input fields the keys enter the decimal point and change the sign of the entered numeric value Multiple decimal points are not allowed pressing for a second time cancels the effect of the first entry C In character input fields the keys enter a d...

Страница 31: ...numeric value is selected BACK deletes the whole entry 1 1 6 Rotary Knob The rotary knob can be turned in both directions or pressed Turning the rotary knob is equivalent to the action of the cursor up and down keys Turn the knob in order to C Increase or decrease numerical values C Scroll within lists C Switch to the previous or next dialog element C Pressing the rotary knob is equivalent to the ...

Страница 32: ...1 is active test port PORT 2 serves as an AC coupled input for the analyzed RF signal PORT 1 is not used Input levels The maximum input levels at all test ports according to the front panel labeling or the data sheet must not be exceeded In addition the maximum input voltages of the other input connectors at the front and rear panel must not be exceeded 1 1 9 USB Connectors Two single Universal Se...

Страница 33: ...assive connecting USB cables should not exceed 4 m in length Use the original USB connecting cable or another high quality cable The maximum current per USB port is 500 mA 1 1 10 PROBE POWER Connector for supply voltages of 15 V to 12 V and ground for active probes and preamplifiers A maximum current of 140 mA is available This connector is suitable as power supply for high impedance probes from A...

Страница 34: ...ng rear connectors are described in detail in the annex Hardware Interfaces in the online help system C EXT TRIGGER GATE IN is an input for external TTL trigger signals C EXT REF serves as an input for an external 10 MHz reference signal The following connectors require additional hardware options see rear panel labeling C POWER SENSOR is used for connecting power sensors of the R S NRP Zxy family...

Страница 35: ...uide 1303 6538 62 06 20 Input levels AUX PORT The maximum input levels and voltages of the input connectors at the front and rear panel must not be exceeded When using the AUX PORT watch the pin assignment carefully A short circuit may damage the instrument ...

Страница 36: ...nstrument and Checking the Shipment The instrument is shipped together with its mandatory accessories in a cardboard box In order to unpack its contents proceed as follows 1 Open the cardboard box 2 Remove the accessories packed into the box and take the instrument out of the packaging 3 Check the shipment against the list of accessories to ensure that all items are included 4 Remove the two prote...

Страница 37: ...g the rear panel perforations must be unobstructed The distance to the wall should be at least 10 cm Electrostatic discharge To avoid damage of electronic components of the DUT and the analyzer the operating site must be protected against electrostatic discharge ESD ESD is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the analyzer s test ports To prevent ESD damage u...

Страница 38: ...g 1 3 5 EMI Protective Measures In order to avoid electromagnetic interference the instrument may only be operated when it is closed and with all shielding covers fitted Only appropriate shielded signal and control cables may be used 1 3 6 Power Supply Options The R S ZVL is equipped with an AC power supply connector In order to use the analyzer independently from an AC power supply it can be fitt...

Страница 39: ...ork analyzer to the AC power source using the AC power cable delivered with the instrument Since the instrument is assembled in line with the specifications for safety class EN61010 it may only be connected to an outlet that has a ground contact The power consumption of the analyzer depends on the installed options see Specifications 1 3 8 Power on and off The mains connector is located at the bot...

Страница 40: ...that all modules are power supplied After performing its startup procedure the analyzer is ready for operation The SETUP More Shutdown Off Standby softkey determines the behavior of the power on off key C In the default setting Shutdown Off the standby state is blocked The power on off key switches the R S ZVL from ready to off state Use this instrument configuration if you want to avoid any power...

Страница 41: ...Options With DC power or battery supply the AC power switch on the rear panel is disabled The power on off key on the front panel is used to switch the analyzer on or off irrespective of the SETUP More Shutdown Off Standby setting C While the R S ZVL is switched off press the power on off key to initiate the startup procedure until the R S ZVL enters its ready state The left green LED is on C Whil...

Страница 42: ...onger time it is recommended to remove it and store it separately 1 3 12 Charging the Battery The battery can be charged via the AC or the DC power supply without being removed C To charge the battery using the AC power supply connect the instrument to the mains supply and switch on the AC power on the rear panel The power on off key on the front panel can be set either way C To charge the battery...

Страница 43: ...ning agents such as solvents thinners acetone etc acids bases or other substances The address of our support center and a list of useful contact addresses can be found on the Contact page 1 4 1 Storing and Packing The network analyzer can be stored at the temperature range quoted in the data sheet When it is stored for a longer period of time the instrument should be protected against dust The ori...

Страница 44: ... or off state depending on the SETUP More Shutdown Off Standby settings Refer to section Instrument States with AC Power Supply From the standby state you can set the AC power switch to position 0 Off to turn the analyzer completely off C With DC power supply or battery press the power on off key to switch the analyzer off Power on off key OCXO Do not press the power on off key longer than 3 secon...

Страница 45: ...analyzer from an external PC 1 6 1 Connecting a Mouse A USB mouse can be connected to one of the Universal Serial Bus connectors on the front panel The mouse is detected automatically when it is connected It is safe to connect or disconnect the mouse during the measurement Mouse configuration Use the Start Control Panel Mouse menu of Windows XP to configure the mouse properties To access Windows X...

Страница 46: ...driver is installed If required printer driver installation is initiated using Windows XP s Add Printer Wizard The wizard is self explanatory A printer driver needs to be installed only once even though the printer may be temporarily removed from the analyzer Printer driver installation A great variety of printer drivers is available on the analyzer To obtain the complete list access Windows XP pr...

Страница 47: ...rom the external monitor With an additional mouse or keyboard connected to the analyzer you can control the measurement from the external monitor If desired press SETUP General Setup More Soft Frontpanel to add the soft frontpanel front panel key emulation to the analyzer screen 1 6 5 Connecting a LAN Cable A LAN cable can be connected to the LAN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer To esta...

Страница 48: ...zer and a single computer made with a cross over RJ 45 network cable The computer must be equipped with a network adapter and is directly connected to the analyzer The use of hubs switches or gateways is not needed however data transfer is still made using the TCP IP protocol The IP address information is displayed in the Info Setup Info dialog ...

Страница 49: ...sing Windows XP s Start Menu on p 37 2 Open Windows XP s control panel 3 Select System and open the Remote tab in the System Properties dialog Enable Allow users to connect remotely to this computer 4 Assign an IP address to the analyzer following the directions below and connect the analyzer to the network as described in Connecting a LAN Cable 5 Create a Remote Desktop Connection using the analy...

Страница 50: ...entire network Manual TCP IP configuration To disable dynamic TCP IP configuration and enter the TCP IP address information manually proceed as follows 1 Obtain the IP address and subnet mask for the analyzer and the IP address for the local default gateway from your network administrator If needed also obtain the name of your DNS domain and the IP addresses of the DNS and WINS servers on your net...

Страница 51: ...is running the analyzer screen contents are displayed on the remote computer and Remote Desktop provides access to all of the applications files and network resources of the analyzer To set up a Remote Desktop connection 1 Connect the analyzer to a LAN and determine its IP address see Remote Control in a LAN 2 Set up your remote computer integrated in the LAN to use Remote Desktop and create the R...

Страница 52: ...ument must be executed The Start menu of the operating system is accessed as described below All necessary settings can be accessed from the Start menu in particular from the Control Panel 1 8 1 Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu The Windows XP Start menu provides access to the Windows XP functionality and installed programs From the Start menu you can navigate to the submenus by using the mouse or...

Страница 53: ...TUP More Firmware Update and open the Firmware Update dialog box 2 Enter the update path of your firmware depending on the installation medium that you use You can also Browse the update path in the dialog 3 Click Execute to start the installation The installation program will guide you through the installation If installation fails use the Instrument_Update_Tool as described below Setup files can...

Страница 54: ...ames and passwords are pre defined Description User name Pasword Default account with administrator rights Instrument 894129 Account without administrator rights NormalUser 894129 De activating auto login After being turned off the R S ZVB will return to the Instrument account without prompting for a password To de activate the automatic login mechanism 1 Access the Start menu and select Run 2 In ...

Страница 55: ...S ZVL Preparing for Use Firmware Update Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 40 LXI The LXI functionality including the home page is unavailable while the instrument is operated without administrator rights ...

Страница 56: ...43 2 1 1 Instrument Setup for Reflection Measurements 43 2 1 2 Parameter and Sweep Range Selection 44 2 1 3 Instrument Calibration 45 2 1 4 Evaluation of Data 47 2 1 5 Saving and Printing Data 48 2 2 Transmission Measurements 49 2 3 Basic Tasks 50 2 3 1 Control via Front Panel Keys 50 2 3 2 Data Entry 52 2 3 3 Scaling Diagrams 54 ...

Страница 57: ......

Страница 58: ...on Refer to sections Using Front Panel Keys and Data Entry to learn how to access instrument functions and control dialogs without a mouse and keyboard 2 1 Reflection Measurements In a reflection measurement the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the input port of the device under test DUT and measures the reflected wave A number of trace formats allow you to express and display the results d...

Страница 59: ...parameter To obtain information about the reflection characteristics of your DUT you have to select an appropriate measurement parameter and specify the sweep range 1 Press the CENTER function key to the right of the display to open the associated numeric entry bar Center Frequency Enter the center of your desired frequency range in e g 5 25 GHz If you use the data keys at the front panel for data...

Страница 60: ... the types of calibration standards available In the following we assume that the calibration kit ZV Z21 contains an appropriate male short standard with known physical properties With a single short standard it is possible to perform a normalization compensating for a frequency dependent attenuation and phase shift in the signal path Due to the analyzer s calibration wizard calibration is a strai...

Страница 61: ...data of your calibration kit you can use the typical data as shown above Typical data provide an approximate description of a calibration kit mode To import the actual accurate data of your kit press Import Kit and select the appropriate cal kit file The next dialog of the calibration wizard shows that only a single calibration standard needs to be measured 5 Click the box Short m to initiate the ...

Страница 62: ...ve and the impedance of your DUT 1 Press the MKR function key This places Marker 1 to its default position center of the sweep range A marker symbol triangle appears on the trace The stimulus value frequency and response value magnitude of the reflection coefficient converted to a dB value at the marker position is displayed in the marker info field in the upper right corner of the diagram 2 Press...

Страница 63: ...se it in a later session or in an external application Data transfer is made easier if external accessories are connected to the analyzer or if the instrument is integrated into a LAN Refer to sections External Accessories and Remote Control in a LAN in Chapter 1 to obtain information about the necessary steps 1 Press TRACE and activate More 1 3 Import Export Data Export Data 2 In the Export Compl...

Страница 64: ...section Starting the Analyzer Shutdown to shut down your analyzer 2 2 Transmission Measurements A transmission measurement involves the same steps as a reflection measurement Note the following differences J The test setup for transmission measurements involves two DUT and analyzer ports You can connect the input of your DUT to port 1 of the analyzer the output to port 2 After a preset the analyze...

Страница 65: ...mand 1 Press the MENU key to the left of the display to access the menu bar and open the Nwa File menu 2 Use the keys in the NAVIGATION keypad or the rotary knob to navigate between and within the menus J Use the Cursor Left and Cursor Right keys to change between the different menus in the menu bar When the first option in a pull down menu is a submenu the submenu will be opened first before proc...

Страница 66: ...alog the menu bar is deactivated and the cursor returns to the diagram softkey area To Make a Selection in a Dialog 1 Press a softkey or a menu item followed by three dots to open a dialog 2 Use the navigation keys and or the rotary knob to access the controls in the dialog J Press Left Field or Right Field or the cursor keys to switch between the control elements in a dialog J Press the cursor ke...

Страница 67: ...ng Front Panel Keys If no mouse and no external keyboard is connected to the analyzer you can use the data entry keys to enter numbers and units To enter a numeric value 1 Place the cursor into a numeric data input field in a dialog or in the numeric entry bar 2 Press the data entry keys J Use 0 to 9 enter the corresponding numbers J Use and to enter a decimal point or change the sign of the value...

Страница 68: ...herwise use an external keyboard or a mouse and Windows XP s on screen keyboard Using the Analyzer s On Screen Keyboard The on screen keyboard allows you to enter characters in particular letters without an external keyboard It is available for all character input fields which have a symbol Operation with front panel keys 1 Place the cursor into a character data input field in a dialog or in the n...

Страница 69: ... the diagram area To change the sweep range use one of the following methods J Press the CENTER or SPAN function keys on the front panel J Right click the start or stop value in the channel list and select Start Stop Center Span from the context menu J Select Start Stop Center Span from the Channel Center or Channel Span menus J Use the marker functions MARKER function key Reference Value and Posi...

Страница 70: ...ith diagram can be changed with a single linear parameter the Ref Value The reference value defines the radius of the outer circumference J Increasing the Reference Value scales down the polar diagram J Decreasing the Reference Value magnifies the polar diagram The Reference Value is indicated in the scale section of the trace list To change the Reference Value use one of the following methods J P...

Страница 71: ...e marker to the desired start value of the sweep range 4 Set the value of the delta marker equal to the desired positive or negative span 5 Activate the delta marker and click Trace Marker Span Marker To move the trace relative to the vertical axis proceed as follows 1 Create a normal marker e g the marker Mkr 1 and place it to a particular trace point E g you can use the marker Search functions t...

Страница 72: ... to enlarge the active diagram area to occupy the whole window A double click on any point in the diagram area is equivalent to the Maximize function J The Title the Softkey Labels the Status Bar and the Front Panel Keys are optional display elements which you can hide in order to gain space for the diagram J Use the context menu of the diagram area or the Nwa Setup Display menu to access the scal...

Страница 73: ......

Страница 74: ...key Bar 68 3 1 4 4 Front Panel Key Bar 69 3 1 4 5 Status Bar 70 3 1 5 Display Elements in the Diagram Area 70 3 1 5 1 Title 71 3 1 5 2 Traces 71 3 1 5 3 Trace Types 72 3 1 5 4 Trace List and Trace Settings 73 3 1 5 5 Markers 74 3 1 5 6 Marker Info Field 75 3 1 5 7 Channel Settings 76 3 1 5 8 Context Menus 77 3 1 6 Dialogs 77 3 1 6 1 Immediate vs Confirmed Settings 78 3 1 6 2 On Screen Keyboard 78 ...

Страница 75: ...95 3 3 2 3 One Path Two Port Calibration 96 3 3 2 4 TOSM Calibration 96 3 3 3 Automatic Calibration Introduction 97 3 4 Optional R S ZVL Extensions 98 3 4 1 Distance to Fault R S ZVL K2 100 3 4 2 Time Domain R S ZVL K3 100 3 4 3 Spectrum Analysis R S ZVL K1 100 3 4 4 TV Trigger R S FSL B6 101 3 4 5 Gated Sweep R S FSL B8 101 3 4 6 AM FM M Measurement Demodulator R S FSL K7 101 3 4 7 Bluetooth Meas...

Страница 76: ...er interface GUI Reference in the online help system 3 1 Basic Concepts The analyzer provides a variety of functions to perform a particular measurement and to customize and optimize the evaluation of results To ensure that the instrument resources are easily accessible and that user defined configurations can be conveniently implemented stored and reused the instrument uses a hierarchy of structu...

Страница 77: ...up file contains the following information E General settings related to the setup E The trace settings for all traces in the diagram areas E The channel settings for all channels associated to the traces E The display settings for each diagram area The Nwa File menu is used to organize setups Demo setups In the System External Tools submenu you can find demo setups vbs for various measurement sce...

Страница 78: ... 1 Trace Settings The trace settings specify the mathematical operations used in order to obtain traces from the measured or stored data They can be divided into several main groups E Selection of the measured quantity S parameters impedances E Conversion into the appropriate display format and selection of the diagram type E Scaling of the diagram and selection of the traces associated to the sam...

Страница 79: ...all channel settings Sweep initialization After changing the channel settings or selecting another measured quantity the analyzer needs some time to initialize the new sweep This preparation period increases with the number of points and the number of partial measurements involved It is visualized by a Preparing Sweep symbol in the status bar All analyzer settings can still be changed during sweep...

Страница 80: ...MEM TRACE 1 S Parameters Data Access Points 1 2 Import Export Data 3 Apply cal pool data copy to cal pool MEM TRACE 2 Channel data flow for all traces of the channel Trace data flow for individual traces 1 SYSTEM ERROR CORR SYSTEM ERROR CORR DATA 3 OFFSET COMPLEX CONVERS 2 MATH ...

Страница 81: ...ments and contains the diagram areas for the results There are several alternative ways to access an instrument function E Using the menus and submenus of the menu bar provides all settings E Using the softkeys of the softkey bar alternative to the previous method E Using the hardkey bar preselection of the most important menus E Refer to section Display Elements to obtain information about the re...

Страница 82: ...standard Windows functions to create save or recall setups and to shut down the application E The Trace menu provides all trace settings and the functions to create select modify and store different traces In addition the menu provides the marker search and limit check functions E The Channel menu provides all channel settings and the functions to create select modify and store different channels ...

Страница 83: ...ple Marker 1 opens an input field to enter the frequency of marker 1 E A menu command with no arrow or dots directly initiates an action Example Delta Mode converts the active marker to a delta marker E A dot preceding the menu command indicates the current selection in a list of alternative settings Example In the figure above the default format is selected as marker format 3 1 4 3 Softkey Bar Th...

Страница 84: ... the right of the display activates the higher level menu This works in all menus except the top level one listing the main menus in the menu bar The softkey bar is automatically updated when the active menu is changed Hiding display elements You can hide the softkey bar and gain screen space for the diagram areas if you use a mouse to control the analyzer see Setup Display Config All settings are...

Страница 85: ...a The central part of the screen is occupied by one or several diagram areas Diagram Areas A diagram area is a rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces Diagram areas are arranged in windows they are independent of trace and channel settings A diagram area can contain a practically unlimited number of traces assigned to different channels overlay mode Diagram areas are controlled an...

Страница 86: ...rea numbers in the upper right corner Use the context menu or the functions in the Display menu to display hide or change the title and to add and customize diagram areas 3 1 5 2 Traces A trace is a set of data points displayed together in the diagram area The individual data points are connected so that each trace forms a continuous line The trace can be complemented by the following display elem...

Страница 87: ...nt measurement result in a diagram area but is also capable of storing traces to the memory recalling stored traces and defining mathematical relations between different traces There are three basic trace types E Data traces show the current measurement data and are continuously updated as the measurement goes on Data traces are dynamic traces E Memory traces are generated by storing the data trac...

Страница 88: ...iagram area below the trace list E Format shows how the measured data is presented in the graphical display trace format E Scale shows the value of the vertical or radial diagram divisions Scale Div and the Reference Value E Channel shows the channel that each trace is assigned to The channel section is omitted if the all traces in the diagram area are assigned to the same channel E Type shows Inv...

Страница 89: ...ent point on the trace Up to 10 different normal markers can be assigned to a trace E A reference marker Ref defines the reference value for all delta markers E A delta marker indicates the coordinates relative to the reference marker E The stimulus value of a discrete marker always coincides with a sweep point so that the marker does not show interpolated measurement values The markers 1 to 4 are...

Страница 90: ...hods E Double click the info field to open the Marker Properties dialog with extended settings for all markers of the active trace Select the options in the Show Info panel to customize the information in the info field Active Trace Only Stimulus Info Off E Right click the info field to open a context menu providing frequently used marker settings E To change the position of the marker info field ...

Страница 91: ... the Channel Manager from the context menu to change the channel name E Start value of the sweep indicates the lowest value of the sweep variable e g the lowest frequency measured corresponding to the left edge of the Cartesian diagram E Color legend shows the display color of all traces assigned to the channel The colors are different so the number of colors is equal to the numbers of traces assi...

Страница 92: ...th using the right mouse button Except from some particular screen configurations anything you can do from a context menu you can also do from the menu bar using front panel keys and softkeys Use whatever method is most convenient for you 3 1 6 Dialogs Dialogs provide groups of related settings and allow to make selections and enter data in an organized way All softkeys with three dots behind thei...

Страница 93: ...eous input before it takes effect The settings in such dialogs must be confirmed explicitly The two types of dialogs are easy to distinguish E Dialogs with immediate settings provide a Close button but no OK button Example Step Size dialog E Dialogs with confirmed settings provide both an OK button and a Cancel button Example On screen keyboard You can also cancel an immediate setting using Setup ...

Страница 94: ...he marker values can be selected as a numeric entry If the physical unit of the selected marker value is inconsistent mismatch of stimulus and response values then the numeric value is used without the unit The response values in the paste marker list are not updated as the analyzer continues measuring so they may differ from the values in the marker info field To open the paste marker list you ca...

Страница 95: ...ike polar diagrams but with grid lines of constant real and imaginary part of the admittance Trace formats and measured quantities The analyzer allows arbitrary combinations of display formats and measured quantities Trace Meas Nevertheless in order to extract useful information from the data it is important to select a display format which is appropriate to the analysis of a particular measured q...

Страница 96: ...n diagrams are calculated from the complex measurement values z x jy where x y z are functions of the sweep variable The formulas also hold for real results which are treated as complex values with zero imaginary part y 0 Trace Format Description Formula dB Mag Magnitude of z in dB z sqrt x2 y2 dB Mag z 20 log z dB Lin Mag Magnitude of z unconverted z sqrt x2 y2 Phase Phase of z z arctan y x Real ...

Страница 97: ...es with the same magnitude are located on circles E The phase of the response values is given by the angle from the positive horizontal axis Values with the same phase on straight lines originating at the center The following example shows a polar diagram with a marker used to display a pair of stimulus and response values Example Reflection coefficients in polar diagrams If the measured quantity ...

Страница 98: ...e same reactance produce arcs The following example shows a Smith chart with a marker used to display the stimulus value the complex impedance Z R j X and the equivalent inductance L see marker format description in the help system Polar diagram types A comparison of the Smith chart the inverted Smith chart and the polar diagram reveals many similarities between the two representations In fact the...

Страница 99: ... coefficient e g S11 S22 then the unit Smith chart can be used to read the normalized impedance of the DUT The coordinates in the normalized impedance plane and in the reflection coefficient plane are related as follows see also definition of matched circuit converted impedances Z Z0 1 1 From this equation it is easy to relate the real and imaginary components of the complex resistance to the real...

Страница 100: ...ntrast to the polar diagram the scaling of the diagram is not linear The grid lines correspond to points of constant conductance and susceptance E Points with the same conductance are located on circles E Points with the same susceptance produce arcs The following example shows an inverted Smith chart with a marker used to display the stimulus value the complex admittance Y G j B and the equivalen...

Страница 101: ... If the measured quantity is a complex reflection coefficient e g S11 S22 then the unit inverted Smith chart can be used to read the normalized admittance of the DUT The coordinates in the normalized admittance plane and in the reflection coefficient plane are related as follows see also definition of matched circuit converted admittances Y Y0 1 1 From this equation it is easy to relate the real a...

Страница 102: ...k E All formats are suitable for the analysis of reflection coefficients Sii The formats SWR Smith and Inverted Smith lose their original meaning standing wave ratio normalized impedance or admittance if they are used for transmission S parameters E The complex Impedances and Admittances are generally displayed in one of the Cartesian diagrams with linear vertical axis scale or in a polar diagram ...

Страница 103: ...s S parameters Complex quantities with dimensions impedances admittances Real quantities Stability Factors Inverted Smith reflection coefficients Sii SWR reflection coefficients Sii Group Delay transmission coefficients Sij The default formats are activated automatically when the measured quantity is changed ...

Страница 104: ...urce and load ports are not ideally matched part of the transmitted waves are reflected off the receiver ports so that an additional a2 contribution occurs in forward measurements an a1 contribution occurs in reverse measurements The scattering matrix links the incident waves a1 a2 to the outgoing waves b1 b2 according to the following linear equation 2 1 22 21 12 11 2 1 a a S S S S b b The equati...

Страница 105: ... power at the output 10 log S11 2 20 log S11 Reflection loss at the input 10 log S22 2 Reflection loss at the output 10 log S21 2 Insertion loss at the input 10 log S12 2 Insertion loss at the output 3 2 2 Impedance Parameters An impedance is the complex ratio between a voltage and a current The analyzer provides converted impedances each impedance parameter is obtained from a single S parameter T...

Страница 106: ...ce is the complex ratio between a current and a voltage The analyzer provides converted admittances each admittance parameter is obtained from a single S parameter The converted admittance parameters describe the input admittances of a DUT with fully matched outputs The converted admittances are the inverse of the converted impedances The analyzer converts a single measured S parameter to determin...

Страница 107: ...calculated according to 99 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 j i j i Z Z Z S Z Z S Y ij j i ij j i ij ij Example Y11 is the input admittance of a 2 port DUT that is terminated at its output with the reference impedance Z0 matched circuit admittance measured in a forward reflection measurement You can also read the converted admittances in a reflection coefficient measurement from the inverted Smith chart ...

Страница 108: ...hannel The analyzer provides a wide range of sophisticated calibration methods for all types of measurements Which calibration method is selected depends on the expected system errors the accuracy requirements of the measurement on the test setup and on the types of calibration standards available Due to the analyzer s calibration wizard calibration is a straightforward menu guided process Moreove...

Страница 109: ...is not possible to change or delete the kits E Imported and user defined kits can be changed in the Calibration Kits dialog and its various sub dialogs Calibration kits and connector types are global resources the parameters are stored independently and are available irrespective of the current setup 3 3 2 Calibration Types The analyzer provides a wide range of calibration types for one two or mor...

Страница 110: ...alibrated S parameter E One port reflection S parameters S11 S22 are calibrated with an open or a short standard providing the reflection tracking error term E Two port transmission S parameters S12 S21 are calibrated with a through standard providing the transmission tracking error term Normalization means that the measured S parameter at each sweep point is divided by the corresponding S paramet...

Страница 111: ...cially at the load port 3 3 2 4 TOSM Calibration A TOSM Through Open Short Match calibration requires the same standards as the one path two port calibration however all measurements are performed in the forward and reverse direction TOSM is also referred to as SOLT Short Open Load Match Through calibration The four standards are used to derive 6 error terms for each signal direction E In addition...

Страница 112: ...ms and apply the calibration without any further input Advantages of automatic calibration E Automatic calibration is generally faster and more secure than manual calibration because E There is no need to connect several standards manually E Invalid calibrations due to operator errors e g wrong standards or improper connections are almost excluded E No need to handle calibration kit data E The int...

Страница 113: ...ement mode can be active at a given time The basic instrument modes are Network Analyzer NWA no option required and Spectrum Analyzer SAN with option R S ZVL K1 The SAN mode provides a number of supplementary measurement modes e g WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis mode with option R S FSL K93 The supplementary SAN modes also require option R S ZVL K1 E Additional measurements The option extends a particul...

Страница 114: ...configured power measurements For operation see the R S ZVL K1 Software Manual FSL B6 TV Trigger SAN option TV trigger especially for service in the analog TV field FSK B8 Gated Sweep SAN option Gated sweep especially for the modulation spectrum of GSM signals or bursted WLAN signals FSL K7 AM FM M Measurement Demodulator SAN option Analog modulation analysis for amplitude frequency or phase modul...

Страница 115: ...s a function of the frequency The measurement results can be filtered and mathematically transformed in order to obtain the time domain representation which often gives a clearer insight into the characteristics of the DUT Time domain transforms can be calculated in band pass or low pass mode For the latter the analyzer offers the impulse and step response as two alternative transformation types A...

Страница 116: ... on Bluetooth transmitters All measurements are carried out in line with the Bluetooth RF test specification Rev 2 0 DER and cover basic rate as well as Enhanced Data Rate EDR packets 3 4 8 Spectrogram Measurements R S FSL K14 Option FSL K14 adds a spectrogram display and trace recording to the ZVL The spectrogram view gives a history of the spectrum and helps to analyze intermittent problems or v...

Страница 117: ...annel power adjacent channel power and spectrum emission mask 3 4 11 WLAN OFDM Analysis R S FSL K91 Option R S FSL K91 provides transmitter TX tests especially spectrum and modulation measurements on signals in line with the WLAN standards IEEE 802 11a b g j 3 4 12 WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis R S FSL K93 Option R S FSL K93 provides transmitter TX tests especially spectrum and modulation measurements...

Страница 118: ...xamples 104 Basic Measurement Tasks 104 Display Configuration 104 Screen Control 105 Data Transfer 105 Setting up a Sweep 106 Optimization 108 Optimizing the Measurement Speed 108 Calibrating a Measurement Channel 109 Advanced Tasks 110 Time Domain Measurements 110 Distance to Fault Measurements 110 Network De embedding 112 ...

Страница 119: ...ne User Color Scheme dialog Select a display element from the Element drop down list Click the Color field to open a standard Color dialog and assign the color You can repeat the last 2 steps for as many elements as you like For traces you can also select a Trace Style and Trace Width Your settings apply to all setups they are permanent even after you close the network analyzer application If you ...

Страница 120: ...ake sure that the window is not maximized Click the icon in the title bar to open the setup control menu Click Size After the pointer changes to the four headed arrow Press one of the direction keys left right up or down arrow key to move the pointer to the border you want to move Press a direction key to move the border Press ENTER or left click the window when it is the size you want Data Transf...

Страница 121: ...Alternatively to define a sweep range of definite width around a known center frequency e g an expected peak use Center and Span To vary the number of measurement points e g to improve the resolution of the sweep or reduce the sweep time click Channel Sweep Number of Points If the active diagram is a Cartesian diagram the x axis is linearly scaled and labeled with the Start and Stop frequencies To...

Страница 122: ... as described in Define Segments to customize your sweep range Make sure to define at least 2 distinct sweep frequencies Use the controls in the Individual Settings panel to define the internal generator power measurement IF bandwidth and other measurement settings for each sweep segment Close the Define Segments dialog Click Sweep Type Segmented Frequency If the active diagram is a Cartesian diag...

Страница 123: ...on different subranges of the sweep using optimized channel settings for each subrange Set up a segmented frequency sweep as described in Segmented Frequency Optimize the number of points and the noise reduction settings for each individual sweep segment The sweep time increases with the Frequency Step Size To find the appropriate noise reduction settings Use the fastest IF filter that will produc...

Страница 124: ...or this standard Repeat the last step for a short and a match connected to port 1 an open short and match connected to port 2 and for a through between both ports Click Apply to start the calculation of the system error correction data apply them to the current channel and close the calibration wizard Replace the last measured standard with your DUT and perform calibrated measurements without chan...

Страница 125: ...lick Trace Traces Time Domain Transform Define Time Gate and place a time gate on the transformed trace To remove a single response use a Notch gate type To remove everything outside a specified area use a Bandpass gate type Click Trace Traces Time Domain Transform Time Gate to enable the time gate If necessary go back to the Define Time Gate dialog to correct your time gate settings Click Trace T...

Страница 126: ...of cables select your cable type RG 141A Press OK to close the dialog Adjust the Stop Distance to 3 m according to the dimensions of your cables approx twice the total length in order to view multiple reflections Observe the measurement result in the diagram area see Analysis of Distance to Fault Results If desired vary the diagram scale Trace Scale If the second cable is of different type you can...

Страница 127: ...ximum of the spike is close to 0 dB The spikes beyond Mkr 4 indicate multiple reflections E g the double spike at the position of Mkr5 corresponds to a signal that has once traveled through the first cable in both directions and twice traveled through the second line due to bouncing between open end and adapter Network De embedding The Virtual Transform menu provides the functions for network embe...

Страница 128: ...sformation network between test ports 1 and 2 of the analyzer so that the transformation network is placed between port 1 of the analyzer and the DUT Establish the necessary Channel settings port configuration sweep range and type etc and select the measured quantities Trace Measure Click Channel Cal Port Extension Deembedding to open the Deembedding dialog In the dialog select the Port connected ...

Страница 129: ......

Страница 130: ... Save Nwa As 126 Save As Dialog 126 Page Setup 127 Page Setup Dialog 127 Recent File 127 Exit Firmware 127 Trace Menu 128 Trace 128 Data Mem 129 Math Data Mem 130 Math Data Mem 130 Show Data 131 Show Mem 131 Traces 131 Trace Statistics 136 Smoothing On 139 Smoothing Aperture 139 Time Domain Transform 140 Import Export Data 150 Shift Response Value 157 Shift Stimulus Value 158 ...

Страница 131: ...arker 160 Max Marker 160 Min Marker 160 Zero Delay at Marker 160 Marker Search 161 Marker Tracking 170 Def Peak 170 Search Range 171 Marker 172 Marker 1 2 3 174 Ref Marker 174 Delta Mode 175 Ref Marker Marker 175 All Mkrs Off 175 Mkr Format 175 More Mkrs 177 Coupled Mkrs 177 Discrete Mkrs 178 Mkr Properties 178 Export Mkrs 179 Meas 179 S11 S12 S21 S22 180 S Parameter Wizard 181 ...

Страница 132: ... dB Mag 193 Phase 193 Smith 194 Polar 194 Group Delay 194 Aperture 195 SWR 196 Lin Mag 197 Real 197 Imag 197 Inv Smith 198 Unwrapped Phase 198 Scale 198 Autoscale 199 Autoscale All 200 Scale Div 200 Ref Value 200 Ref Position 200 Maximize 201 Overlay All 201 Split All 202 Lines 202 Show Limit Line 203 Limit Check On 204 Define Limit Line 204 ...

Страница 133: ...fine Ripple Test 211 Channel Menu 214 Stimulus 215 Pwr Bw 216 Power 216 Step Atten b1 Step Atten b2 217 RF Off 217 Meas Bandwidth 217 Cal 218 Start Cal 219 Repeat Prev Cal 226 Correction Off 226 Port Extensions 226 Cal Manager 235 Recall Last Cal Set 236 Automatic Calibration Procedure 237 Cal Kits 240 Sweep 251 Sweep Type 252 Number of Points 258 Frequency Step Size 258 Meas Delay 259 Restart 259...

Страница 134: ... Trace 265 Add Chan Trace Diag Area 265 Delete Channel 266 Channel Manager 266 Nwa Setup Menu 267 Display 267 Delete Diag Area 268 Dual Split 269 Triple Split 269 Quad Split 270 Split Manager 270 Title 272 Display Config 272 Color Scheme 273 Define User Color Scheme 273 Softkey Labels 275 Status Bar 275 Front Panel Keys 275 Frequency Info 275 Undo 276 Redo 276 Setup Info 276 System Config 276 ...

Страница 135: ...les 281 Save 282 Save File Recall File 282 Select Path 282 Select File 283 Edit File Name 283 Edit Comment 283 Select Items 283 Enable All Items Disable All Items 283 Delete File 283 Recall 284 Startup Recall 284 Startup Recall Setup 284 File Manager 284 Recall Shortcuts 284 Export Import 284 Hardcopy 285 File Manager 285 Edit Path 286 New Folder 286 Copy 286 Rename 286 Cut 286 Paste 287 Delete 28...

Страница 136: ...connect Network Drive 288 SETUP Key 288 Reference Int Ext 290 Firmware Update 290 Firmware Update 290 Option Licenses 290 Install Option 291 Shutdown Off Standby 291 Preset Network 291 Preset Spectrum 291 General Setup 291 Configure Network 292 Time Date 292 Meas Display 292 Monitor Int Ext 292 Soft Frontpanel 292 Open Start Menu 292 Network Address 293 Computer Name 293 IP Address 293 Subnet Mask...

Страница 137: ...ion R S FSL B10 only 300 GPIB Address 301 ID String Factory 301 ID String User 301 GPIB Language 301 Display Update On Off 301 GPIB Terminator LFEOI EOI 301 IDN Format Leg ZVL 302 I O Logging On Off 302 System Info 302 Hardware Info 302 Versions Options 302 System Messages 302 Clear All Messages 303 Service 303 Input RF Cal TG 304 Comb Frequency 304 Reset Password 304 Selftest 304 Selftest Results...

Страница 138: ...ng Manual 1303 6580 32 06 123 PRINT Key 305 Print Screen 305 Device Setup 306 Device 1 2 306 Comment 306 Install Printer 306 MODE Key 306 Control Menus 307 Restore 308 Move 308 Size 308 Minimize 308 Maximize 308 Close 308 Next 309 ...

Страница 139: ...tups and to shut down the application Setups A setup comprises a set of diagram areas with all displayed information that can be stored to a NWA setup file zvx Each setup is displayed in an independent window The File menu contains the following functions New creates a new setup and opens a new setup window Close closes an opened setup window Page Setup selects print options Save Nwa saves an open...

Страница 140: ...etup file nwa you can also use the Windows Explorer and simply double click the file or drag and drop the file into the NWA application The imported setup becomes the active setup Setups for different network analyzer models It is possible to transfer setups between different R S ZVL network analyzers even if they belong to different analyzer types To be loaded into an R S ZVL13 network analyzer a...

Страница 141: ...on for the setup file To save a document with its existing name and directory use the Save command If you store device settings file to the C R_S Instr RecallShortCut directory you can recall them using the FILE Recall Shortcuts submenu Remote control MMEMory STORe NWANalyzer 1 file_name Save As Dialog Specifies the name and location of a particular file e g a NWA setup file to save File Name spec...

Страница 142: ...File Page Setup command The radio buttons in the Print panel specify whether or not different diagram areas are printed on different pages The Logo check box specifies if the R S logo is included in the printed document Additional print settings are available via the PRINT key see section Setup Keys Recent File Is a placeholder which is replaced by a list of the last 4 setups stored in the current...

Страница 143: ...e Channel menu Each trace is assigned to a channel see Traces Channels and Diagram Areas The channel settings apply to all traces assigned to the channel No direct access via front panel keys The Trace menu contains the following functions and submenus Trace stores traces to the memory and performs mathematical operations on traces Marker defines the sweep range scales the diagram and introduces a...

Страница 144: ... smooth the trace Import Export Data stores the active trace to a file or loads a memory trace from a file Shift Response Value opens a dialog to define a user correction to the measured values Shift Stimulus Value shifts a memory trace in horizontal direction Max Hold On enables or disables the max hold peak hold function for the active trace Restart Hold restarts the max hold peak hold function ...

Страница 145: ...ea and deleted Remote control CALCulate Chn MATH MEMorize Math Data Mem Activates the mathematical mode where the active data trace is divided by the last generated memory trace The division is calculated on a point to point basis Each measurement point of the active trace is divided by the corresponding measurement point of the memory trace The result of the division is a mathematical trace and r...

Страница 146: ...iated with the active data trace Show Mem is disabled Remote control No command display configuration only Traces The Traces submenu provides functions to handle traces and diagram areas and assign traces to channels Select Trace opens a box to select an arbitrary trace of the active setup as the active trace disabled if only one trace is defined Add Trace creates a new trace in the current diagra...

Страница 147: ...aces and the active manual trace are independent of each other see Active Traces in Remote Control Select Trace Opens a box to select an arbitrary trace of the active setup as the active trace This function is disabled if only one trace is defined Remote control The numeric suffix Ch Tr appended to the first level mnemonic of a command selects a trace as active trace Add Trace Creates a new trace ...

Страница 148: ...a trace that was unintentionally deleted use Undo Remote control CALCulate Ch PARameter DELete Trace Name Assign Diag Area Assigns the active trace to another diagram area A popup window offers a list of all areas available Selecting one of the existing area numbers assigns the active trace to the existing diagram area The active trace is removed from the previous area and displayed in the new dia...

Страница 149: ...ons Add Delete opens a dialog to add a new trace or delete a trace Coupling opens a dialog to define coupling criteria channel scale for all traces in the table Sort Table opens a dialog to change the order of the traces rows in the table Columns in the Trace Manager table Name indicates the current trace name The default names for new traces are Trc n where n is a current number Current numbers i...

Страница 150: ...to create a New channel and or diagram area for the new trace Delete deletes the selected trace removing it from the list in the Trace Manager and from the screen This button is disabled if the setup contains only one trace In manual control each setup must contain at least one diagram area with one channel and one trace Remote control CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine Trace Name Meas Parameter DISPl...

Страница 151: ...qualify whether the traces in the table are sorted in ascending or descending order according to the property selected in the pull down list Remote control No command display configuration only Trace Statistics Opens a submenu to evaluate and display statistical and phase information of the entire trace or of a specific evaluation range Min Max Pk Pk displays or hides the essential statistical par...

Страница 152: ...sponse values yi measurement points Mean is the arithmetic mean value of all response values Std Deviation is the standard deviation of all response values Max and Min are the largest and the smallest of all response values yi RMS is the root mean square effective value of all response values P P is the peak to peak value and is equal to the difference Max Min The definitions given above apply to ...

Страница 153: ...ialog is assigned to a test port related to a particular quantity then the dispersion effects of the connector are taken into account for the calculation of the phase delay and the electrical length To account for the propagation in both directions the delay and the electrical length of a reflection parameter is only half the delay and the electrical length of a transmission parameter The formula ...

Страница 154: ... traces Compared to smoothing the sweep average requires a longer measurement time but does not have the drawback of averaging out quick variations of the measured values Remote control CALCulate Chn SMOothing STATe Boolean Smoothing Aperture Defines how many measurement points are averaged to smooth the trace if smoothing is switched on The Smoothing Aperture is entered as a percentage of the tot...

Страница 155: ... a time gate and transform the gated result back into the frequency domain The distance to fault measurement is a special application of a time transformation For a detailed discussion of the time domain transformation including many examples refer to the application note 1EZ44_OE which is posted on the R S internet Frequency Domain and Time Domain select frequency domain or time domain representa...

Страница 156: ...e gated FD trace All windows are rectangular however the width and position of the time gate affect the gated frequency domain trace The window type selections in the Define Transform and Define Time Gate dialogs are ignored The selected windows are used again when the TD trace is displayed Time Domain On The rectangular No Profiling Rectangle windows minimize numerical inaccuracies near the bound...

Страница 157: ...n response is an extension of the inverse Fast Fourier Transform FFT Compared to the FFT the number of sweep points is arbitrary not necessarily an integer power of 2 but the computation time is increased by approx a factor of 2 This increased computation time is usually negligible compared to the sweep times of the analyzer The following properties of the Chirp z transformation are relevant for t...

Страница 158: ... velocity factor of the receiving port defined in the Channel Offset menu Distance 1 2 Time c0 Velocity Factor The factor 1 2 accounts for the return trip from the DUT to the receiver For transmission measurements the distance is calculated as the propagation time times the velocity of light in the vacuum times the velocity factor of the receiving port defined in the Channel Offset menu Distance T...

Страница 159: ...windows and for application examples please also refer to the application note 1EZ44_OE which is posted on the R S internet The frequency domain window is used to filter the trace prior to the time domain transformation An independent Time Gate can be used after the transformation in order to eliminate unwanted responses Remote control CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME TYPE CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME...

Страница 160: ...corresponds to the response of a DUT that is stimulated with a voltage waveform that transitions from zero to unity The two alternative responses are mathematically equivalent the step response can be obtained by integrating the impulse response Integrate impulse response Obtain step response The step response is recommended for impedance measurements and for the analysis of discontinuities especi...

Страница 161: ...nt frequency points fi i 1 n with spacing Qf and the additional condition that f1 Qf In other words all frequencies fi are set to harmonics of the start frequency f1 If a harmonic grid including the DC value f 0 is mirrored to the negative frequency range the result is again an equidistant grid The point symmetry with respect to the DC value makes harmonic grids suitable for lowpass time domain tr...

Страница 162: ...red dots are obtained without any additional input The extrapolation is repeated after each sweep Remote control CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs KFSTop KDFRequency KSDFrequency CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam CONTinuous CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam EXTRapolate CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPFRequency Set Harmonic Grid In the...

Страница 163: ...y and Approximate Frequency Gap means that the stop frequency is maintained and the number of sweep points is increased until the range between fmin and the stop frequency is filled The frequency gap is approximately maintained The figures above are schematic and do not comply with the conditions placed on the number of sweep points and interpolated extrapolated values The harmonic grids can not b...

Страница 164: ...ion Gat is displayed in the trace list while the time gate is active The time gate is independent of the frequency window used to filter the trace prior to the time domain transformation In time domain representation you can use the time gate settings in order to eliminate unwanted responses in your signal After switching back to the frequency domain you will receive the frequency response of your...

Страница 165: ...h Chebychev window is selected the Arbitrary Sidelobe Level can be set below the Gate Shape diagrams Use the paste marker list for convenient entry of Start and Stop values Comparison of time gates The properties of the time gates are analogous to the properties of the frequency domain windows The following table gives an overview Window Sidelobe suppression Passband ripple Best for Steepest Edges...

Страница 166: ... selectable file format The loaded trace data is used to generate a memory trace which is coupled to the active data trace Import Data corresponds to a standard Open File dialog with an additional checkbox Import Data to New Mem qualifies whether the loaded data overwrite the active memory trace box unchecked analogous to Data Mem or whether they are used to generate a new memory trace box checked...

Страница 167: ...tual S parameter stored in the file To import a trace file snp or csv you can also use the Windows Explorer and simply double click the file or drag and drop the file into the NWA application The imported data generates a memory trace which is coupled to the active data trace Remote control MMEMory LOAD TRACe trc_name file_name Export Data Calls up a dialog to store data or memory traces to a trac...

Страница 168: ...be acquired in a frequency sweep s1p files are intended for a 1 port S parameter the reflection coefficient S11 but can be used as well to store any single S parameter Note that any S parameter will be labeled S11 in the file and in the Select Parameter box s2p files are intended for a complete set of 2 port S parameters Data export fails if the active channel does not contain the full set of 4 tr...

Страница 169: ...l Traces of the Active Channel including all data and memory traces for data export to an ASCII csv file Dec Separator selects either the Point or the Comma if needed to process the exported data with an external application as a separator for decimal numbers exported to an ASCII csv file Ask to Overwrite activates a message box to be displayed before an older trace file with the same file name an...

Страница 170: ...d Data dialogs Select Apply Custom Header to File to insert the header in the Preview section at the beginning of the generated trace file The Instrument Info Date Time and Cal Information are generated automatically The Cal Information contains the calibration for each exported trace User Notes are additional optional comments A preset does not change the custom header settings Press the Use Defa...

Страница 171: ...e or after the header line The trace data section depends on the number of ports n and the data format For real and imaginary values data format RI the trace data for each stimulus frequency is arranged as follows 1 port files s1p Freq Re S11 Im S11 S11 can be replaced by an any S parameter so the s1p format is suitable for exporting an arbitrary data trace representing an S parameter 2 port files...

Страница 172: ... of second trace HZ KHZ MHZ GHZ allowed for imported files The analyzer alway uses HZ for exported data second response value of first trace im Trace_Name for output format Re Im ang Trace_Name for output formats lin Mag Phase or dB Mag Phase The data format for export files can be selected in the Export Data dialog The trace data is arranged as described in the header Different values are separat...

Страница 173: ...e used in Cartesian as well as in polar diagrams The visible effect depends on the diagram type In Cartesian diagrams the trace is shifted relative to the markers and the x axis In polar diagrams the trace is not affected however markers change their position Use a negative offset value to reset a shifted trace to its original position Remote control DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr X OFFset numeric...

Страница 174: ... the marker value Center Marker sets the center of the sweep range equal to the marker value The following functions use the response value of the active marker to scale the y axis of the diagram Ref Value Marker sets the reference value equal to the marker value Max Marker sets the upper edge of the diagram equal to the marker value Min Marker sets the lower edge of the diagram equal to the marke...

Страница 175: ...ge of the diagram Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion STOP Center Marker Sets the center of the sweep range equal to the stimulus value of the active marker leaving the span unchanged The active marker appears in the center of the diagram Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion CENTer Ref Value Marker Sets the reference value equal to the response value of the active marker lea...

Страница 176: ...arch Range in order to find one of the following Absolute or relative local maxima and minima minimum maximum search Trace points with a specific response value target search Trace segments with a shape that is characteristic for bandpass or bandstop filters bandfilter search When the search is activated the active marker is moved to the next point that meets the search criteria If the trace conta...

Страница 177: ... Search Sets the active marker to the absolute minimum in the search range i e to the smallest of all response values If a complex trace format e g a polar diagram is active the marker is set to the measurement point with the minimum magnitude By default the search range coincides with the sweep range If the active trace contains no markers a marker Mkr 1 is created to indicate the search result R...

Страница 178: ...way from its original position Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion EXECute TARGet CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion RESult Target Search Activates the search to the right of the active marker position and sets the active marker to the defined target value The target search range is between the active marker position and the end Stop of the sweep range If the active trace contains no mar...

Страница 179: ...values for each trace and assign them to the markers no 1 to 10 The input fields in the Target Search dialog are used to select the markers and define the associated search ranges Marker selects one of the ten markers that can be assigned to the trace If a selected marker does not exist it is created as soon as On is checked A created marker is displayed in the center of the search range Value sel...

Страница 180: ...eated after each sweep Level sets the level defining the filter bandwidth Search Range confines the search to a subrange of the sweep Search Result Off hides the display of the bandfilter parameters in the diagram area Bandfilter mode can be selected for a broad range of measured quantities Trace Measure provided that the display format is dB Mag To obtain real filter parameters the measured quant...

Страница 181: ...dpass Search Ref to Marker Activates the search for a bandpass region on the active trace and activates bandfilter Tracking starting at the position of the active marker A bandpass region is the closest peak in the search range with a minimum excursion specified by means of the x dB Bandwidth parameter In contrast to a Bandpass Search the Bandpass Search Ref to Marker does not change the position ...

Страница 182: ...to select other search modes Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion BWIDth MODE BSTOP CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion EXECute BFILter Bandfilter Tracking Causes the bandfilter search to be repeated after each sweep When tracking mode is active the markers typically change their horizontal and their vertical positions as the measurement goes on Tracking for the different bandfilter search...

Страница 183: ...low the maximum level in the search range bandpass value to be considered a valid peak Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth Level Search Range Opens the Search Range Dialog to confine the bandfilter search to a subrange of the sweep It is possible to define and store up to ten different search ranges for each trace The bandfilter search is performed using the markers Mkr 1 Mkr 4 irrespect...

Страница 184: ...Culate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion DOMain USER STOP Search Result Off Hides the info field with the results of a bandpass or a bandstop search and disables bandfiter Tracking The info field is displayed again and tracking re enabled when a new bandfilter search is performed Bandfilter parameters The info field contains the following search results Bandwidth is the n dB bandwidth of the bandpass bandsto...

Страница 185: ...s is zero 0 dB for an ideal bandstop filter it is dB Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk SEARch BFILter RESult STATe Marker Tracking Causes the active minimum maximum or target search of the active marker to be repeated after each sweep When tracking mode is active the marker typically changes its horizontal and its vertical position as the measurement goes on Tra...

Страница 186: ...the values in the vicinity Local Min or Max activates the peak search for both local maxima and minima Search Range Opens the Search Range Dialog to confine the minimum maximum search to a subrange of the sweep Search Range Dialog Defines search ranges for the maximum minimum or target search It is possible to define up to ten different search ranges for each setup and assign them to the markers n...

Страница 187: ...articular two search ranges may overlap or even be identical The search is confined to the part of the search range that belongs to the sweep range The following example shows how search ranges can be used to search a trace for several local maxima Use the paste marker list for convenient entry of Start and Stop values Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion DOMain USER CALCulate Chn MARKe...

Страница 188: ...anced tasks Change the sweep range and the diagram scale Marker Funct Search for specific points on the trace Search The Marker menu contains the following functions Marker 1 2 3 creates the markers numbered 1 2 and 3 Ref Marker creates the reference marker which is used to measure relative values and distances Delta Mode activates the display of the active marker values relative to the reference ...

Страница 189: ...position of the active marker on the trace use one of the following methods Drag and drop the marker symbol to the desired position Click the Marker n or Ref Marker softkey to call up the entry bar for the new stimulus value Right click the diagram area or select Mkr Properties to call up the Marker Properties dialog and select the new stimulus value Use the Search functions to place the marker to...

Страница 190: ...ker only a new Mkr 1 is created and set to delta mode If Delta Mode is selected for a normal marker while the current trace contains no reference marker a reference marker is created Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk DELTa STATe ON Ref Marker Marker Places the reference marker to the position of the active marker As a consequence the active marker takes the role of a reference marker Ref Mark...

Страница 191: ... complex marker value z x jy is converted Marker Format Description Formula dB Mag Magnitude of z in dB z sqrt x2 y2 dB Mag z 20 log z dB Lin Mag Magnitude of z unconverted z sqrt x2 y2 Phase Phase of z X z arctan y x Real Real part of z Re z x Imag Imaginary part of z Im z y SWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio SWR 1 z 1 z Delay Group delay neg derivative of the phase response d X z d Y dB Mag and Pha...

Страница 192: ...ngs When a trace with markers is selected as the active trace and marker coupling is switched on the following happens The active trace and all associated markers are left unchanged The active trace markers become the master markers of the setup Markers on the other traces which have no corresponding master marker are removed but remember their properties and can be re activated after the coupling...

Страница 193: ...rker 1 10 that may be associated with the active trace Name defines a marker name which may exceed the length of the input box and contain letters numbers blanks and special characters Stimulus defines the stimulus value in Cartesian diagrams the x axis position of the marker Format defines the output format of the marker value The Mode panel contains check boxes to select properties that are rela...

Страница 194: ...tched off The table provides more information than the marker info field The Reduced table provides a condensed overview with less entries Remote control CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk STATe ON CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk TYPE NORMal FIXed CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk REFerence TYPE NORMal FIXed CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk DELTa STATe ON CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk MODE CONTinuous DISCrete CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk COUPled...

Страница 195: ...he output and input ports of the DUT Analogously the waves a1 and a2 are referred to as incident waves b1 and b2 to as outgoing waves The analyzer measures the waves a1 b1 at its own test ports in order to obtain S parameters ratios and other derived quantities The test ports of the analyzer are numbered so it is convenient to use them as a reference defining port number n of the DUT as the port c...

Страница 196: ...hes the internal power sources and the receivers to obtain the desired S parameters Remote control CALCulate Ch PARameter MEASure Trace_Name S11 S12 S21 S22 SENSe Chn FUNCtion ON POWer S 11 12 21 22 Create new trace and select name and measurement parameter CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine Trace_Name S11 S12 S21 S22 S Parameter Wizard The S Parameter Wizard consists of a series of dialogs providing ...

Страница 197: ...t another calibration type You don t want to use a calibration e g because the factory calibration is accurate enough for your measurement In order to obtain a predictable result the measurement wizard has to reset all settings except the current calibration data Store your setup if you don t want to lose the current configuration Distance to Fault Opens a submenu to locate faults and discontinuit...

Страница 198: ...the Frequency Step Size The larger the Number of Points the longer the maximum distance between the calibrated reference plane most conveniently PORT 2 of the analyzer and the located fault The R S ZVL can automatically determine a suitable number of sweep points Auto Number of Points Moreover it is possible to define which of the peaks will be considered as being due to a fault and to draw up and...

Страница 199: ...mulus axis shows a distance window The start and stop distance is displayed below the channel settings The cable type e g Ideal Air Line is displayed in the trace list A context menu opens the Cable Type dialog The number of points is increased if necessary See Auto Number of Points Remote control CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault STATe Start Distance Stop Distance Defines the distance range x axis ...

Страница 200: ...ue shown below the frequency interval between the measured points Frequency Step Size is small enough to ensure that all faults in the distance domain belong to the same period The required number of points depends on the frequency span fstop fstart the stop distance dstop and the velocity factor v of the transmission line see Cable Type The analyzer sets the number of points N as the nearest inte...

Страница 201: ...n a frequency range The velocity factor 1 sqrt r is a measure for the velocity of light in a dielectric with permittivity r relative to the velocity of light in the vacuum see Length offset parameters Definition This parameter is needed to convert the propagation times in the cable into distances Permittivity and velocity factor are coupled parameters Cable description files rsc The R S ZVL provid...

Страница 202: ...le The frequency dependence can be defined in two alternative ways Single reference frequency If the cable attenuation is specified at a single frequency the R S ZVL calculates the attenuation factor at the center frequency of the sweep range assuming that Attenuation fconst Attenuation fcenter sqrt fconst fcenter This frequency dependence accounts for the impact of the skin effect The impulse res...

Страница 203: ...tion COLLect ACQuire SELected MATCh 2 SENSe CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected Fault Limit Defines a minimum response value in dB for a trace maximum to be considered as being due to a fault The fault limit is defined relative to the 0 dB line in the test diagram i e the peak response value for total reflection after proper calibration The fault limit is handled like any other trace limit Defining a...

Страница 204: ...Z S22 select the forward and reverse matched circuit impedances of a 2 port DUT Z S11 Z S12 Z S21 Z S22 Selects the 2 port matched circuit converted impedances The parameters describe the impedances of a 2 port DUT obtained in forward and reverse transmission and reflection measurements Z11 is the input impedance of a 2 port DUT that is terminated at its output with the reference impedance Z0 matc...

Страница 205: ...reference impedance Z0 Y S11 Y S12 Y S21 Y S22 select the forward or reverse matched circuit admittances of a 2 port DUT Y S11 Y S12 Y S21 Y S22 Selects the 2 port converted matched circuit admittance parameters The parameters describe the admittances of a 2 port DUT obtained in forward and reverse transmission and reflection measurements Y11 is the input admittance of a 2 port DUT that is termina...

Страница 206: ...ions of the complex S parameters defined as follows where denotes the complex conjugate of S Stability factors are calculated as functions of the frequency or another stimulus parameter They provide criteria for linear stability of two ports such as amplifiers A linear circuit is said to be unconditionally stable if no combination of passive source or load can cause the circuit to oscillate The K ...

Страница 207: ...n 180 degrees and 180 degrees Smith selects a Smith diagram to display an S parameter or ratio Polar selects a polar diagram to display an S parameter or ratio Group Delay calculates the group delay from an S parameter or ratio and displays it in a Cartesian diagram Aperture sets a delay aperture for the delay calculation SWR calculates the Standing Wave Ratio from the measured reflection S parame...

Страница 208: ... gain etc Alternative Formats The magnitude of each complex quantity can be displayed on a linear scale It is possible to view the real and imaginary parts instead of the magnitude and phase Both the magnitude and phase are displayed in the polar diagram Remote control CALCulate Chn FORMat MLOGarithmic Phase Selects a Cartesian diagram with a linear vertical axis to display the phase of a complex ...

Страница 209: ...ata response values in the complex plane with a horizontal real axis and a vertical imaginary axis The magnitude of a complex value is determined by its distance from the center its phase is given by the angle from the positive horizontal axis In contrast to the Smith chart the scaling of the axes is linear Application Reflection or transmission measurements see application example The axis for th...

Страница 210: ... 1 for the vacuum Application Transmission measurements especially with the purpose of investigating deviations from linear phase response and phase distortions To obtain the delay a frequency sweep must be active The cables connecting the analyzer test ports to the DUT introduce an unwanted delay which often can be assumed to be constant Use the Zero Delay at Marker function define a numeric leng...

Страница 211: ...y than the aperture tend to be smeared over and can not be measured Remote control CALCulate Chn GDAPerture SCOunt SWR Calculates the Standing Wave Ratio SWR from the measured quantity primarily from a reflection S parameter and displays it in a Cartesian diagram Properties The SWR or Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR is a measure of the power reflected at the input of the DUT It is calculated from...

Страница 212: ...stimulus variable appears on the horizontal axis scaled linearly The real part Re C of the complex quantity C Re C j Im C appears on the vertical axis also scaled linearly Application The real part of an impedance corresponds to its resistive portion Alternative Formats It is possible to view the magnitude and phase of a complex quantity instead of the real and imaginary part The magnitude can be ...

Страница 213: ...ions can be obtained by means of the Marker Format functions Remote control CALCulate Chn FORMat ISMith Unwrapped Phase Selects a Cartesian diagram with an arbitrarily scaled linear vertical axis to display the phase of the measured quantity Properties The stimulus variable appears on the horizontal axis scaled linearly The phase of the complex quantity C i e X C arctan Im C Re C appears on the ve...

Страница 214: ...ormat because not all diagrams can be scaled in the same way In Cartesian diagrams all scale settings are available In circular diagrams no Scale Div no Ref Position and no Max and Min values can be defined The default scale is activated automatically when a display format diagram type is selected Scale settings that are not compatible with the current display format are disabled grayed Relations ...

Страница 215: ...nits for all other dimensionless formats Scale Div is not available grayed for circular diagrams Polar Smith Inverted Smith Remote control DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr Y PDIVision Ref Value Sets the reference line of a Cartesian diagram or the outer circumference of a circular diagram In Cartesian diagrams Ref Value defines the value of the reference line indicated by a symbol at the right edge ...

Страница 216: ...drop functionality to move the reference line symbol to the desired position Remote control DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr Y RPOSition Maximize Maximizes all diagram areas of the active setup to occupy the whole window placing the active diagram area on top Clicking Maximize again restores the previous display configuration A double click into any point in the diagram area is equivalent to the Max...

Страница 217: ... trace Limit Lines A limit line is a set of data to specify the allowed range for some or all points of a trace Typically limit lines are used to check whether a DUT conforms to the rated specifications conformance testing The upper limit line defines the maximum value for the trace points The lower limit line defines the minimum value for the trace points A limit check consists of comparing the m...

Страница 218: ...ons of the Lines submenu are grayed The limit lines are hidden and the limit check is disabled when a Cartesian trace format is replaced by a polar diagram Show Limit Line Shows or hides the limit line associated with the active trace in a Cartesian diagram area A checkmark appears next to the menu item when the limit line is shown In the diagram upper and lower limit lines can be displayed with d...

Страница 219: ...ned for the active trace the limit check can be switched on but will always PASS the trace Limits are checked at the actual measurement points whereas a limit failure is indicated for the trace segments on both sides of a failed point A small number of points causes wide trace segments so that the out of tolerance regions can appear wider as they are Markers show interpolated values As a consequen...

Страница 220: ...dds a new segment to the list The new segment is a copy of the previously active segment and inserted after that segment The current segment numbers are adapted The analyzer places no restriction on the number of segments in a limit line Delete Segment removes the selected segment from the list Del All Segments clears the entire segment list so it is possible to define or load a new limit line The...

Страница 221: ...o an Upper or a Lower limit line or if the limit check at the segment is switched Off Switching off the limit check does not delete the segment but changes its screen color Start Stimulus is the stimulus x axis value of the first point of the segment not necessarily smaller than Stop Stimulus Stop Stimulus is the stimulus x axis value of the last point of the segment not necessarily larger than St...

Страница 222: ...r CALCulate Chn LIMit LOWer Rules for Limit Line Definition The analyzer places very few restrictions on the definition of limit line segments The following rules ensure a maximum of flexibility Segments don t have to be sorted in ascending or descending order e g the Start Stimulus value of segment no n doesn t have to be smaller than the Start Stimulus value of segment no n 1 Overlapping segment...

Страница 223: ...the imported segments belong to the Upper or Lower limit line A third option is to import the segments but disable the limit check Off Remote control CALCulate Chn LIMit LOWer FEED stimulus_offset response_offset trace_name CALCulate Chn LIMit UPPer FEED stimulus_offset response_offset trace_name MMEMory LOAD LIMit File Format for Limit Lines The analyzer uses a simple ASCII format to export limit...

Страница 224: ...ctive trace Use the analyzer s drag and drop functionality to move the horizontal line symbol to the desired position Remote control CALCulate Chn DLINe STATe ON OFF CALCulate Chn DLINe Global Limit Check On Performs a composite limit check on all traces of the current setup The result of the global check appears in a popup box whenever Global Limit Check is pressed or PASS represents pass for all...

Страница 225: ... is replaced by a polar diagram Global Check Activates or deactivates the global limit check including upper lower limits and ripple limits The global limit check is a composite limit check over all traces of the current setup The result of the global check appears in a popup box whenever Global Limit Check is pressed or PASS represents pass for all traces with enabled limit check A trace without ...

Страница 226: ...played If no limit lines are defined for the active trace the limit check can be switched on but will always PASS the trace Remote control CALCulate Chn RIPPle STATe ON OFF CALCulate Chn RIPPle FAIL CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGment Seg STATe ON OFF CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGment Seg RESult Define Ripple Test Opens a dialog to define the ripple limits for the active trace on a range by range basis A sepa...

Страница 227: ...to load a ripple limit line from a file Ripple limit files are ASCII files with the default extension ripple and a special file format Save Ripple Limit calls up a Save As dialog to store the current ripple limit configuration to a ripple limit file Ripple limit files are ASCII files with the default extension ripple and a special file format To import a ripple limit file limit you can also use th...

Страница 228: ... of the new range are given by the start values of the first selected range and the stop value of the last selected range The first range also provides the ripple limit and the information whether the merged range is on or off The new merged range replaces the selected ranges Remote control CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGMent Seg Rules for Ripple Limit Definition The analyzer places very few restrictions...

Страница 229: ...ge list The following lines contain the entries of all editable columns of the list Example of a limit line file The ripple limit list is described by the ripple limit file Remote control MMEMory LOAD RIPPle Trc_name file_name MMEMory STORe RIPPle Trc_name file_name Channel Menu The Channel menu provides all channel settings and the functions to activate modify and store different channels Channel...

Страница 230: ...rrent channel In Cartesian diagrams the sweep range corresponds to the diagram width and defines the scaling of the x axis In polar diagrams and Smith charts the stimulus axis is lost but the marker functions easily provide the stimulus value of any measurement point Center opens the input field for the center frequency It corresponds to the center of the Cartesian diagram i e Start Stop 2 Span op...

Страница 231: ... signal source Step Atten b1 b2 sets the attenuation for the received wave b1 or b2 respectively RF Off switches the internal and external power sources on if checked or off Meas Bandwidth selects the bandwidth of the IF measurement filter Power Opens the numeric entry bar to set the power of the internal signal source channel power The channel power determines the output power at the test ports s...

Страница 232: ...uation b1 or b2 corresponds to a standard test setup with 0 dB generator attenuation and attenuation of the amplified wave received at test port 1 2 Remote control INPut Pt ATTenuation SENSe Ch POWer ATTenuation ARECeiver BRECeiver attenuation RF Off RF Off switches the internal and external power sources on if checked or off Switching off the RF power helps to prevent overheating of a connected D...

Страница 233: ...tly for each segment see Define Segments Optimizing the filter settings A high selectivity Filter Type Normal and a small filter bandwidth both suppress the noise level around the measurement frequency and thus increase the dynamic range On the other hand the time needed to acquire a single measurement point increases for small filter bandwidths and high selectivity For small bandwidths the filter...

Страница 234: ...e last calibration was performed Cal Kits opens a dialog to manage the calibration kits in use add new kits and import or export kits Start Cal The Start Cal submenu selects the calibrated ports and the calibration type The calibration types depend on the number of test ports of the analyzer For a four port unit One Port P1 and One Port P2 open submenus to select a one port calibration at test por...

Страница 235: ...est ports PORT 1 and PORT 2 One port calibrations can be performed automatically or manually Calibration Unit 75 Q starts an automatic tow port TOSM calibration This function is enabled while the Calibration Unit is connected The following menu commands calls up the start dialog of the calibration wizard to start a manual calibration Normalization Forward initiates a normalization in forward direc...

Страница 236: ...bration kits at all calibrated ports Measure Standards Acquire measurement data for all standards required for the selected calibration type Calculate the system error correction data error terms from the measurement data of the standards and apply the result to the active channel A successful calibration will supersede the previous calibration discarding all previous system error correction data ...

Страница 237: ...calibration kit The list contains all calibration kits available for the selected connector type The assignment of a calibration kit to a connector type must be the same for all physical ports If a calibration kit is changed the analyzer automatically assigns the new kit to all ports with the same connector type Completness The selected calibration kit must contain all standards needed for the act...

Страница 238: ...og displays the list of measured standards compiled in the previous dialog The list is complete All standards must be measured to perform the selected calibrations Structure of the Measured Standards list The list of measured standards has a tree structure The first level contains all physical ports where one port reflection measurements are required and all physical port combinations where two po...

Страница 239: ... or three positions of the sliding match have been measured However it is often desirable to acquire calibration data from both standards The analyzer combines the data in an appropriate manner The match results are used up to the lower edge of the specified frequency range of the sliding match Min Freq The sliding match results are used for frequencies above the Min Freq In general the sliding ma...

Страница 240: ...etween the selected calibration type the standards and the channel settings may cause the calibration to be inaccurate The analyzer auto detects potential sources of errors and displays appropriate self explanatory notice boxes Remote control SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQuire RSAVe SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQUire SELected SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect DELete ca...

Страница 241: ...Number The Sweep Type must be unchanged If incompatible settings occur the analyzer displays an error message and does not repeat the calibration Correction Off Activates or deactivates the system error correction in the active channel Correction Off is active only if a valid system error correction is assigned to the active channel see Cal State in the Calibration Manager A red label Cal Off appe...

Страница 242: ...ered into any of the dialogs in the Offset menu For a lossless transmission line both LossDC and Loss fref are zero In practice Loss fref often represents the dominant contribution so that LossDC can be set to zero Offset parameters Application and effect Offset parameters can be particularly useful if the reference plane of the calibration cannot be placed directly at the DUT ports e g because th...

Страница 243: ...he de embedding parameters are left unchanged Electrical Length defines electrical length offsets and loss parameters at all test ports Mechanical Length defines mechanical length offsets and loss parameters at all test ports Delay defines delay times and loss parameters at all test ports Auto Length determines a length offset for the receiving port of the active measured quantity with the conditi...

Страница 244: ...y Loss fref and the reference frequency fref see Loss parameters Definition above The Mechanical Length dialog contains the three editable columns Mech Length Permittivity r and Velocity Fact 1 sqrt r see Offset parameters Definition above Permittivity and velocity factor are coupled parameters The dialog provides the following additional control elements Select Cable Type opens a dialog to use th...

Страница 245: ...entire trace is shifted in vertical direction and centered around zero In phase format the Auto Length corrected trace shows the deviation from linear phase The effect of a dispersive connector type i e a waveguide see Offset Model dialog assigned to the receiving port of the measured quantitiy is taken into account If the active trace shows an S parameter Sij then Auto Length adds a length offset...

Страница 246: ...gle S parameter therefore Auto Offset is disabled Calculation of loss parameters The loss is assumed to be given in terms of the DC loss LossDC the reference frequency fref and the loss at the reference frequency Loss fref The formula used in the Auto Loss algorithm is similar to the formula for manual entry of the loss parameters see Loss parameters Definition The result is calculated according t...

Страница 247: ...ength offset parameters Deembedding a DUT Deembedding and embedding are inverse operations A deembedding problem is given if an arbitrary real network connected to the DUT is to be virtually removed in order to obtain the characteristics of the DUT alone Deembedding is typically used for DUTs which are not directly accessible because they are inseparably connected to other components e g for MMICs...

Страница 248: ...and activates or deactivates embedding Embedding Deembedding Selects a 2 port transformation network for de embedding defines its parameters assigns it to a physical port and enables de embedding The two dialogs for deembedding and embedding are identical except for their inverse effect The dialogs contain the following control elements Port is the analyzer port for the added or removed circuit Th...

Страница 249: ...e lumped element 2 port transformation networks for de embedding consist of the following two basic circuit blocks A capacitor C connected in parallel with a resistor An inductor L connected in series with a resistor The 2 port transformation networks comprise all possible combinations of 2 basic blocks where one block represents a serial the other a shunt element In the default setting the resist...

Страница 250: ...lection of correction data sets cal groups that the analyzer stores in a common directory C Rohde Schwarz NWA Calibration Data Cal groups in the pool can be applied to different channels and setups Each cal group is stored in a separate file named CalGroup_name cal The cal group name can be changed in the Calibration Manager dialog The Calibration Manager dialog contains three main panels Calibrat...

Страница 251: ...ion will overwrite cal pool when opening the first dialog of the calibration wizard The buttons in the upper half of the dialog are used to modify the Cal Pool and apply pool data to channels Copy copies the correction data Channel Cal of the selected channel to the cal pool generating a new pool member cal group Apply assigns the selected cal group to the selected channel Apply All assigns the se...

Страница 252: ...lyzer Safety related aspects of the connection and operation of the units are also reported in the sections below Connecting the Calibration Unit to the Network Analyzer The calibration unit provides two N 75 V f connectors To connect the unit Switch on and start up your network analyzer To protect your equipment against ESD damage use the wrist strap and grounding cord supplied with the instrumen...

Страница 253: ...yzer ports you wish to calibrate one two ports for a one two port calibration to arbitrary ports of the calibration unit If you connect just one cal unit port terminate the other port with a 50 V match Perform the automatic calibration for the selected number of ports using the S Parameter Wizard or the Start Calibration menu Remove the test cables from the unit connect your DUT instead and perfor...

Страница 254: ...emote control SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect AUTO SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect AUTO CKIT SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect AUTO PORTs SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect AUTO PORTs CONNection Calibration Procedure The automatic calibration is started on clicking Calibration Unit in the Start Calibration menu The Calibration Unit dialog shows the parameters of the cal unit the port assignment and the progress of the...

Страница 255: ...ry STATe MMEMory AKAL FACTory CONVersion Cal Kits Opens a dialog to manage the calibration kits in use add new kits and import or export kits Calibration kits A calibration kit is a set of physical calibration standards for a particular connector type The magnitude and phase response of the calibration standards i e their S parameters must be known or predictable within a given frequency range The...

Страница 256: ...se table is used to select a calibration kit for each connector type The pull down lists contain all kits for the individual connector types Remote control SENSe Ch CORRection CKIT conn_type SELect ckit_name SENSe Ch CORRection CKIT SELect conn_type ckit_name Cal Kit Parameter Types The analyzer uses three types of parameters to describe the calibration standards The parameter type is the same for...

Страница 257: ...tenuation ff mm mf 0 mm Symm Network ff mm mf 0 mm The following additional parameters are used Characteristic impedance Z0 reference impedance of the connector type Loss 0 dB sqrt GHz 0 GV s All inductance and capacitance parameters are set to zero Cal Kit Files Calibration kit files can be used to store the parameters of a particular calibration kit to reuse the data and to exchange calibration ...

Страница 258: ...d on a German system contain commas The network analyzer expects the dot as a separator and displays an error message when a csv file with commas is loaded Please install the VNA Cal Kit Manager V2 1 on an appropriate e g Englisch Windows version to avoid trouble prn cal kit files PNA Cal Kit Editor The network analyzer can import and process cal kit files created with the PNA Cal Kit Editor The f...

Страница 259: ...t see Restrict Port Assignment and the label if defined Clicking a standard opens the View Modify Standard in kit_name dialog where it is possible to change the parameters Four buttons can be used to change the entries in the list Copy Standards from opens a dialog to copy standards from another calibration kit to the new kit Add Standard selects defines and adds a new standard to the kit A calibr...

Страница 260: ...s assigned to it Impact of reference impedance The reference impedance Ref Imp Z0 for the connectors is a critical value that represents an input value for various parameter conversions Z0 enters into The calculation of the S parameters for the calibration standards associated with the connector type provided that they are derived from a circuit model Add Modify Standard dialog The calculation of ...

Страница 261: ...ed for waveguides The impedance for waveguides is frequency dependent If a waveguide line type is selected various dialogs e g Add Standard will indicate varies instead of a definite impedance value Impact of offset model parameters The offset model parameters are used for the calculation of the S parameters for the calibration standards associated with the connector type provided that they are de...

Страница 262: ...ed S parameters stored in a Touchstone file Pressing the Read Data from File button opens a file selection dialog where the appropriate file type s1p for one port standards and s2p for two port standards is automatically selected The Sliding Match and Attenuation are special standard types which must be described by a circuit model The controls in the S Params From panel are disabled For two port ...

Страница 263: ... Calibration Kit dialogs Port assignment and gender The standards are handled differently depending on their port assignment If the port assignment is not restricted the gender belongs to the definition of polarized standards When the connector type and calibration kit is selected in the calibration wizard the analyzer checks whether the kit contains the necessary standard types and whether the st...

Страница 264: ... is equal to the Delay times the speed of light in the vacuum and is a measure for the length of transmission line between the standard and the actual calibration plane For a waveguide with permittivity Nrand mechanical length Lmech the following relations hold The default delay is 0 s the default step width is 1 ns corresponding to a step width of 299 792 mm for the electrical length The relation...

Страница 265: ...s dialog is opened from the Add or View Modify Standard dialog Modify Load button The circuit model for the load consists of capacitance C which is connected in parallel to an inductance L and a resistance R both connected in series R is the constant resistive contribution It is possible to select a special value Open for so that the inductance coefficients are irrelevant Short for 0 V Match for t...

Страница 266: ...t Attenuation Fully matched standard in both directions two port the reflection factor at both ports is zero Symm network Unknown mismatched reflection symmetric standard two port Remote control For an overview of standard parameters see also SENSe Ch CORRection CKIT conn_type std_type Sweep The Sweep submenu defines the scope of measurement in the current channel This includes the sweep type with...

Страница 267: ...oup of single sweeps defined in the Define Restart dialog Define Restart opens a dialog to specify which channels are affected and how many sweeps are repeated Average On activates or de activates the sweep average With average on the measurement results are averaged over a selected number of consecutive sweeps Average Factor Average Factor defines the number of consecutive sweeps to be averaged R...

Страница 268: ... as obtained e g by means of a spectrum analyzer This is the default sweep type In a Cartesian diagram the measurement result is displayed as a trace over a linear frequency scale spectral representation The following example shows a Lin Frequency sweep with a stimulus range between 4 5 GHz and 6 GHz the forward transmission parameter S12 as measured quantity and a dB Mag scaled y axis Remote cont...

Страница 269: ...ently for the individual segments Due to this flexibility Segmented Frequency sweeps are suitable for any detailed analysis of a DUT at specified frequencies In a Cartesian diagram the measurement result is displayed as a trace over a linear frequency scale ranging from the lowest to the highest frequency point of all segments The following example shows a Segmented Frequency sweep with 3 segments...

Страница 270: ...lue is set Stop is adjusted to the new Start value plus 1 Hz Stop is the stimulus x axis value of the last point of the segment If the segment contains more than one Point then Stop must be larger or equal than the Start value If a Stop value equal to or smaller than the current Start value is set Start is adjusted to the new Stop value minus 1 Hz Points is the number of sweep points in the segmen...

Страница 271: ...ELete ALL Individual Settings The options in the Individual Settings panel can be used to vary the channel settings of every individual segment in the list The first sweep segment is created with the channel settings defined for general sweep types When any further sweep segment created it uses the channel settings of the previously active segment Each selected checked option adds a column to the ...

Страница 272: ...lt extension seglist and a special file format Export Segment List calls up a Save As dialog to store the current sweep segments to a sweep segment file Sweep segment files are ASCII files with the default extension seglist and a special file format To import a segment list file seglist you can also use the Windows Explorer and simply double click the file or drag and drop the file into the NWA ap...

Страница 273: ...egments As an alternative to the Number of Points the Stimulus Step Size can be set Measurement time and screen resolution A large number of points improves the resolution of the trace but increases the measurement time The overall measurement time is composed of a hardware settling time at the beginning of the sweep plus the sum of the measurement times at each individual sweep point This implies...

Страница 274: ...egmented sweeps Increasing the Frequency Step Size generally increases the measurement time Remote control SENSe Ch SWEep STEP Meas Delay Sets a delay time before the start of each partial measurement This setting is not available on R S ZVL13 network analyzers A measurement delay time increases the accuracy in particular in measurements on DUTs with long settling times e g quartzes SAW filters Re...

Страница 275: ...oup see Sweep History Remote control SENSe Ch SWEep COUNt INITiate Ch IMMediate SCOPe Trigger The Trigger submenu selects the source of the trigger signal and provides additional Trigger Settings Trigger system of the analyzer The trigger system is used to synchronize the analyzer s actions with events that can be provided by an external signal Triggered measurements are an alternative to the defa...

Страница 276: ...un means that a measurement in Continuous Sweep mode is repeated as fast as possible Remote control TRIGger SEQuence SOURce IMMediate External In External trigger mode the measurement is triggered by an external TTL signal applied to the BNC connector EXT TRIGGER GATE IN on the rear panel No additional setting for signal routing is required Selecting External opens a dialog to select whether the r...

Страница 277: ...ent starts an entire sweep according to the current sweep configuration Point means that each trigger event starts the measurement at the next sweep point This mode is not available on R S ZVL13 network analyzers The period of the trigger events should be adjusted to the triggered measurement sequence If the analyzer receives a trigger event while the last sequence is still running the trigger eve...

Страница 278: ...ment frequency alternative techniques e g a smaller filter bandwidth must be used Calculation of sweep average The average trace is obtained as follows Let c be the Average Factor and assume that n sweeps have been measured since the start of the average cycle start of the measurement or Restart Average The following two situations are distinguished n c At each sweep point the average trace no n i...

Страница 279: ...ces menu The active channel is the channel belonging to the active trace The channels of all traces in a diagram area are listed at the bottom of the diagram together with the Stimulus values and the display colors of all traces The active channel is highlighted Ch1 in the example below with two associated traces A mouse click onto a trace in the trace list selects the channel associated to the tr...

Страница 280: ...ther color The former and the new active trace are superimposed but can be easily separated e g by changing the Reference Position The new channel is named Ch n where n is the largest of all existing channel numbers plus one The name can be changed in the Channel Manager To create a new trace in the active channel use the Trace Traces Add Trace function To create a new channel and a new trace and ...

Страница 281: ...el Manager Opens a dialog to perform the actions in the Channel Select menu systematically and rename channels All existing channels of the current setup are listed in a table see below Below the table the Trace Manager provides the following buttons Add Channel adds a new channel to the list The new channel is named Ch n where n is the largest of all existing channel numbers plus one Delete Chann...

Страница 282: ...eft corner The contents of the diagram areas are explained in section Display Elements Diagram areas are controlled and configured by means of the functions in the Nwa Setup Display submenu Moreover the size of the entire window can be changed by an easy drag and drop operation which is especially useful if the nework analyzer is controlled via Remote Desktop No direct access via front panel keys ...

Страница 283: ...ay All places all traces in a single diagram area which occupies the whole window Split All splits the active window into as many diagram areas as there are traces and assigns a single trace to each area Maximize maximizes the active diagram area to occupy the whole window Dual Split splits the active window into two diagram areas and distributes the traces among the two areas Triple Split splits ...

Страница 284: ...as drag and drop the separating frames or use the Split Manager Remote control No command display configuration only Triple Split Splits the active window into three diagram areas and distributes the traces among the three areas separating diagrams with different trace Format and Channel settings e g Cartesian and polar diagrams If less than three traces are available some diagram areas are empty ...

Страница 285: ...tion of the diagram areas drag and drop the separating frames or use the Split Manager Remote control No command display configuration only Split Manager Opens a dialog to arrange the diagram areas in the active window Split Mode provides a drow down list to select alternative display schemes for the diagram areas see examples for split modes below Number of Diagram Areas indicates the total numbe...

Страница 286: ...R S ZVL GUI Reference Nwa Setup Menu Operating Manual 1303 6580 32 06 271 Lineup Stack Tile Horizontally Tile Vertically ...

Страница 287: ... line below the top of the diagram area Diagram Area provides a drop down list of all diagram areas of the current setup The title is assigned to the selected area All Titles Off removes the titles from all diagram areas The titles are hidden but not deleted Unchecking All Titles Off displays the titles again Remote control DISPlay WINDow Wnd TITle DATA title DISPlay WINDow Wnd TITle STATe Boolean...

Страница 288: ... in the diagram areas are displayed in different colors This setting is usually suitable for observing results on the analyzer screen Light Background sets a light background color The traces and information elements in the diagram areas are displayed in different colors This setting is suitable for generating color hardcopies of the screen The following Predefined Schemes can be appropriate for g...

Страница 289: ... the colors that are easiest to distinguish On one hand it is advantageous to use the colors at the beginning of the scheme On the other hand it is often desirable to use different colors in different diagram areas so that any trace that is moved from one diagram area to another can keep its color Keep Trace Color changed between these two alternative color modes as shown below Keep Trace Color Mo...

Страница 290: ...race Meas submenu Pressing the key to the right of a softkey directly activates a submenu calls up the numeric entry bar or a dialog or initiates an action See Softkey Bar in the introductory chapter for more information Status Bar Shows or hides the status bar across the bottom of the screen The status bar describes the current channel if the setup contains only one channel the progress of the sw...

Страница 291: ...FREQuency STATe ON OFF Undo Reverses the last action if possible Otherwise Undo is disabled grayed You can use Undo even after a Preset in order to restore your own instrument settings Redo Reverses the action of the Undo command If Undo was not used before Redo is disabled grayed Setup Info Displays the channel and trace settings of the active setup See also section Obtaining Technical Support Sy...

Страница 292: ...so used as a default length unit for remote control see e g CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault CENTer Presets The tab specifies whether a Preset affects the Active Setup or all open setups Instrument A preset does not change any of the properties listed in the Resets tab of the System Configuration dialog In the Preset Configuration panel it is possible to specify whether the Preset command will perf...

Страница 293: ...fined header The tooltip is to provide information that can be useful for program development and optimization it does not necessarily indicate that a remote control script is faulty or non executable Remote control for Unit of Length UNIT LENGth for Keep Measurement Data SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQuire RSAVe DEFault for preset scope SYSTem PRESet SCOPe SINGle ALL for GPIB FORMat BORDer NORMal...

Страница 294: ...t storage media or to load Recall softkey stored data back onto the instrument Functions for management of storage media File Manager softkey include among others functions for listing copying and deleting renaming files The R S ZVL is capable of internally storing complete instrument settings with instrument configurations and measurement data in the form of settings files The respective data are...

Страница 295: ...l or measurement mode this information is delivered in the corresponding softkey description Submenu Command Submenu Command Command Save Save File Select Path Select File Edit File Name Edit Comment Select Items Select Items Enable All Items Disable All Items Delete File Recall Recall File Select Path Select File Edit File Name Edit Comment Select Items Select Items Enable All Items Disable All I...

Страница 296: ... field To change the directory press the Edit Path softkey To select a folder use the rotary knob or the Cursor Up and Cursor Down keys To open a subfolder press the Cursor Right key To close subfolders press the Cursor Left key To confirm the selection press the rotary knob or the ENTER key Files list If the Startup Recall dialog box is opened the focus is on the File Name field To set the focus ...

Страница 297: ...s is C R_S Instr user Files List of settings files already stored File Name Alphanumeric name of settings file Comment Comment regarding the settings file Items Selection of items to be saved in the settings file Save File Recall File Saves the settings file with the defined file name Save dialog box or recalls the selected settings file Recall dialog box If the file name already exists upon savin...

Страница 298: ...limit_lines The base name can contain characters numbers and underscores The file extension is added automatically Edit Comment Sets the focus on the Comment field to enter a comment concerning the current settings file Max 60 characters are allowed Select Items Displays the softkey submenu for selecting the items to be stored or loaded The Select Items softkey in the submenu sets the focus on the...

Страница 299: ...Remote Control MMEM LOAD AUTO 1 C R_S Instr user TEST Startup Recall Setup Opens the Startup Recall dialog box to select the settings file for the startup recall function see also Startup Recall softkey Remote Control MMEM LOAD AUTO 1 C R_S Instr user TEST File Manager Opens the File Manager dialog and submenu Recall Shortcuts Opens a submenu providing access to all settings files stored in the C ...

Страница 300: ... The following tasks can be performed to copy files from flash disk to other media to copy files into another directory to rename and delete files Navigation in the File Manager To change from one subfolder to another use the ENTER key To change to the next higher directory select the dots To change into a subfolder use the Cursor Right and Cursor Left keys To select a file or a folder use the Cur...

Страница 301: ...ote Control MMEM MSIS D MMEM CDIR C R_S Instr user New Folder Creates a new folder and opens an edit dialog box to enter name and path absolute or relative to the current directory of the new folder Remote Control MMEM MDIR C R_S Instr user TEST Copy Copies the selected item to the clipboard The item can be copied later using the Paste softkey Remote Control MMEM COPY C R_S Instr user set cfg E Re...

Страница 302: ... top of the list Name Sorts the displayed files in alphabetical order of the file names Date Sorts the displayed files in respect to the date Extension Sorts the displayed files in respect to the extension Size Sorts the displayed files in respect to the size File Lists 1 2 Splits the screen to copy files from one directory to the other The focus between the two panes is switched using the FIELD R...

Страница 303: ...AN interface firmware update and enabling of options information about instrument configuration and service support functions The following table shows all softkeys available in the setup menu It is possible that your instrument configuration does not provide all softkeys If a softkey is only available with a special option model or measurement mode this information is delivered in the correspondi...

Страница 304: ...g GPIB Terminator LFEOI EOI IDN Format Leg ZVL I O Logging On Off Time Date Meas Display g Display Pwr Save On Off More g Monitor Int Ext Soft Frontpanel Open Start Menu More g Firmware Update g Firmware Update Option Licenses g Install Option Shutdown Off Standby Preset Network Preset Spectrum System Info g Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Clear All Messages ...

Страница 305: ...nce source In the external reference setting all internal oscillators of the R S ZVL are synchronized to the external reference frequency also 10 MHz Remote Control ROSC SOUR INT Firmware Update Opens a submenu to install firmware versions The installation of a new firmware version can be performed via USB or LAN interface see Firmware Update With firmware versions V3 00 and higher a user account ...

Страница 306: ...ower Supply Off The instrument is completely turned off To prevent the instrument from overheating the fan remains active Standby The instrument is switched to standby mode Preset Network Sets the preset mode to network analyzer The instrument is set to this mode when a preset is performed PRESET key or RST command Preset Spectrum Sets the preset mode to spectrum analyzer The instrument is set to ...

Страница 307: ...hed off i e including backlighting This mode is recommended when the instrument is exclusively operated in remote control Remote Control DISP PSAV ON DISP PSAV HOLD 15 Monitor Int Ext Activates the R S ZVL front panel display Int or an external monitor to display the screen contents An external monitor must be connected to the DVI connector on the rear panel of the instrument Soft Frontpanel Activ...

Страница 308: ...nsists of four number blocks separated by dots Each block contains 3 numbers in maximum e g 100 100 100 100 but also one or two numbers are allowed in a block as an example see the preinstalled address Subnet Mask Opens an edit dialog box to enter the subnet mask via the keypad The TCP IP protocol is preinstalled with the subnet mask 255 255 255 0 If the DHCP server is available DHCP On the dialog...

Страница 309: ...entified Info Shows the current LXI parameters of the analyzer The R S ZVL displays the current LXI version LXI class and various system parameters like computer name or IP adress While active the dialog is not updated Remote control SYSTem LXI INFO Password Shows the current LXI password You can also change the current password using this softkey Some settings in the LXI web browser e g IP parame...

Страница 310: ...ation Auto Detect VXI 11 Discovery Enabled The LAN settings are configured using the instrument s LXI Browser Interface With firmware versions V3 00 and higher a user account with administrator rights is necessary for the LXI functionality see Operation with and without Administrator Rights in chapter 1 Remote control SYSTem LXI LANReset LXI Browser Interface LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation LXI...

Страница 311: ...al class C features described above it provides the following LXI related functionality Integrated LXI menu for LXI activation and reset of the LAN configuration LAN Configuration Initialize LCI The LXI functionality requires a Windows XP operating system that has been upgraded to service pack 2 Please contact your Rohde Schwarz service representative if your network analyzer s operating system ne...

Страница 312: ...at a LAN connection has been established a red symbol indicates that no LAN cable is connected The Device Indicator setting is not password protected The navigation pane of the browser interface contains the following control elements Lan Configuration opens the LAN Configuration page Status displays information about the LXI status of the instrument Glossary opens a document with a glossary of te...

Страница 313: ...amic Link Local Addressing Automatic IP to obtain the instrument IP address Changing the LAN configuration is password protected The default password reads LxiWebIfc notice upper and lower case characters This password can be changed in the LXI configuration menu This password is restored by a Lan Reset LCI The subentries of the Lan Configuration menu open other pages Ping Client provides the ping...

Страница 314: ...ism other additional discovery mechanisms are permitted Ping Ping is a utility that verifies the connection between the analyzer and another device The ping command uses the ICMP echo request and echo reply packets to determine whether the LAN connection is functional Ping is useful for diagnosing IP network or router failures The ping utility is not password protected To initiate a ping between t...

Страница 315: ...on R S FSL B10 only Opens a submenu to set the parameters of the remote control interface Menu Key Submenu Submenu Command SETUP g General Setup g GPIB g GPIB Address ID String Factory ID String User GPIB Language Display Update On Off More g GPIB Terminator LFEOI EOI IDN Format Leg ZVL I O Logging On Off ...

Страница 316: ...deleted and the setup is necessary once again Remote Control SYST COMM GPIB ADDR 20 ID String Factory Selects the default response to the IDN query ID String User Opens an edit dialog box to enter a user defined response to the IDN query Max 36 characters are allowed GPIB Language Only the remote control language SCPI is available for the R S ZVL and is set by default Display Update On Off Defines...

Страница 317: ...iLogging System Info Opens a submenu to display detailed information on module data device statistics and system messages Menu Key Submenu Command SETUP g System Info g Hardware Info Versions Options System Messages Clear All Messages Hardware Info Opens a dialog box in which all modules installed hardware components are listed together with the serial numbers order numbers model information hardw...

Страница 318: ...ges exceeds the capacity of the error buffer Message buffer overflow is displayed To delete messages see Clear All Messages softkey Remote Control SYST ERR LIST Clear All Messages Deletes all system messages The softkey is only available if the System Messages dialog box is displayed Remote Control SYST ERR CLE ALL Service Opens a submenu that contains additional functions for maintenance and or t...

Страница 319: ...tput level of the calibration source Possible values are 0 dB and 30 dB TG is for future extensions The Input RF Cal TG softkey is available in spectrum analyzer mode only Comb Frequency Opens a dialog box to set the comb generator frequency for the internal calibration see Input Cal Comb 1 65 8333 MHz 1 Comb 64 65 8333 MHz 64 Comb 65 65 8333 MHz 65 The Comb Frequency is available in spectrum anal...

Страница 320: ...cial option model or measurement mode this information is delivered in the corresponding softkey description Command Print Screen Device Setup Device 1 2 Comment Install Printer Print Screen Starts to printout all test results displayed on the screen diagrams traces markers marker lists limit lines etc Comments title date and time are included at the bottom margin of the printout All displayed ite...

Страница 321: ...e in the Device Setup dialog box The analyzer is able to manage two print settings independently of each other For each device the print setting is displayed on the corresponding tab of the Device Setup dialog box Device Setup softkey Comment Opens dialog box to enter a comment Max 120 characters are allowed 60 characters fit in one line In the first line at any point a manual line feed can be for...

Страница 322: ...Spectrum Analyzer mode and of all supplementary spectrum analyzer options is described in a separate context sensitive help system For an overview of the remote control structure refer to Network Analyzer and Spectrum Analyzer Mode Remote Control INST SEL NWA SAN Control Menus The Control menus provide standard Windows functions to control windows The analyzer provides two types of Control menus w...

Страница 323: ...dow to its size and position Restore is available after a Maximize or Minimize command only This command is unavailable for maximized windows Minimize Reduces the active window to an icon Maximize Enlarges the active window to fill the available space Close Closes the active setup window setup control menu or ends the analyzer session application control menu In a setup window the analyzer suggest...

Страница 324: ...rence Control Menus Operating Manual 1303 6580 32 06 309 Next Selects the next diagram area as the active diagram area This command is available in setup control menus only and is disabled if only one setup is defined ...

Страница 325: ......

Страница 326: ...Control 319 Messages 320 GPIB Interface Messages 320 RSIB and VXI 11 Interface Messages 320 Device Messages Commands and Device Responses 320 SCPI Command Structure and Syntax 321 Common Commands 321 Instrument Control Commands 321 Structure of a Command Line 323 Responses to Queries 324 SCPI Parameters 324 Numeric Values 324 Boolean Parameters 325 Text Parameters 325 Strings 326 Block Data Format...

Страница 327: ...ng System 333 Overview of Status Registers 334 Structure of an SCPI Status Register 335 Status Registers 337 Contents of the Status Registers 337 STB and SRE 337 IST Flag and PPE 338 ESR and ESE 338 STATus OPERation 339 STATus QUEStionable 339 STATus QUEStionable LIMit1 1 2 339 STATus QUEStionable INTegrity 340 Application of the Status Reporting System 341 Service Request 341 Serial Poll 342 Para...

Страница 328: ...cause and SCPI error no 113 Undefined header Spectrum analyzer SAN commands are available while the SAN mode is active In SAN mode the R S ZVL also supports commands for the following supplementary spectrum analyzer options R S FSL K7 AM FM M Measurement Demodulator Analog Demod R S FSL K8 Bluetooth Measurements R S FSL B6 TV Trigger R S FSK B8 Gated Sweep R S FSL K14 Spectrogram Measurements The ...

Страница 329: ...e instrument are taken from the SCPI standard Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments however their syntax follows SCPI rules The SCPI standard is based on standard IEEE 488 2 and aims at the standardization of instrument control commands error handling and the status registers The requirements that the SCPI standard places on command syntax error handling and configuration of the status re...

Страница 330: ...al host address see LAN Connection sections in Chapter 1 VXI 11 VISA for LAN connections via the VXI 11 protocol requires an installed VISA library NT pipe A B only for local connection on the analyzer recommended for remote test on the instrument EB200 not supported at present A connection requires the default settings Rohde Schwarz for the SCPI command set and Use SRQ On Select Nwa Setup Setup I...

Страница 331: ...rol On power up the instrument is always in the manual operating state and can be operated via the front panel controls The instrument is switched to remote control as soon as it receives a command from the controller If the instrument is controlled via RSIB or VX 11 protocol the alternative commands REM and LOC can be used to switch from manual to remote control and back ...

Страница 332: ...on below Local switches the instrument back to local state Display On Off states Switching on the display means that the analyzer shows the measurement screen with the current setups diagram areas and traces without leaving the remote state In this operating mode it is possible to observe the screen while a remote control script is executed and the control elements on the front panel are still dis...

Страница 333: ...ually in the System menu or via GPIB bus For remote control addresses 0 through 30 are permissible The GPIB address is maintained after a reset of the instrument settings Remote control SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB SELF ADDRess Return to Manual Operation Return to manual operation can be initiated via the front panel or via remote control Manually Click the Local softkey in the remote screen Via GPIB b...

Страница 334: ...se more than 8 user keys you can easily introduce additional levels Simply reserve one key for re defining the entire user key bar If you press or click the key your remote script should re assign the labels and functions of the existing keys If you use this procedure repeatedly you can emulate an arbitrary number of manual control features on your remote screen Menu key commands The commands in t...

Страница 335: ...r communication between controller and instrument and can only be sent by a computer which has the function of an GPIB bus controller GPIB interface messages can be further subdivided into Universal commands act on all devices connected to the GPIB bus without previous addressing Addressed commands only act on devices previously addressed as listeners The interface messages relevant to the instrum...

Страница 336: ...en standardized by the SCPI consortium The device messages have a characteristic structure and syntax In the SCPI reference chapter all commands are listed and explained in detail SCPI Command Structure and Syntax SCPI commands consist of a so called header and in most cases one or more parameters The header and the parameters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g b...

Страница 337: ...nd header they are inserted in Example SOURce FREQuency CW lGHZ This command contains the key word SOURce in the first command level It defines the frequency for sweep types operating at fixed frequency TRIGger SOURce EXTernal This command contains the key word SOURce in the second command level It defines the trigger source external trigger Optional mnemonics Some command systems permit certain m...

Страница 338: ...suffix added to the command Entries without suffix are interpreted like entries with the suffix 1 Example SOURce GROup2 1 1 This command defines a second group group no 2 of measured ports Structure of a Command Line A command line may consist of one or several commands It is terminated by a New Line a New Line with EOI or an EOI together with the last data byte Visual BASIC automatically produces...

Страница 339: ... FREQuency STOP MAX Response 8000000000 3 Numerical values are output without their unit The default unit for each command is reported in the SCPI command description Example SENSe FREQuency STOP MAX Response 8000000000 for 8 GHz 4 Boolean values are returned as 0 for OFF and 1 for ON Example SWEep TIME AUTO Response 1 5 Text character data is returned in short form see also next section Example T...

Страница 340: ...NF and NINF are only sent as device responses NAN Not a Number NAN represents the value 9 91E37 NAN is only sent as device response This value is not defined Possible causes are division by zero subtraction or addition of infinite and the representation of missing values Unless it is explicitly stated in the command description you can use the special numeric parameters for all commands of the ana...

Страница 341: ...s are ignored until all bytes are transmitted A 0 combination introduces a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite format requires a NL END message to terminate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Overview of Syntax Elements The col...

Страница 342: ...the analyzer s remote control concept discussed in the following sections Traces Channels and Diagram Areas Like in manual control traces can be assigned to a channel and displayed in diagram areas see section Traces Channels and Diagram Areas in Chapter 3 There are two main differences between manual and remote control A trace can be created without being displayed on the screen A channel must no...

Страница 343: ...ple actually simplifies the remote control command syntax because it allows the active trace in a particular channel to be referenced by means of the channel suffix No additional trace identifier is needed there is no need either to distinguish channel and trace settings using mnemonics or suffixes The active traces are handled as follows After a preset RST the analyzer displays a single diagram a...

Страница 344: ...nd description the numeric suffix Ch is used for channel settings it denotes the configured channel whereas Chn is used for trace settings it denotes the active trace in the channel Initiating Measurements Speed Considerations After a reset the network analyzer measures in continuous mode The displayed trace shows the result of the last sweep and is continuously updated This provides a permanent v...

Страница 345: ... 2 or the interface message DCL If the input buffer is full the message data traffic is stopped and the data received up to then is processed Subsequently the traffic is continued If however the buffer is not yet full when receiving the delimiter the input unit can already receive the next command during command recognition and execution The receipt of a DCL clears the input buffer and immediately...

Страница 346: ...is signalled to the status reporting system All alterations of the data set are cancelled the instrument hardware is not reset Due to the delayed checking and hardware setting however impermissible instrument states can be set for a short period of time within one command line without this leading to an error message example simultaneous activation of a frequency and a power sweep At the end of th...

Страница 347: ...es Example 1 Commands and queries in one message The response to a query combined in a program message with commands that affect the queried value is not predictable Sending FREQ STAR 1GHZ SPAN 100 FREQ STAR always returns 1000000000 1 GHz When FREQ STAR 1GHz STAR SPAN 1000000 is sent however the result is not specified by SCPI The result could be the value of STARt before the command was sent sin...

Страница 348: ...strument and on errors which have occurred This information is stored in the status registers and in the error queue Both can be queried via GPIB bus or Ethernet STATus commands Hierarchy of status registers As shown in the graphical overview the status information is of hierarchical structure STB SRE The STatus Byte STB register and its associated mask register Service Request Enable SRE form the...

Страница 349: ...work analyzer are implemented as shown below STB STATus OPERation Register logical AND logical OR of all bits Error Queue RQS MSS MAV 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STATus QUEStionable Register 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STATus QUEStionable LIMit1 Register 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STATus QUEStionable LIMit2 Register 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1...

Страница 350: ... the next lower register Its contents always reflect the current instrument state This register part can only be read but not overwritten or cleared Reading the CONDition register is nondestructive PTRansition The two transition register parts define which state transition of the condition part none 0 to 1 1 to 0 or both is stored in the EVENt part The Positive TRansition part acts as a transition...

Страница 351: ...e STB SRE The register STatus Byte STB defined in IEEE 488 2 and its associated mask register Service Request Enable SRE form the highest level of the status reporting system The STB provides a rough overview of the instrument status collecting the information of the lower level registers ESR SCPI registers The STB receives its information from the following registers The standard IEEE 488 2 Event...

Страница 352: ...UEStionable LIMit 1 2 register indicates the result of the limit check STB and SRE The STatus Byte STB provides a rough overview of the instrument status by collecting the pieces of information of the lower registers The STB represents the highest level within the SCPI hierarchy A special feature is that bit 6 acts as the summary bit of the remaining bits of the status byte SRE and Service Request...

Страница 353: ...the IST flag The bits of the STB are ANDed with the corresponding bits of the PPE with bit 6 being used as well in contrast to the SRE The IST flag results from the ORing of all results Related common commands The IST flag is queried using the command IST The PPE can be set using PRE and read using command PRE ESR and ESE The Event Status Register ESR indicates general instrument states It is link...

Страница 354: ...it1 register and the associated ENABle bit is set to 1 STATus QUEStionable LIMit1 1 2 The STATus QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 registers indicate the result of the limit check They can be queried using the commands STATus QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 CONDition or STATus QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 EVENt STATus QUEStionable LIMit1 is also the summary register of the lower level STATus QUEStionable LIMit2 register Th...

Страница 355: ... the lower level STATus QUEStionable INTegrity HARDware register Refer to the Error Messages section for a detailed description of hardware errors including possible remedies The bits in the STATus QUEStionable INTegrity register are defined as follows Bit No Meaning 2 HARDware Register summary This bit is set if a bit is set in the STATus QUEStionable INTegrity HARDware register and the associate...

Страница 356: ...equest SRQ initiated by the measuring device Serial poll of all devices in the bus system initiated by the controller in order to find out who sent a SRQ and why Parallel poll of all devices Query of a specific instrument status by means of commands Query of the error queue Service Request The measuring device can send a service request SRQ to the controller Usually this service request causes an ...

Страница 357: ... EVENT query STATus QUEStionable register If bit 10 QUEStionable LIMit1 summary bit is set then 3 Query STAT QUES LIMit1 EVENT query STATus QUEStionable LIMit1 register If bit 1 is set then the first trace failed the limit check The SRQ is the only possibility for the instrument to become active on its own Each controller program should set the instrument such that a service request is initiated i...

Страница 358: ... parallel poll method is mainly used to find out quickly which one of the instruments connected to the controller has sent a service request To this effect SRE and PPE must be set to the same value Query of an Instrument Status Each part of any status register can be read by means of queries There are two types of commands The common commands ESR IDN IST STB query the higher level registers The co...

Страница 359: ...hould be queried regularly since faulty commands from the controller to the instrument are recorded there as well Reset Values of the Status Reporting System The table below indicates the effects of various commands upon the status reporting system of the analyzer Event Switching on supply voltage Power On Status Clear DCL SDC Device Clear Selected Device Clear RST or SYSTem PRESet STATus PRESet C...

Страница 360: ...otation 346 Common Commands 348 Instrument Control Commands 350 CALCulate 350 CONFigure 424 DIAGnostic SERVice 426 DISPlay 427 FORMat 442 HCOPy 444 INITiate Ch 451 INPut 452 INSTrument 453 MEMory 454 MMEMory 456 OUTPut Pt 481 PROGram 482 SENSe 483 SOURce Ch 532 STATus 533 SYSTem 537 TRACe 549 TRIGger Ch 554 UNIT 555 ...

Страница 361: ... been implemented for compatibility reasons Commands for spectrum analyzer mode are reported in the separate R S ZVL K1 manual see section Network Analyzer and Spectrum Analyzer Mode in chapter 6 Information in the command tables All commands are described according to the same scheme The following information is provided Complete command syntax and parameter list Description of the command and it...

Страница 362: ...FORMat DATA ASCii REAL Key words in square brackets can be omitted when composing the command header see SCPI Command Structure and Syntax The complete command must be recognized by the instrument for reasons of compatibility with the SCPI standard Parameters in square brackets are optional as well They may be entered in the command or omitted Braces or curly brackets enclose one or more parameter...

Страница 363: ... Query query only OPC OPeration Complete sets bit 0 in the event status register when all preceding commands have been executed This bit can be used to initiate a service request The query form writes a 1 into the output buffer as soon as all preceding commands have been executed This is used for command synchronization Operation Complete OPT OPTion identification query queries the options include...

Страница 364: ...s byte in decimal form Status Byte Query query only TRG TRiGger triggers all actions waiting for a trigger event In particular TRG generates a manual trigger signal Manual Trigger This common command complements the commands of the TRIGger subsystem Trigger no query TST self TeST query triggers selftests of the instrument and returns an error code in decimal form Self Test Query query only WAI WAI...

Страница 365: ...so returned if no limit check is active at all 1 means that the limit checks for one or more traces failed RST value 0 SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example RST CALC LIM CONT 1 GHZ 2 GHZ Define an upper limit line segment in the stimulus range between 1 GHz and 2 GHz using default response values CALC LIM STAT ON FAIL Switch the limit check on and query the result CALC CLIM FAIL Qu...

Страница 366: ...or query Example 1 RST SWE POIN 20 Create a trace with 20 sweep points making the created trace the active trace of channel 1 omitted optional mnemonic SENSe1 CALC DATA FDAT Query the 20 response values of the created trace In the FDATa setting 20 comma separated ASCII values are returned CALC DATA STIM Query the 20 stimulus values of the created trace 20 comma separated ASCII values are returned ...

Страница 367: ...eceive Ports S parameter SCORr1 SCORr12 2 port error terms see SENSe Ch CORRection DATA 1 and 2 S11 S12 S21 S22 SCORr13 Directivity 3 S33 SCORr14 Source match 3 S33 SCORr15 Reflection tracking 3 S33 SCORr16 Isolation 3 S31 SCORr17 Load match 3 S31 SCORr18 Transmission tracking 3 S13 SCORr19 Isolation 1 S13 SCORr20 Load match 1 S13 SCORr21 Transmission tracking 1 S13 SCORr22 Isolation 3 S32 SCORr23...

Страница 368: ...ulus values of the active data or memory trace Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Parameters Range def unit The data is transferred in the data format defined via FORMat DATA The unit is the default unit of the sweep variable Hz or dBm or s RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example See CALCulate Chn DATA CALCulate Chn DLINe This subsystem controls the horizo...

Страница 369: ...sured data in order to obtain various display formats CALCulate Chn FORMat MLINear MLOGarithmic PHASe UPHase POLar SMITh ISMith GDELay REAL IMAGinary SWR COMPlex MAGNitude Defines how the measured result at any sweep point is post processed and presented in the graphical display Note The analyzer allows arbitrary combinations of display formats and measured quantities see Trace Format and CALCulat...

Страница 370: ... displayed in a polar diagram SMITh Magnitude and phase displayed in a Smith chart ISMith Magnitude and phase displayed in an inverted Smith chart GDELay Group delay displayed in a Cartesian diagram REAL Real part x displayed in a Cartesian diagram IMAGinary Imaginary part y displayed in a Cartesian diagram SWR Standing Wave Ratio SWR displayed in a Cartesian diagram COMPlex x y displayed in a pol...

Страница 371: ...pecific command or query Example RST CALC FILT TIME WIND DCH Reset the instrument and select a Dolph Chebyshev time gate for filtering the data in the frequency domain CALC FILT TIME DCH 25 Set the sideband suppression to 25 dB CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME SHAPe MAXimum WIDE NORMal MINimum Selects the time gate to be applied to the time domain transform Use the generalized command CALCulate Chn ...

Страница 372: ...nfirmed command or query Example See CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME CENTer CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME STARt start Defines the start time of the time gate Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace start Start time of the time gate Range def unit 100 s to 99 999999999998 s The increment parameters UP or DOWN is 0 1 ns s RST value 1E 009 s SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query ...

Страница 373: ...ve trace numeric_value Stop time of the time gate Range def unit 99 999999999998 s to 100 s The increment parameters UP or DOWN is 0 1 ns s RST value 4E 009 s SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example See CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME STARt Note If the stop frequency entered is smaller than the current start frequency CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME STARt the start frequency is set to ...

Страница 374: ...v Arbitrary gate shape Dolph Chebychev RST value HANN SCPI Command Types Confirmed with some device specific parameters command or query Example See CALCulate Chn FILTer GATE TIME DCHebychev CALCulate Chn GDAPerture This subsystem defines parameters for the group delay calculation CALCulate Chn GDAPerture SCOunt steps Defines the number of aperture steps for the group delay calculation Chn Channel...

Страница 375: ...s see CALCulate Chn LIMit UPPer DATA CALCulate Chn LIMit LOWer DATA The generated segments are upper or lower limit line segments depending on the CALCulate Chn LIMit SEGMent Seg TYPE setting CALCulate Chn LIMit CONTrol DATA does not overwrite the type setting To define additional new limit line segments without overwriting the old segments use CALCulate Chn LIMit DATA Chn Channel number used to i...

Страница 376: ...Defines the limit line type the stimulus and response values for a limit line with an arbitrary number of limit line segments In contrast to CALCulate Chn LIMit CONTrol DATA this command does not overwrite existing limit line segments The defined segments are appended to the segment list as new segments Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace type Identifier for the type of the limit ...

Страница 377: ... the stimulus range between 1 GHz and 1 5 GHz using default response values CALC LIM DATA 1 1500000000 2000000000 2 3 Define an upper limit line segment in the stimulus range between 1 5 GHz and 2 GHz assigning response values of 2 dBm and 3 dBm CALC LIM DEL ALL Delete both created limit line segments CALCulate Chn LIMit DISPlay STATe Boolean Displays or hides the entire limit line including all s...

Страница 378: ...nts are assigned even numbers 2 4 6 Rules for creating segments The following rules apply to an active trace with n existing upper and n existing lower limit line segments An odd number of values is rejected an error message 109 Missing parameter is generated An even number of 2 k values updates or generates k lower limit line segments For n k the response values of all existing lower limit line s...

Страница 379: ...ed limit line segments in horizontal direction Range def unit 1000 GHz to 1000 GHz Hz For distance to fault traces the default unit is the length unit defined via UNIT LENGth RST value 0 Hz response offset Response offset value used to shift all imported limit line segments in vertical direction Range def unit 10 12 dB to 10 12 dB dB RST value 0 dB trace name Name of the selected trace as used e g...

Страница 380: ...CALCulate Chn LIMit LOWer DATA The command does not affect segments with odd numbers Use CALCulate Chn LIMit STATe to switch on or off the entire limit check including upper and lower limit lines Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Boolean ON OFF Limit check on or off RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example CALC LIM LOW 10 0 0 10 Define the following lo...

Страница 381: ... Chn LIMit RDOMain COMPlex and CALCulate Chn LIMit RDOMain SPACing Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Parameters Keyword for the physical unit of the response values Range def unit The parameters form four groups COMPlex REAL IMAGinary and SWR select dimensionless numbers U for the limit line MAGNitude selects relative units dB PHASe selects phase units deg GDELay selects time un...

Страница 382: ...ST value The default response values of a segment that is created by defining its stimulus values only e g by means of CALCulate Chn LIMit CONTrol DATA is 20 dB SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example CALC LIM DATA 1 1500000000 2000000000 2 3 Define an upper limit line segment segment no 1 in the stimulus range between 1 5 GHz and 2 GHz assigning response values of 2 dBm and 3 dBm CA...

Страница 383: ...ponse 0 1 number of enabled or disabled limit line segments RST value 0 SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example CALC LIM DATA 1 1500000000 2000000000 2 3 Define an upper limit line segment segment no 1 in the stimulus range between 1 5 GHz and 2 GHz assigning response values of 2 dBm and 3 dBm CALC LIM SEGM COUNT Query the number of segments The response is 1 CALCulate Chn LIMit SEGM...

Страница 384: ...segment with a single command The response is 2 1000000 2000000 2 3 CALCulate Chn LIMit SEGMent Seg STIMulus STOP stop Changes the stop stimulus value i e the largest or smallest stimulus value of a limit line segment A segment must be created first to enable this command e g CALC LIM DATA To define the stimulus values of several limit line segments with a single command use CALCulate Chn LIMit CO...

Страница 385: ...k switched off limit line segment not deleted RST value LMAX SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example RST CALC LIM UPP 1 GHZ 2 GHZ Define an upper limit line segment in the stimulus range between 1 GHz and 2 GHz using default response values CALC LIM SEG TYPE LMIN Turn the defined limit line segment into a lower limit line segment CALCulate Chn LIMit STATe Switches the limit check inc...

Страница 386: ...no 2 k 1 2 n are deleted The existing lower limit line segments no 2 4 2 k are not affected For n k the response values of the upper limit line segments no 1 3 to 2 n 1 are updated the upper limit line segments 2 n 1 2 n 3 2 k 1 are generated with default stimulus values see CALCulate Chn LIMit CONTrol DATA In addition the missing lower limit line segments 2 n 2 2 n 4 2 k are generated with defaul...

Страница 387: ...stimulus values of the active trace shifted by 1 GHz to the right and increased by 10 dB to create an upper limit line CALC LIM UPP SHIF 3 CALC LIM CONT SHIF 1 GHz Shift the limit line by an additional 3 dB in vertical and by 1 GHz in horizontal direction If a lower limit line exists it is also shifted CALCulate Chn LIMit UPPer SHIFt offset Shifts all lower and upper limit line segments assigned t...

Страница 388: ...ds are device specific and beyond what is specified in the SCPI subsystem SOURce MARKer CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk AOFF Removes all markers from all traces of the active setup The removed markers remember their properties stimulus value format delta mode number when they are restored CALC Chn MARK Mk ON The marker properties are definitely lost if the associated trace is deleted Chn Channel number us...

Страница 389: ... in the format Bandwidth Center_Stimulus Q Loss LBE UBE where Bandwidth n dB bandwidth of the bandpass bandstop region where n is the selected x dB Bandwidth setting command CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth x dB Bandwidth Center_Stimulus Stimulus frequency at the center of the bandpass bandstop region the stimulus value of marker no 4 Q Quality factor i e the ratio between the center frequency and t...

Страница 390: ...se that the active setup contains two traces Trc1 and Trc2 assigned to channels no 1 and 2 respectively CALC1 PAR SEL TRC1 CALC1 MARK1 ON MARK2 ON Select Trc1 as the active trace and create the two markers no 1 and 2 The default position for both markers is the center of the sweep range CALC1 MARK COUP ON Create two markers no 1 and 2 on Trc 2 and couple them to the markers of Trc 1 CALCulate Chn ...

Страница 391: ...below RST value DEFault SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example Suppose that the active setup contains an active trace no 1 CALC MARK ON CALC MARK FORM Create marker 1 assign it to the trace no 1 and query its format The analyzer returns the format of the active trace Assume that the marker result is given by the complex quantity z x jy The meaning of the parameters is as follo...

Страница 392: ...vice specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion BWIDth MODE BPASs BSTop BPRMarker BSRMarker BPAB BSAB Selects the bandfilter search mode Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 This numeric suffix is ignored and may be set to any value because the bandfilter search functions always use mar...

Страница 393: ...lta mode RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion DOMain USER numeric_value Assigns a search range no numeric_value to marker no Mk and selects the search range e g in order to define the start and stop values Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 numeric_value Number of the search range ...

Страница 394: ...ER numeric_value Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 numeric_value End of the search range Range def unit Maximum allowed sweep range depending on the instrument model and on the sweep type Hz dBm or s depending on the sweep type RST value 0 Hz SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion DOM...

Страница 395: ...earch The results are queried using CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion RESult Returns the result stimulus and response value of a search started by means of CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion EXECute The search must be executed before the command is enabled Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 This numeric suffix is i...

Страница 396: ...lute maximum in the search range see CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion DOMain USER numeric_value MINimum Absolute maximum in the search range RPEak Next valid peak to the right of the current marker position LPEak Next valid peak to the left NPEak Next highest value among the valid peaks TARGet Target value see CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk TARget RTARget Next target value to the right of the current mar...

Страница 397: ...Note This command is the ZVR compatible equivalent of CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk TARget Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 numeric_value Target search value of marker no Mk Range def unit Depending on the format of the active trace CALCulate Chn FORMat For a dB Mag trace the range is 300 dB to 200 dB the increment UP DOWN is 0 1 dB dB deg etc de...

Страница 398: ...e positioned on any point of the trace and its response values are obtained by interpolation DISCrete marker can be set to discrete sweep points only RST value CONT SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example Suppose that the active setup contains an active trace no 1 CALC MARK MODE DISC MARK2 CONT Create marker 1 in discrete mode and marker 2 in continuous mode CALC MARK ON MARK2 ...

Страница 399: ...oves the marker RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example Suppose that the active setup contains an active trace no 1 CALC MARK REF ON CALC MARK ON Create the reference marker and marker 1 and assign them to trace no 1 The default position of both markers is the center of the sweep range CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk REFerence TYPE NORMal FIXed Sets the reference to norma...

Страница 400: ...he active setup contains an active trace no 1 and that the sweep range for a frequency sweep starts at 1 GHz CALC MARK REF ON Create the reference marker and display it in the center of the sweep range CALC MARK REF X 1GHz Set the reference marker to the beginning of the sweep range CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk REFerence Y Returns the response in Cartesian diagrams y axis value of the reference marker ...

Страница 401: ...pecific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk BWIDth CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk SEARch IMMediate Initiates a search according to the search function selected with CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion SELect The marker must be created before using CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk STATe ON Note Together with CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion SELect this command is the ZVR compatible equivalent of CALC...

Страница 402: ...mand Types Device specific no query CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk SEARch RIGHt Selects a search mode for marker no Mk and initiates a search for the next valid peak to the right The marker must be created before using CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk STATe ON Note This command is the ZVR compatible equivalent of CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk FUNCtion EXECute RPEak Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace M...

Страница 403: ... the active trace Mk Marker number in the range 1 to 10 If unspecified the numeric suffix is set to 1 Boolean ON OFF Creates or removes the marker RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example Suppose that the active setup contains an active trace no 1 CALC MARK ON MARK2 ON Create markers 1 and 2 and assign them to trace no 1 The default position of both markers is the ...

Страница 404: ...urrent response value RST value NORMal SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example CALC MARK ON CALC MARK TYPE FIX Create marker 1and display it in the center of the sweep range as a fixed marker CALC MARK X 1GHz Shift the marker horizontally The response value remains fixed CALCulate Chn MARKer Mk X numeric_value Defines the stimulus in Cartesian diagrams x axis value of the marke...

Страница 405: ...ON Create marker no 1 and display it in the center of the sweep range CALC MARK Y Query the measurement value at the marker position CALCulate Chn MATH This subsystem permits processing of measured data in numerical expression format The operators are and use of constants and data arrays are permitted CALCulate Chn MATH FUNCtion NORMal SUBTract DIVide Defines a simple mathematical relation between...

Страница 406: ...ssociated copied data trace The exact function of the command depends on the number of memory traces associated with the active data trace If no memory trace is associated to the active trace a new memory trace is generated If several memory traces are associated with the active trace the current measurement data overwrites the last generated or changed memory trace To copy a trace to the memory w...

Страница 407: ...R1 S11 CALCulate Ch PARameter DEFine string S11 S12 S21 S22 Creates a trace and assigns a channel number a name and a measurement parameter to it The trace is not displayed To display a trace defined via CALCulate Ch PARameter DEFine a window must be created DISPlay WINDow Wnd STATe ON and the trace must be assigned to this window DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe FEED see example below Traces must be sele...

Страница 408: ...s the only trace assigned to channel 4 the response is CH4TR1 S11 CALC4 PAR DEL CH4TR1 Delete the created trace CALCulate Ch PARameter MEASure string S11 Y S11 Z S11 Assigns a measurement parameter to an existing trace Note To create a new trace and at the same time assign the attributes use CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine To display the trace create a window DISPlay WINDow Wnd STATe ON and assign ...

Страница 409: ...ow Wnd TRACe FEED see example below CALCulate Ch PARameter MEASure changes the measurement parameter of an existing trace To select an existing trace as the active trace use CALCulate PARameter SELect You can open the trace manager DISPlay MENU KEY EXECute Trace Manager to obtain an overview of all channels and traces including the traces that are not displayed In FW versions V1 90 traces created ...

Страница 410: ... be considered for the Y and Z parameter measurement to n m CALCulate Ch PARameter SELect string Selects an existing trace as the active trace of the channel All trace commands without explicit reference to the trace name act on the active trace e g CALCulate Ch FORMat CALCulate Ch PARameter SELect is also necessary if the active trace of a channel has been deleted Ch Channel number string Trace n...

Страница 411: ...n arbitrary number of ripple limit ranges assigning the stimulus values and the ripple limits This command does not overwrite existing ripple limit ranges The defined ranges are appended to the range list as new ranges Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace type Identifier for the type of the ripple limit range Range def unit 0 Ripple limit range off range defined but no limit check ...

Страница 412: ... 1 1500000000 2000000000 3 1 2000000000 3000000000 5 Define and enable a ripple limit range in the stimulus range between 1 5 GHz and 2 GHz assigning a ripple limit of 3 dBm Define and enable a second ripple limit range in the stimulus range between 2 GHz and 3 GHz assigning a ripple limit of 5 dBm CALC RIPP DEL ALL Delete both created ripple limit ranges CALCulate Chn RIPPle DISPlay STATe Boolean...

Страница 413: ...uery the result CALCulate Chn RIPPle RDOMain FORMat COMPlex MAGNitude PHASe REAL IMAGinary SWR GDELay L C Deletes the existing ripple limit ranges and re defines the physical unit of the ripple limit The units of the stimulus values are defined via CALCulate Chn RIPPle CONTrol DOMain Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Parameters Keyword for the physical unit of the response value...

Страница 414: ...ge between 2 GHz and 3 GHz assigning a ripple limit of 5 dBm CALC RIPP SEGM COUNT Query the number of ranges The response is 2 CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGMent Seg LIMit limit_value Defines the ripple limit for ripple limit range no Seg A range must be created first to enable this command e g CALCulate Chn RIPPle DATA To define several ripple limit ranges with a single command use CALCulate Chn RIPPle...

Страница 415: ...k results are displayed in the diagram area CALC RIPP SEGM2 RES Query the result for the second range Possible response 0 1 149071925 CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGMent Seg STIMulus STARt start_value Changes the start stimulus value i e the smallest stimulus value of a ripple limit range A range must be created first to enable this command e g CALCulate Chn RIPPle DATA To define several ripple limit ran...

Страница 416: ... UNIT LENGth RST value no ripple limit line defined after RST SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example See CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGMent Seg STIMulus STARt CALCulate Chn RIPPle SEGMent Seg STATe Boolean Enables or disables the limit check in the ripple limit range no Seg Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Seg Segment number Boolean ON OFF Limit check on or off A resul...

Страница 417: ... Range def unit 0 05 to 100 A smoothing aperture of n means that the smoothing interval for each sweep point i with stimulus value xi is equal to xi span n 200 xi span n 200 and that the result of i is replaced by the arithmetic mean value of all measurement points in this interval RST value 1 SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example RST CALC SMO ON Activate smoothing for the de...

Страница 418: ...ion range The response is zero i e the evaluation range is equal to the complete sweep range CALC STAT DOM USER 1 CALC STAT DOM USER STARt 1GHZ STOP 2GHZ Select evaluation range no 1 and define the evaluation range between 1 GHz and 2 GHz CALCulate Chn STATistics DOMain USER STARt numeric_value Defines the start value of the evaluation range selected via CALCulate Chn STATistics DOMain USER Chn Ch...

Страница 419: ...PI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn STATistics STATe CALCulate Chn STATistics MMPTpeak STATe Boolean Displays or hides the Min Max Peak Peak results in the diagram area of trace no Chn Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Boolean ON OFF Statistical info field on or off RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example ...

Страница 420: ...ues observing the order used above Range def unit The data is returned as a comma separated list of real numbers The unit is the default unit of the measured parameter see CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine but also depends on the trace format linear or logarithmic scale see CALCulate Chn FORMat If a polar trace format is selected then the statistical parameters are calculated from the linear magnitud...

Страница 421: ...he instrument hiding all statistical results Display the Min Max Peak Peak results CALC STAT MSTD ON Display the Mean Std Dev results in addition CALC STAT RMS ON Display the RMS results in addition CALC STAT EPD ON Display the Phase Delay El Length results in addition CALC STAT OFF Hide all results CALCulate Chn TRANsform This subsystem converts measured data from one representation to another an...

Страница 422: ...meric_value Center time of the diagram in time domain Range def unit 99 99999999999 s to 99 99999999999 s The increment parameters UP or DOWN is 0 1 ns s RST value 1 5E 009 s SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example RST CALC TRAN TIME STAT ON Reset the instrument activating a frequency sweep and enable the time domain transformation for the default trace CALC TRAN TIME CENT 0 SPAN 5ns...

Страница 423: ...Top Keep stop frequency and number of points KDFRequency Keep frequency gap and number of points KSDFRequency Keep stop frequency and approximate frequency gap RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query the command causes an event Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME TYPE CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam numeric_value Defines the DC value for low pass transforms The comma...

Страница 424: ...ether continuous extrapolation for the DC value is enabled Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Boolean ON Continuous extrapolation enabled OFF Continuous extrapolation disabled RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME LPASs DCSParam EXTRapolate Extrapolates the measured tr...

Страница 425: ...ME CENTer Note If the x axis is scaled in distance units CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME XAXis DISTance then the span is entered in m the range and default value changes accordingly CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME STARt numeric_value Defines the start time of the diagram in time domain Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace numeric_value Start time of the diagram Range def unit 100 s to 99...

Страница 426: ... time domain The response is 0 CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME STIMulus STEP IMPulse Selects the type of stimulus to be simulated in the low pass transformation process Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Parameters IMPulse Impulse response in bandpass or lowpass mode STEP Step response only in lowpass mode a bandpass mode setting CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME TYPE BPASs is automatica...

Страница 427: ...r step response depending on CALCulate Chn TRANsform TIME STIMulus setting RST value BPASs SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example RST CALC TRAN TIME STAT ON Reset the instrument activating a frequency sweep and enable the time domain transformation for the default trace CALC TRAN TIME LPAS TIME STIM STEP Select a low pass step transformation CALC TRAN TIME LPAS KFST Calculate a harm...

Страница 428: ...ng to distance units CALCulate Chn TRANSform DTFault This subsystem controls the distance to fault measurement with option ZVL K2 Distance to Fault CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault CENTer distance Defines the center distance of the distance to fault diagram Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace distance Center distance Range def unit 4 999 m to 9 999 m The increment parameters UP or ...

Страница 429: ... named User 1 with permittivity 1 1 and an attenuation of 0 2 dB m at 1 GHz CALC TRAN DTF SEL User 1 Select the added cable for the distance to fault measurement CALC TRAN DTF DEL User 1 Delete the added cable CALCulate Ch TRANsform DTFault DELete cable name Deletes a previously defined cable identified by its name Ch Channel number Note that the cable type is channel specific rather than trace sp...

Страница 430: ...N a SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault PEAK THReshold CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault PEAK STATe Boolean Enables or disables the fault limit check Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Boolean ON OFF Limit check on or off RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFaul...

Страница 431: ... RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault STATe CALCulate Ch TRANsform DTFault SELect cable name Selects a standard cable or a previously defined cable identified by its name Ch Channel number Note that the cable type is channel specific rather than trace specific cable name Cable name used to identify the cable RST value SCPI Command Types ...

Страница 432: ...orm DTFault SPAN CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault STATe Boolean Enables or disables the distance to fault measurement In contrast to manual control the number of points is not automatically re adjusted CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault POINts Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace Boolean ON Distance to fault measurement active OFF Distance to fault measurement active RST value OFF SCPI...

Страница 433: ...og RST value 10 m SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault CENTer Note If the stop frequency entered is smaller than the current start frequency CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault STARt the start frequency is set to the stop frequency minus the minimum distance span of 1 mm CALCulate Chn TRANsform DTFault SPAN CALCulate Ch TRANsform VNETworks Thi...

Страница 434: ...els RST value see command type description below numeric_value Capacitance C no for the specified circuit model Range def unit 1mF to 1 mF F The increment is 1 fF 10 15 F RST value 1 pF 10 12 F SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query In the query form the numeric_value parameter must be omitted The command returns the capacitance value for the specified circuit model Example RST CALC T...

Страница 435: ...Specifies the resistance values R1 R2 R3 in the different circuit models for deembedding Ch Channel number Ph_pt Physical port number no Number of resistance in circuit model If unspecified the numeric suffix is set to 1 Range def unit 1 to 3 The number of resistances depends on the selected circuit model Parameters Possible circuit models character data see circuit models RST value see command ty...

Страница 436: ...NETworks SENDed DEEMbedding Ph_pt TNDefini tion FIMPort CSL LSC CSC LSL SLC SCL SCC SLL Selects the circuit model for deembedding Ch Channel number Ph_pt Physical port number Parameters Possible circuit models character data see circuit models RST value CSL SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See CALCulate Ch TRANsform VNETworks SENDed DEEMbedding STATe CALCulate Ch TRANsfo...

Страница 437: ...ical port number no Number of inductance in circuit model If unspecified the numeric suffix is set to 1 Range def unit 1 to 3 The number of inductances depends on the selected circuit model Parameters Possible circuit models character data see circuit models RST value see command type description below numeric_value Inductance L no for the specified circuit model Range def unit 1H to 1 H H The inc...

Страница 438: ...e specified circuit model Example RST CALC TRAN VNET SEND EMB PAR R1 CSL R2 CSL Query the default resistances for the Serial C shunt L circuit model The response is 10000000 0 CALC TRAN VNET SEND EMB PAR R2 CSL 2 2E 3 Increase the resistance R2 to 2 2 kV CALCulate Ch TRANsform VNETworks SENDed EMBedding Ph_pt STATe Boolean Enables or disables the embedding function It is allowed to change the circ...

Страница 439: ...omma separated list of channel numbers and names see example below If all channels have been deleted the response is an empty string RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example RST CONF CHAN2 STAT ON NAME New Channel Create channel 2 and assign the channel name New Channel CONF CHAN CAT Query all channels and their names As a default channel no 1 is created on RST the response ...

Страница 440: ... selects it as the active channel CONFigure CHANnel Ch NAME defines the channel name A channel created with CONFigure CHANnel Ch STATe ON can be configured but has no trace assigned so that no measurement can be initiated Use CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine Trace_name Parameter to create a new channel and a new trace In remote control it is possible to remove all channels This is in contrast to man...

Страница 441: ...h2Trc2 S11 Create channel 2 and a new trace named Ch2Trc2 CONF TRAC CAT Query all traces and their names As a default trace no 1 is created upon RST the response is 1 TRC1 2 Ch2Trc2 CONF TRAC NAME ID Ch2Trc2 Query the trace number for the trace named Ch2Trc2 The response is 2 CONF TRAC2 NAME Query the trace name for trace no 2 The response is Ch2Trc2 CONF TRAC CHAN NAME Ch2Trc2 Query the channel n...

Страница 442: ...ent RGB red green blue Element Numeric suffix not used in this command Implemented for compatibility with DISPlay CMAP Element RGB Boolean ON All markers have the same color to be defined via DISPlay CMAP6 RGB red green blue The marker color is independent of the trace colors OFF Each marker has the color of the associated trace RST value RST does not affect the color settings see also description...

Страница 443: ...r Mkr 1 CALC PAR SDEF TRC2 S11 DISP WIND TRAC2 FEED TRC2 Create a new trace named TRC2 and display the trace in diagram area no 1 Note that the new trace automatically becomes the active trace CALC MARK2 ON Assign a marker Mkr 2 to the trace Both markers are displayed with the same color DISP CMAP13 RGB 1 0 0 DISP CMAP14 RGB 0 1 0 Color the first trace red the second trace green DISP CMAP6 RGB Que...

Страница 444: ... 11 Limit Line Type Upper 12 Limit Line Type Lower 13 Trace 1 14 Trace 2 15 Trace 3 16 Trace 4 17 Trace 5 18 Trace 6 19 Trace 7 20 Trace 8 21 Trace 9 22 Trace 10 23 Trace 11 24 Trace 12 25 Trace 13 26 Trace 14 27 Trace 15 28 Trace 16 DISPlay CMAP Element TRACe COLor STATe Boolean Defines the trace color schemes in different diagram areas ...

Страница 445: ...s red like the first trace DISP CMAP TRAC COL ON DISP WIND3 STAT ON Continue the same color scheme in new diagram areas Create a new diagram area no 3 CALC PAR SDEF TRC3 S22 DISP WIND3 TRAC3 FEED TRC3 Create a new trace named TRC3 and display the trace in a new diagram area no 3 The new trace is not red DISPlay MENU KEY EXECute menu_key Executes the function of a key with a specified name and swit...

Страница 446: ...ified key menu_key Name of the key as shown in the analyzer s softkey bar case sensitive string variable RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example RST DISP MENU KEY SEL S11 Open the Trace Meas menu in order to select a measured quantity DISPlay PSAVe HOLDoff holdoff time Sets the holdoff time for the powersave mode of the display holdoff time Holdoff time for the powersave mode...

Страница 447: ...Wnd is displayed on top of the others Boolean ON OFF Maximize all diagram areas or restore the previous display configuration RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query returns whether or not the diagrams are maximized Example RST DISP WIND2 STAT ON Create diagram areas no 1 with default trace and 2 with no trace DISP WIND2 MAXimize ON Maximize the diagram areas placing area...

Страница 448: ...e default diagram area The title is displayed below the top of the diagram area DISP WIND TITL OFF TITL DATA Hide the title The title is no longer displayed but still defined so it can be displayed again DISPlay WINDow Wnd TITLe STATe Boolean Displays or hides the title for area number Wnd defined by means of DISPlay WINDow Wnd TITLe DATA Wnd Number of the diagram area Boolean ON OFF Displays or h...

Страница 449: ...ssigns an existing trace CALCulate Ch PARameter SDEFine Trace_Name to a diagram area Wnd and displays the trace Use DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr FEED to assign the trace to a diagram area using a numeric suffix e g in order to use the DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr Y OFFSet command You can open the trace manager DISPlay MENU KEY EXECute Trace Manager to obtain an overview of all channels and tra...

Страница 450: ...d by means of DISPlay WINDow Wnd STATe ON WndTr Trace number used to distinguish the traces of the same diagram area Wnd trace_name String parameter for the trace name e g Trc4 RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example CALC4 PAR SDEF Ch4Tr1 S11 Create channel 4 and a trace named Ch4Tr1 to measure the input reflection coefficient S11 DISP WIND2 STAT ON Create diagram area no 2 D...

Страница 451: ... diagram area no 2 and display the generated trace in the diagram area DISP TRAC SHOW DALL OFF Hide both traces in both diagrams DISP TRAC SHOW DALL Query whether all data traces are displayed The response 0 means that at least one trace is hidden DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr X OFFSet offset Shifts the trace WndTr in horizontal direction leaving the positions of all markers unchanged Wnd Number ...

Страница 452: ...38 to 3 4 10 38 RST value 0 SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example RST DISP WIND TRAC X OFFS 1MHZ DISP WIND TRAC Y OFFS 10 Create the default trace and shift it horizontally by 1 MHz vertically by 10 dB DISP WIND TRAC Y OFFS Query all response offset values The response is 10 0 0 0 DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr Y SCALe AUTO ONCE trace_name Displays the entire trace in the diagram a...

Страница 453: ...ng trace number assigned by means of DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr FEED This suffix is ignored if the optional trace_name parameter is used lower_value Value and unit for the lower diagram edge Range def unit Range and unit depend on the measured quantity see Units for DISPlay Commands RST value Depending on the measured quantity The default lower edge for a dB Mag diagram is 80 dB trace_name Opt...

Страница 454: ...f unit Range and unit depend on the measured quantity see Units for DISPlay Commands RST value Depending on the measured quantity The default reference level for an S parameter displayed in a dB Mag diagram is 10 dB trace_name Optional string parameter for the trace name e g Trc4 If this optional parameter is present both numeric suffixes are ignored trace names must be unique across different cha...

Страница 455: ...nal parameter is present both numeric suffixes are ignored trace names must be unique across different channels and windows RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed with query Example CALC4 PAR SDEF Ch4Tr1 S11 Create channel 4 and a trace named Ch4Tr1 to measure the input reflection coefficient S11 DISP WIND2 STAT ON Create diagram area no 2 DISP WIND2 TRAC9 FEED CH4TR1 Display the generated trace i...

Страница 456: ...umber 9 to it DISP WIND2 TRAC9 Y RPOS 50 or DISP WIND2 TRAC Y RPOS 50 CH4TR1 Set the reference position to the center of the diagram area DISPlay WINDow Wnd TRACe WndTr Y SCALe TOP upper_value trace_name Sets the upper maximum edge of the diagram area Wnd Wnd Number of an existing diagram area defined by means of DISPlay WINDow Wnd STATe ON This suffix is ignored if the optional trace_name paramet...

Страница 457: ...DEG UDEG NDEG PDEG Group delay S MS US NS PS Impedance OHM GOHM MOHM KOHM Admittance SIE MSIE USIE NSIE Inductance H MH UH NH PH FH Capacitance F MF UF NF PF FF Dimensionless UNIT MUNIT UUNIT NUNIT PUNIT FUNIT FORMat This subsystem sets a data format for transferring numeric and array information from and to the analyzer FORMat BORDer NORMal SWAPped Controls whether binary data is transferred in n...

Страница 458: ...optional length parameter is needed for REAL format only It defines the length of the floating point numbers in bits Valid values are 32 and 64 RST value ASCII The default length of REAL data is 32 bits single precision SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example FORM REAL 32 Select real data format SYST COMM GPIB RTER EOI Set the terminator to EOI During a calibration CORR CDAT REFLTRAC...

Страница 459: ...with the numeric suffix 1 2 Part of the functionality of this system is included in the File menu HCOPy IMMediate config numeric_value Starts a hardcopy output config 1 2 Printer configuration to be used for the hardcopy output If there is no suffix configuration 1 is automatically selected numeric_value 1 2 Starts the hardcopy output to device 1 default or 2 RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed...

Страница 460: ... a hardcopy to the selected default settings Element Numeric suffix not used in this command numeric_value DEFault1 SCREEN COLORS but background white DEFault2 OPTIMIZED COLOR SET DEFault3 USER DEFINED color set RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example HCOP CMAP DEF2 Selects the optimized color set for the color settings of a hardcopy HCOPy CMAP Element HSL hue sat lum Defines the c...

Страница 461: ... CMAP2 HSL 0 3 0 8 1 0 Changes the grid color The numeric suffixes Element denote the following display elements Element Display Element 1 Background 2 Grid 3 Function field status field data entry text 4 Function field LED on 5 Function field LED warn 6 Enhancement label text 7 Status field background 8 Trace 1 9 Trace 2 10 Trace 3 11 Marker 12 Lines 13 Measurement status limit check pass 14 Limi...

Страница 462: ...fined colors using predefined color values To each numeric suffix of CMAP is assigned one or several picture elements which can be modified by varying the corresponding color setting Element Number of the display element For details on the CMAP assignment refer to HCOPy CMAP Element HSL Range def unit 1 to 27 BLACk LMAGenta Predefined colors RST value Note The values set are not changed by RST SCP...

Страница 463: ... destination SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example SYST COMM PRIN SEL2 LASER on LPT1 Selects the printer and output medium for device 2 HCOP DEST2 SYST COMM PRIN Selects the printer interface as device 2 HCOPy DEVice COLor Boolean Selects between color and monochrome hardcopy of the screen Boolean ON Selects the color hardcopy mode OFF Selects the monochrome hardcopy mode RST value...

Страница 464: ...nt to file and create the printer file specified before HCOPy ITEM ALL Selects the complete screen to be output The hardcopy output is always provided with comments title time and date As an alternative to the whole screen e g only traces HCOPy ITEM WINDow TRACe STATe command can be output RST value After a reset the complete information is printed SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example HCO...

Страница 465: ...EM WINDow TRACe STATe command and the HCOPy ITEM ALL command enable the output of the whole screen numeric_suffix The numeric suffixes 1 2 are irrelevant for this command Boolean ON OFF Selects or deselects the output of the currently displayed trace RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example HCOP ITEM WIND TRACe STAT ON HCOPy PAGE ORIentation device PORTrait LANDsca...

Страница 466: ...ion of the trigger system and defines the scope of the triggered measurement INITiate Ch CONTinuous Boolean Qualifies whether the analyzer measures in single sweep or in continuous sweep mode Ch Channel number The channel is ignored because the command affects all channels Boolean ON The analyzer measures continuously repeating the current sweep OFF The measurement is stopped after the number of s...

Страница 467: ...IMMediate SCOPe ALL is active this suffix is ignored RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example See INITiate Ch CONTinuous INITiate Ch IMMediate SCOPe ALL SINGle Selects the scope of the single sweep sequence The setting is applied in single sweep mode only INITiate Ch CONTinuous OFF Ch Channel number The channel is ignored because the command affects all channels ALL INITiate Ch IMMe...

Страница 468: ...est ports are not affected SENS1 POW ATT BREC Query the receiver step attenuator setting at port 2 and for channel no 1 The response is 10 INSTrument This subsystem identifies and selects particular resources SCPI logical instruments of the analyzer INSTrument NSELect code_no This command switches between the measurement modes by means of numbers code_no 2 Network analyzer mode 1 Spectrum analyzer...

Страница 469: ...mands NOISe Noise figure and gain measurements option FSL K30 BWCD WCDMA measurements 3GPP FDD BTS option FSL K72 WLAN WLAN OFDM analysis option FSL K91 WiMAX WiMAX OFDM OFDMA analysis option FSL K93 ADEM AM FM M measurement demodulator option FSL K7 BTO Bluetooth measurements option FSL K8 RST value NWA SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example INST SAN Switch the instrument to spectr...

Страница 470: ...tup_name Creates a new setup setup_name using default settings for the traces channels and diagram areas The created setup becomes the active setup setup_name String parameter to specify the name of the created setup RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example See MEM CAT MEMory DELete NAME file_name Closes the specified setup setup_name String parameter to specify the name of th...

Страница 471: ...e file_name can contain the complete path including the drive name and all subdirectories e g C TEMP TRASH test txt for the file named test txt in the TEMP TRASH subdirectory of the internal hard disk drive C If no complete path is specified the file location is relative to the current directory queried with MMEMory CDIRectory The file name itself may contain the period as a separator for extensio...

Страница 472: ...e directory_name String parameter to specify the directory RST value A RST does not change the current directory SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query without parameter returns the current directory Example MMEM CDIR C Documents and Settings NetworkService Application Data Change to the specified directory MMEMory CLEar ALL Deletes all device settings in the current directory The current d...

Страница 473: ...A SETUP ZVL DFL E Copy file Setup zvl dfl in directory C USER DATA to the external storage medium mapped to drive E MMEMory DATA file_name data Loads data into the file file_name The delimiter must be set to EOI SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB SELF RTERminator EOI to obtain error free data transfer file_name String parameter to specify the name of the file data Data in 488 2 block data format The delimite...

Страница 474: ...s Device specific no query Example See MMEMory LOAD CORRection MMEMory LOAD AUTO 1 FACTORY file_name Defines which device settings are automatically loaded after the device is switched on The contents of the file are read after switching on the device and used to define the new device state The data set defined as auto recall set can also be restored by the RST command FACTORY Deactivates the star...

Страница 475: ...s RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example MMEM LOAD CKIT C R_S Instr user Nwa Calibration Kits New_kit calkit Load the previously created cal kit file New_kit calkit from the default cal kit directory MMEM STOR CKIT New_kit C R_S Instr user Nwa Calibration Kits New_kit calkit Store the data for the user defined cal kit Newkit and overwrite the cal kit file New_kit calkit MMEM...

Страница 476: ...from the current directory in order to define the properties of an Open m standard in the cal kit named Default Kit for the N 50 R connector type Assign the label Test data and specify that the data standard data is only valid for port no 1 Connector and cal kit naming conventions Connector and calibration kit names must be entered as string parameters The strings contain the connector and cal kit...

Страница 477: ...S Instr user Nwa Calibration Data RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example MMEM STOR CORR 1 Calgroup1 cal Copy the current correction data set of channel 1 to a cal group file Calgroup1 cal CONF CHAN2 STAT ON MMEM LOAD CORR 2 Calgroup1 cal Apply the stored correction data to channel 2 MMEM LOAD CORR RES 2 Calgroup1 cal Undo the previous action Resolve the link causing channel ...

Страница 478: ... file to be loaded The default extension manual control for limit line files is limit although other extensions are allowed If no path is specified the analyzer searches the current directory to be queried with MMEMory CDIRectory See also note on Touchstone files above RST value param_name String parameter selects an S parameter from a Touchstone file The parameter must be compatible with the file...

Страница 479: ... line file and assign the limit lines to Trc1 applying a response offset of 2 dB CALC LIMit DISPlay ON Show the limit line in the diagram MMEMory LOAD NWANalyzer numeric_value file_name Loads configuration data from a specified setup file and sets the analyzer to the corresponding instrument state numeric_value 1 the numeric_value is used for compatibility with the SCPI standard but is ignored fil...

Страница 480: ...CPI Command Types Device specific no query Example Assume that the current setup contains two traces named Trc1 and Trc2 respectively and that ripple limits have been defined for Trc1 MMEM STOR RIPP TRC1 C Rohde Schwarz NWA LIMitLines Lim_Trc1 limit Store the ripple limit definition of Trc1 to a ripple limit file MMEM LOAD RIPP TRC2 C Rohde Schwarz NWA LIMitLines Lim_Trc1 limit Load the previously...

Страница 481: ...r to the corresponding instrument state numeric_value 1 the numeric_value is used for compatibility with the SCPI standard but is ignored file_name String parameter to specify the name and directory of the settings file to be loaded The default extension for settings files is zvl dfl see MMEMory STORe STATe This extension may be omitted when a settings file is loaded If no path is specified the an...

Страница 482: ... and dat for Touchstone ASCII and Matlab files are mandatory parameter_name Optional string parameter for imported Touchstone files for more than one port s2p s3p s4p denotes the imported S parameter S11 S12 If nothing is specified the first trace in the specified file is imported RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example Assume that the current setup contains a trace named Trc1 MMEM...

Страница 483: ... s2p data shunt L circuit model MMEM LOAD VNET SEND DEEM2 C Rohde Schwarz NWA VNETWORKS Test s2p Load a Touchstone file and assign it to the physical port no 2 MMEMory LOAD VNETworks Ch SENDed EMBedding Ph_pt file_name Loads data from a specified two port sp2 Touchstone file defining the characteristics of the current embedded single ended port circuit model The single ended port circuit model inv...

Страница 484: ..._destination Moves a file to the indicated directory and stores it under the file name specified if any If file_destination contains no path indication the command renames the file without moving it file_source file_destination String parameters to specify the name and the path of the file to be copied and the name and the path of the new file RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Exampl...

Страница 485: ...ry to be queried with MMEMory CDIRectory RST value C R_S Instr user Print SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example MMEM NAME C Screenshots PLOT1 BMP Define a printer file name to be stored in the existing directory C Screenshots without creating the file HCOP DEST MMEM HCOP Select Print to file and create the printer file specified before MMEMory NETWork DISConnect drive_name Disconne...

Страница 486: ...ble disable reconnect at logon RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example See MMEMory NETWork DISConnect MMEMory NETWork UNUSeddrives Lists all unused network drive names RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example See MMEMory NETWork DISConnect MMEMory NETWork USEDdrives Boolean List all used network drives Boolean ON include folder information OFF list of d...

Страница 487: ...Types Device specific no query Example MMEM SEL DEFault Set the default list of device settings MMEMory SELect ITEM HWSettings Boolean Includes the hardware settings in the list of data subsets of a device setting to be stored loaded The hardware settings include current configuration of general device parameters general setup current setting of the measurement hardware including markers activated...

Страница 488: ...nd Types Device specific no query Example MMEM SEL LIN ALL ON Select the limit lines MMEMory SELect ITEM NONE Deletes all data subsets from the list of device settings to be stored loaded RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example MMEM SEL NONE Exclude all data subsets MMEMory SELect ITEM TRACe ACTive Boolean Adds the active traces to the list of data subsets of a save recall de...

Страница 489: ...emp they are not copied to the default directories for cable description files MMEMory STORe CKIT kit_name file_name Stores the data of a calibration kit to a specified file kit_name Name of a user defined calibration kit available on the analyzer It is not possible to modify or store predefined or ideal kits file_name String parameter to specify the name and directory of the cal kit file to be cr...

Страница 490: ...Nwa Calibration Data directory Ch Channel number file_name String parameter to specify the name of the created cal group file The directory path must not be specified the analyzer always uses the default cal pool directory C R_S Instr user Nwa Calibration Data RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example See MMEMory LOAD CORRection MMEMory STORe LIMit trc_name file_name Saves the ...

Страница 491: ...1GHz Create marker no 1 and place it to 1 GHz CALC MARK2 ON MARK2 X 2GHz Create a second marker and place it to 2 GHz MMEM STOR MARK Marker txt Store the marker values to an ASCII file The file contains both marker values MMEMory STORe NWANalyzer numeric_value file_name Stores the configuration data of the current setup to a specified setup file MMEMory STORe NWANalyzer renames the current setup a...

Страница 492: ...es Device specific no query Example See MMEMory LOAD LIMit MMEMory STORe SEGMent Ch file_name Saves the sweep segment definition of a specified channel to a sweep segment file Sweep segments are defined using the SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg commands Ch Channel number file_name String parameter to specify the name and directory of the created sweep segment file The default extension manual control for swe...

Страница 493: ...Culte Ch PARameter SDEFine command s n p Touchstone files n 1 2 3 are intended for a complete set of n port S parameters Data export fails if the active channel does not contain the full set of n 2 traces If the necessary trace are available trc_name can be the name of any of the traces trc_name Name of an existing data trace in the active setup string parameter file_name String parameter to speci...

Страница 494: ...tion dialog Nwa Setup System Config to reset the settings MMEMory STORe TRACe USER CINFormation Boolean Qualifies whether the calibration information is included in the custom header Boolean ON OFF calibration information included omitted RST value ON after Use Default Directories SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example MMEM STORe TRAC USER IINF OFF DATE OFF CINF OFF Omit instr...

Страница 495: ...nd Types Device specific command or query Example See MMEMory STORe TRACe USER CINFormation MMEMory STORe TRACe USER STATe Boolean Qualifies whether the custom header is written to the trace file Boolean ON OFF custom header used not used RST value OFF after Use Default Directories SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See MMEMory STORe TRACe USER CINFormation MMEMory STORe T...

Страница 496: ... affects the measured quantity If a wave quantity or a ratio is measured the drive port is independent from the measured quantity Note This command is equivalent to SENSe Chn SWEep SRCPort Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace If unspecified the numeric suffix is set to 1 PORT1 Test port number of the analyzer 1 to 2 RST value PORT1 SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Exam...

Страница 497: ...mand Command name in the selected application file_name optional RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example PROG SEL NAME PROG Selects general program execution on the analyzer MMEM CDIR C Program Files Rohde Schwarz Network Analyzer Bin Go to the program directory PROG EXEC iecwin32 exe Start the application iecwin32 PROG EXEC WAIT Lock command execution and manual control of the ana...

Страница 498: ...returns 1 when the executed program is stopped or paused Example See PROGram SELected EXECute SENSe SENSe Ch AVERage This subsystem sets sweep averaging parameters The sweep average is a noise reduction technique which consists of calculating each measurement point as an average of the same measurement point over several consecutive sweeps SENSe Ch AVERage CLEar Starts a new average cycle clearing...

Страница 499: ...isables the automatic calculation of the sweep average over the specified number of sweeps SENSe Ch AVERage COUNt RST value ON SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example AVER COUN 15 Set the average factor for channel 1 to 15 AVER ON Enable the sweep average over the defined number of sweeps SENSe Ch BANDwidth This subsystem sets the bandwidth of the IF measurement filter resolution ban...

Страница 500: ... RST value FAST SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg BWIDth RESolution SELect CONTrol SENSe Ch CORRection This subsystem controls system error correction and recording of correction data SENSe Ch CORRection CDATa DIRECTIVITY SRCMATCH REFLTRACK ISOLATION LOADMATCH TRANSTRACK port1_no port2_no Writes or reads system error correction data for a specific...

Страница 501: ...ce any systematic errors see SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected DEFault port1_no Source port number port2_no Load port number If the error term is not related to the load port a dummy number can be used e g CORR CDAT REFLTRACK 1 0 SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected DEFault The different calibration types of the analyzer ...

Страница 502: ...n both ends e g FFSNetwork MFSNetwork MMSNetwork Symm network ff symm network mf or symm network mm standard For a complete list of standard types refer to the table of standard types below Parameter list String parameters to specify the configured standard Conn_Name Ckit_Name Std_No and numeric parameters defining its properties See detailed description below The following transmission standards ...

Страница 503: ...n f or Open m standard For transmission standards the first two characters denotes the genders on both ends e g FFTHrough MFTHrough MMTHrough Through ff Through mf or Through mm standard For a complete list of standard types refer to the table of standard types below Parameter list String parameters to specify the configured standard Ckit_Name Std_No and numeric parameters defining its properties ...

Страница 504: ...t is fF GHz2 or pH GHz2 C3 L3 Polynomial coefficients C3 or L3 for the fringing capacitance or residual inductance of the standard load parameter To be specified without unit implicit unit is fF GHz3 or pH GHz3 OPEN SHORt MATCh Simplified modelling as an open or short or match standard The load circuit model generally consists of capacitance C which is connected in parallel to an inductance L and ...

Страница 505: ... Port_2 no load parameters polynomial coefficients no OPEN SHORt MATCh MMATten MFATten FFATten Attenuation m m or attenuation m f or attenuation f f Ckit_Name Max_Freq Port_1 Port_2 no offset parameters no load parameters polynomial coefficients no OPEN SHORt MATCh MMSNetwork MFSNetwork FFSNetwork Symmetric network m m or symmetric network m f or symmetric network f f Ckit_Name OPEN SHORt MATCh Po...

Страница 506: ... conn_name ckit_name Selects the calibration kit to be used for a specified connector type conn_type The command is suitable for connector types with arbitrary user defined names For standard connector types you can use the command SENSe Ch CORRection CKIT conn_type SELect Ch Channel number This suffix is ignored because calibration kits are channel independent conn_name Connector type e g a user ...

Страница 507: ...calkit assuming that the cal kit name stored in ZCAN ck reads ZCAN SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect This subsystem controls the system error correction and manages calibration kits SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQuire THRough OPEN1 OPEN2 OPEN12 SHORT1 SHORT2 SHORT12 MATCH1 MATCH2 MATCH12 NET ATT IMATCH12 REFL1 REFL2 SLIDe1 SLIDE2 SLIDE12 LINE1 LINE2 M1O2 O1M2 M1S2 S1M2 OSHORT1 OSHORT2 Starts a calibrati...

Страница 508: ...ere the raw measurement data of the standards is stored after the calibration is completed The setting is valid for the current calibration where it overwrites the global setting SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQuire RSAVe DEFault A new calibration deletes the calibration data acquired in previous calibrations Ch Channel number of the calibrated channel Boolean ON OFF Keep measurement data on or off...

Страница 509: ...pes Through Open Short Match Symmetric Network NET Attenuation ATT Reflect Sliding Match SLIDe Line1 LINE1 and LINE are synonymous Line2 port_no Port numbers of the analyzer For a transmission standard through line attenuation symmetric network the input and output port numbers must be specified for reflection standards only one port number is required RST value AUTO delay phase Optional entry of ...

Страница 510: ...c no query Example CORR COLL AUTO 1 2 Perform an automatic 2 port TOSM calibration using the calibration unit s default calibration kit file and arbitrary test ports of the cal unit SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect AUTO CKIT file_name Generate a cal kit file with the specified name containing the cal kit data of the active calibration unit SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice AKAL ADDRess The cal kit file can be...

Страница 511: ...t is used This file should be used to operate the calibration unit like in manual control specifying another cal kit file is primarily for service purposes A NWA cal kit file name calkit without path denotes a specific cal kit file stored in the Calibration Unit A NWA cal kit file name calkit with path denotes a specific cal kit file stored in an arbitrary directory analyzer_port_no Port number s ...

Страница 512: ...or type at a specified port port_no and its gender Use SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SCONnection port_no to select an arbitrary connector type using a string variable Ch Channel number of the calibrated channel port_no Port numbers of the analyzer Note If the analyzer is set to use the same connectors at all ports SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect CONNection port_no PORTs ALL then a change of a connector ...

Страница 513: ... because the setting affects all ports RST value ALL SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example CORR COLL CONN PORTS SING Select independent connector types at the ports CORR COLL CONN1 N50MALE CONN4 N75FEMALE CONN2 Select independent connector types at ports 1 and 4 The connector type at port 2 is not changed the query returns N50FEMALE SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect DELete cal_name...

Страница 514: ...e command is only valid for ports 1 and 2 RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed with device specific calibration types command or query If several calibration types are assigned to channel Ch the query returns a list of all calibration types Example See SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect METHod DEFine cal_name REFL RSHort FOPort FTRans RTRans FRTRans OPTPort TOSM port_no...

Страница 515: ...tandard connected to port 1 and store the measurement results of this standard CORR COLL SAVE Calculate the system error correction data and apply them to the active channel SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE DEFault Generates a set of default system error correction data for the selected ports and calibration type The default data set corresponds to a test setup which does not introduce any systema...

Страница 516: ...CII_data Replace the dummy system error correction term with your own correction data transferred in ASCII format SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected Calculates the system error correction data from the acquired measurement results SENSe Ch CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected stores them and applies them to the calibrated channel Ch To avoid incompatibilities older system error correction da...

Страница 517: ... short standard as calibration type CORR COLL SAVE SEL DEF Calculate a dummy system error correction for the normalization at port 1 The dummy system error correction provides the reflection tracking error term REFLTRACK CORR CDAT REFLTRACK 1 0 Query the dummy system error correction term The response is a 1 written as 1 0 for the real and imaginary part for each sweep point no attenuation and no ...

Страница 518: ...ransverse electric or waveguide type propagation mode GENDer NGENder Polar connector type m f Sexless connector type perm_rel Relative permittivity Range def unit 0 0000000001 to 1000 UP DOWN MIN MAX parameters are not available for this command RST value imped For TEM type connectors reference impedance in V without unit For WGUide type connectors cutoff frequency in Hz without unit Range def uni...

Страница 519: ...erm parameters String parameters describing the different error terms depending on the current calibration method see table below Each term contains one complex value real and imaginary part for each sweep point Range def unit The error terms consist of dimensionless complex numbers The parameters must be transferred in full length and have the following meaning SCORR1 Directivity at port 1 SCORR2...

Страница 520: ...n for channel Ch Ch Channel number of the calibrated channel Response Five values corresponding to the start and stop frequency of the calibration sweep the number of points the source power and the sweep type LIN LOG SEGM RST value the command generates an execution error if no system error correction is active SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example See SENSe Ch CORRection DATE SEN...

Страница 521: ...for the active test port such that the residual delay of the active trace defined as the negative derivative of the phase response is minimized across the entire sweep range Ch Channel number of the offset corrected channel port_no Port number of the analyzer This numeric suffix is ignored the active port is determined by the active trace ONCE Applies the Auto Length function RST value SCPI Comman...

Страница 522: ...he analyzer length Electrical length Range def unit 1E 9 m to 1E 9 m m or foot ft depending on the Distance Unit selected in the System Configuration dialog The increment UP DOWN is 1 mm RST value 0 m SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example CORR EDEL2 ELEN 0 3 Define an electrical length of 30 cm for channel 1 and port no 2 CORR EDEL2 DIST DIEL Query the values of the mechanica...

Страница 523: ...ry whether the factory calibration for channel 1 is enabled The response is 1 SENSe Ch CORRection LOSS port_no ref_loss Defines the offset loss at the reference frequency SENSe Ch CORRection LOSS port_no FREQuency Ch Channel number of the offset corrected channel port_no Port number of the analyzer ref_loss Frequency dependent part of the offset loss Range def unit 200 dB to 200 dB dB The incremen...

Страница 524: ...requency Reference frequency Range def unit Frequency range of the analyzer model Hz The increment UP DOWN is 1 MHz RST value 1000000000 Hz 1 GHz SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example See SENSe Ch CORRection EDELay port_no ELENgth SENSe Ch CORRection LOSS port_no OFFSet DC_loss Defines the frequency independent part DC value of the offset loss Ch Channel number of the offset ...

Страница 525: ...AGNitude DC_loss Defines the frequency independent part DC value of the offset loss Use the SENSe Ch CORRection LOSS port_no commands to define the complete set of loss offset parameters SENSe Ch CORRection OFFSet port_no MAGNitude is equivalent to SENSe Ch CORRection LOSS port_no OFFSet Ch Channel number of the offset corrected channel port_no Port number of the analyzer DC_loss Frequency indepen...

Страница 526: ...art Stop 10 Hz to 3 GHz 10 Hz to 6 GHz 5 kHz to 15 GHz The stop freq is preset to 13 6 GHz see data sheet Center 10 Hz to 3 GHz 10 Hz to 6 GHz 5 kHz to 15 GHz Span 10 Hz to 2 99999999 GHz 10 Hz to 5 99999999 GHz 10 Hz to 14 99999999 GHz Note The sweep range can be defined alternatively by a combination of Start Stop frequencies or a Center frequency and Span SENSe Ch FREQuency CENTer center_freque...

Страница 527: ...SPACing LINear LOGarithmic The frequency range is set via SENSe Ch FREQuency STARt etc SEGMent Segmented frequency sweep The sweep range is composed of several continuous frequency ranges or single frequency points defined by means of the commands in the SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg subsystem SCPI Command Types Confirmed with device specific RST value and parameters command or query Example FREQ MODE SWE ...

Страница 528: ... on the instrument model Hz The increment parameters UP or DOWN is 0 1 kHz RST value 9 kHz larger than the minimum frequency of the analyzer SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example FUNC XFR POW RAT B1 A2 Activate a frequency sweep and select the ratio B1 A2 as measured parameter for channel and trace no 1 FREQ STAR 100000 Set start frequency to 100 kHz FREQ STOP 10MHz Set stop freque...

Страница 529: ...anging the sweep type use CALCulate Ch PARameter MEASure Use the other commands in the CALCulate Ch PARameter subsystem to create or delete traces and select measurement parameters Chn Channel number used to identify the active trace If SENSe Chn FUNCtion ON is not used as a query the number must be 1 string Single string parameter defining the sweep type and the parameter to be measured string sw...

Страница 530: ...e received wave Range def unit 0 dB to 30 dB UP and DOWN increment decrement the attenuation in 5 dB steps The analyzer rounds any entered value below the maximum attenuation to the closest step RST value 10 dB 0 dB for R S ZVL13 SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example POW ATT AREC 15 Set an attenuation factor of 15 dB for the waves received at test port 1 and channel no 1 The other ...

Страница 531: ...r query Example See SENSe Ch ROSCillator SOURce SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg This subsystem defines all channel settings for a Segmented Frequency sweep A segmented sweep is activated via SENSe Ch SWEep TPYE SEGMent The commands in the SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg subsystem do not accept the step parameters UP and DOWN Numeric values can be entered directly or using the DEFault MINimum MAXimum parameters SENSe Ch...

Страница 532: ...alyzer rounds any entered value below the maximum attenuation to the closest step RST value 10 dB SCPI Command Types Device specific with query Example SEGM INS 1MHZ 1 5MHZ 111 21DBM 0 5S 0 10KHZ Create a sweep segment with a sweep range between 1 0 MHz and 1 5 MHz SEGM ATT1 5 ATT2 15 Define an input attenuation of 5 dB for the b1 wave 15 dB for the b2 wave SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg BWIDth RESolution B...

Страница 533: ...andwidth is entered using SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg BWIDth RESolution SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings and thus 10 kHz measurement bandwidth SEGM BWID 1 MHZ Increase the resolution bandwidth to 1 MHz SEGM BWID CONT OFF Couple the bandwidths in all segments and reset the bandwidth in segment no 1 t...

Страница 534: ...SELect RST value OFF The parameter is automatically switched to ON when a bandwidth is entered using SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg BWIDth RESolution SELect SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example RST SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings and thus the Fast filter type SEGM BWID SEL NORM Change the filter type to Normal BWID SEL Query the default ...

Страница 535: ...o the current segment list Ch Channel number Seg Sweep segment number Segment numbers must be sequential The specified segment number must be smaller or equal to the number of existing segments plus 1 If segment number Seg already exists it is replaced by the new segment Start Stop Start and stop frequency of the segment See SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuency STARt and SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuency S...

Страница 536: ...pes Device specific with query used to retrieve the channel settings for a particular sweep segment Example SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings SEGM DEF Query the channel settings for the new segment SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg DELete Deletes the specified single sweep segment Del Selected Segment SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg DELete ALL deletes all segments in the chan...

Страница 537: ...ice specific query only Example SEGM INS 1MHZ 1 5MHZ 111 21DBM 0 5S 0 10KHZ Create a sweep segment with a sweep range between 1 0 MHz and 1 5 MHz SEGM FREQ CENT Query the center frequency of the created segment The response is 1 2500000000E 006 Note The frequency range of the sweep segment can be changed via SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuency STARt and SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuency STOP SENSe Ch SEGM...

Страница 538: ... SEGM INS 1MHZ 1 5MHZ 111 21DBM 0 5S 0 10KHZ Create a sweep segment with a sweep range between 1 0 MHz and 1 5 MHz SEGM FREQ STAR Query the start frequency of the created segment The response is 1 0000000000E 006 Note If the start frequency entered is greater than the current stop frequency SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuency STOP the stop frequency is set to the start frequency plus the minimum freque...

Страница 539: ...s 1 Moreover segment numbers must selected such that the corresponding frequency ranges are in ascending order If one or more sweep segments with segment numbers Seg or larger exist in the current channel then all these existing segment numbers are incremented by 1 and the new segment is inserted as segment no Seg Start Stop Start and stop frequency of the segment See SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg FREQuenc...

Страница 540: ...eep segments Ch Channel number Seg Sweep segment number Boolean ON OFF No effect RST value OFF If used as a query the command returns the information that overlapping sweep segments are not supported OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command no effect or query SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg POWer LEVel Power Defines the Power of the internal signal source in sweep segment no Seg At the same time the co...

Страница 541: ...t level is entered using SENSe Ch SEGMent Seg POWer LEVel SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings and thus 10 dBm internal source power SEGM POW 20 Decrease the power to 20 dBm SEGM POW CONT OFF Couple the powers in all segments and reset the power in segment no 1 to the initial value SENSe Ch SEGMe...

Страница 542: ...e setting in manual control Example SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings SEGM SWE DWEL 1 MS Set the meas delay in segment no 1 to 1 ms SEGM DEF Response 300000 8000000000 51 300 0 056559 0 10000 POS NORM Query the channel parameters for sweep segment 1 The response value for the segment sweep time olive implicitly contains the defined meas delay SENSe Ch ...

Страница 543: ...483647 1 1 is allowed if start and stop frequencies are equal RST value 51 SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SEGM ADD Create a new sweep segment no 1 in channel no 1 using default settings and thus 51 sweep points SEGM SWE POIN 401 Increase the number of points to 401 SENSe Ch SWEep This subsystem provides general settings to control the sweep Most of the settings are rel...

Страница 544: ... of points unchanged but has an impact on the duration of the sweep RST value 0 s SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example FUNC XFR POW S12 Activate a frequency sweep and select the S parameter S12 as measured parameter for channel and trace no 1 SWE DWEL 1 Set a delay of 1 s for each partial measurement SENSe Ch SWEep POINts no_points Defines the total number of measurement points pe...

Страница 545: ... logarithmic frequency axis RST value LINear SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example FUNC XFR POW S12 Activate a frequency sweep and select the S parameter S12 as measured parameter for channel and trace no 1 SWE SPAC LOG Change to sweep type Log Frequency SENSe Chn SWEep SRCPort 1 2 Selects a source port for the stimulus signal Drive Port The setting acts on the active trace If an S...

Страница 546: ...points minus one SCPI Command Types Confirmed with query Example RST SWE STEP Query the default step size For a 6 GHz analyzer the response is 29998500 29998500 Hz 6 GHz 300 kHz 200 SWE STEP UP Increase the step size FREQ STOP SWE POIN Query the stop frequency of the sweep and the number of points Increasing the step size has changed both values SENSe Ch SWEep TYPE LINear LOGarithmic SEGMent Selec...

Страница 547: ...ric suffixes are ignored INTernal Select internal 10 MHz reference oscillator EXTernal Select external reference clock The frequency of the external reference clock is specified via SENSe Chn ROSCillator EXTernal FREQuency RST value INT SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SOUR EXT ROSC EXT Switches to external reference oscillator SOURce Ch POWer Pt LEVel IMMediate AMPlitud...

Страница 548: ...The command affects only the transition filter registers the ENABle registers and queue enabling The ENABle parts of the STATus OPERation and STATus QUEStionable registers are set to all 1 s The PTRansition parts are set all 1 s the NTRansition parts are set to all 0 s so that only positive transitions in the CONDition part are recognized The status reporting system is also affected by other comma...

Страница 549: ... 10 of the QUEStionable ENABle register STATus QUEStionable EVENt Returns the contents of the EVENt part of the QUEStionable register Reading an EVENt register clears it RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed query only Example STAT OPER Query the EVENt part of the OPERation register to check whether an event has occurred since the last reading STATus QUEStionable NTRansition Sets the negative tra...

Страница 550: ...es Confirmed query only Example STAT QUES LIMit COND Query the CONDition part of the QUEStionable LIMit1 register to retrieve the current status of the limit check STATus QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 ENABle Sets the enable mask which allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 register to be reported in the summary bit If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated ev...

Страница 551: ... the QUEStionable LIMit2 NTRansition register STATus QUEStionable LIMit 1 2 PTRansition Sets the positive transition filter Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated condition register to cause a 1 to be written in the associated bit of the corresponding event register NRf 0 to 65535 decimal representation RST value see also Reset Values of the Status Repo...

Страница 552: ...AL ADDRess THRough OPEN SHORt MATCh Connected one or two port standard port_1 Port number of the calibration unit for one and two port standards port_2 Second port number of the calibration unit for two port standards THRough only omitted for the one port standards RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SYST COMM AKAL CONN THR 1 2 Connect a trough standard between po...

Страница 553: ...idental LF in a data block can be recognized as a terminator and cause an interruption of the data transfer The EOI setting is especially important if commands are transferred in block data format because it ensures that the parser for command decoding is activated by the terminator only after the command has been completely transferred Readout of binary data does not require a change of the recei...

Страница 554: ...ts one of the printers configured under Windows XP including the associated output destination The HCOPy DESTination command is used to select an output medium other than the default one config 1 2 Printer configuration 1 or 2 If there is no suffix configuration 1 is automatically selected printer name Printer name as returned by the commands SYSTem COMMunicate PRINter ENUMerate FIRSt or SYSTem CO...

Страница 555: ...n external devices SCPI Command Types Device specific query only Example See SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice AKAL ADDRess SYSTem DATA SIZE ALL AUTO Defines the block size for the data transfer between the instrument hardware and the software The block size has an impact on the display of traces and on the readout of trace data using the commands of the TRACe or CALCulate Chn DATA subsystems ALL Data tr...

Страница 556: ...LStyles BWSolid Selects the color scheme for all diagram areas in the active setup DBACkground Dark background LBACkground Light background BWLStyles Black and white line styles BWSolid Black and white solid RST value RST does not affect the color settings see also description of the Preset command SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SYST DISP COL LBAC Select a light backgr...

Страница 557: ...n be used for occasional checks of the measurement results or settings The measurement is continued however the measurement results are not updated Compared to the ON setting ONCE does not slow down the measurement speed RST value OFF SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SYST DISP UPD ON Switch the display on to view the traces and diagrams SYSTem ERRor NEXT Queries and at t...

Страница 558: ...SYSTem ERRor CLEar ALL Deletes all entries in the table SYSTEM MESSAGES RST value SCPI Command Types Device specific no query Example SYST ERR CLE ALL Delete all entries in the table SYSTem ERRor DISPlay Boolean Switches the display of a tooltip for remote command errors on or off The tooltip appears at the bottom of the remote screen and of the manual screen it is not displayed for SCPI errors no...

Страница 559: ...er s internal hard disk SYSTem FORMat IDENt ZVL LEGacy Adapts the return value of the IDN command to the R S FSP FSU FSQ family This function is intended for re use of existing FSP FSU FSQ control programs together with the R S ZVL ZVL Switches the FSP adaptation off Example IDN return string Rohde Schwarz ZVL 6 1303 6509K06 100007 1 10 LEGacy Adapts the return value to the R S FSP Example IDN ret...

Страница 560: ...ttings The command is equivalent to RST and to the action of the PRESET key on the front panel If a user defined preset is active SYSTem PRESet USER STATe ON the PRESET key initiates a user defined preset while SYSTem PRESet and RST still activate the factory preset RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example SYST PRES SCOP SING Define the scope of a preset the active setup is reset on...

Страница 561: ... Types Device specific command or query Example SYST PRES USER ON Enable a user defined preset SYST PRES USER NAME C R_S Instr user Nwa RecallSets Setup_2 nwa Select a setup file for the user defined preset Press System Preset manual control or use MMEM LOAD STAT 1 C R_S Instr user Nwa RecallSets Setup_2 nwa Carry out the use defined preset SYSTem PRESet USER NAME Setup_file Specifies the name of ...

Страница 562: ...ence The command has no effect in continuous sweep mode or if the display update is switched on The settings are also updated when the continuous sweep mode is activated INITiate Ch CONTinuous ON ONCE Causes an immediate update of the settings RST value SCPI Command Types Confirmed no query Example INIT CONT OFF Activate single sweep mode SYST SETT UPD ONCE Update the settings made during the curr...

Страница 563: ...er key no 1 to 8 string variable RST value empty string SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example SYST USER KEY 1 User S11 Define a user key no 1 labeled S11 The user key is only labeled no functionality has been assigned yet SYST USER KEY FUNC 1 S11 Assign the functionality S11 select S11 as a measured quantity for the active trace to the created user key SYST USER KEY The query...

Страница 564: ...stored in the analyzer s internal memory Trace data is transferred in either ASCII or block data REAL format depending on the FORMat DATA setting If the block data format is used it is recommended to select EOI as receive terminator SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB SELF RTERminator EOI Reserved Trace Names The commands in the TRACe menu use the following ZVR compatible parameters to specify traces Paramete...

Страница 565: ...race to a memory trace named Mem_Pt20 The memory trace is not displayed DISP WIND TRAC2 FEED MEM_PT20 Display the created memory trace in the active diagram area diagram area no 1 TRACe COPY memory_trc data_trc Copies a data trace to a memory trace The trace to be copied can be specified by two alternative methods As the active data trace of channels 1 to 4 CH1DATA CH2DATA CH3DATA CH4DATA If a mat...

Страница 566: ...TA Copy the current state of the created trace to a memory trace named Mem_Pt20 The memory trace is not displayed DISP WIND TRAC2 FEED MEM_PT20 Display the created memory trace in the active diagram area diagram area no 1 TRACe COPY MATH memory_trc data_trc Copies a mathematical trace to a memory trace The trace to be copied can be specified by two alternative methods As the active mathematical tr...

Страница 567: ... current state of the mathematical trace to a memory trace named Mem_Pt20 The memory trace is not displayed Switch the display back to the data trace DISP WIND TRAC2 FEED MEM_PT20 Display the created memory trace together with the data trace TRACe DATA RESPonse ALL CH1Data CH2Data CH3Data CH4Data CH1Mem CH2Mem CH3Mem CH4Mem MDATa1 MDATa2 MDATa3 MDATa4 MDATa5 MDATa6 MDATa7 MDATa8 CH1Fdata CH4Fdata ...

Страница 568: ...FORMat 1 value per trace point for Cartesian diagrams 2 values for polar diagrams CH nr Sdata CH nr SMEM Unformatted trace data Real and imaginary part of each measurement point 2 values per trace point irrespective of the selected trace format The trace mathematics is not taken into account TRACe DATA STIMulus ALL CH1Data CH2Data CH3Data CH4Data CH1Mem CH2Mem CH3Mem CH4Mem MDATa1 MDATa2 MDATa3 MD...

Страница 569: ... command or query Example TRIG SOUR TIM Activate internal timer as trigger source TRIG HOLD UP Set a delay time of 10 ms TRIGger Ch SEQuence LINK POINt SWEep Selects the Triggered Meas Sequence The identifier for the sequence is a string variable Ch Channel number SWEep Trigger event starts an entire sweep POINt Trigger event starts measurement at the next sweep point This mode is not available on...

Страница 570: ...ate SCPI Command Types Confirmed command or query Example TRIG SOUR EXT Activate external trigger mode UNIT This subsystem defines default units for all SCPI commands and queries implemented by the network analyzer UNIT LENGth unit Defines the default unit of length The command affects all SCPI commands defining a parameter with a physical unit that is related to a length in particular Length offs...

Страница 571: ...RST does not affect the default unit of length SCPI Command Types Device specific command or query Example UNIT LENG METer CORR EDEL DIST 1 Define a mechanical length offset of 1 m UNIT LENG FOOT CORR EDEL DIST Change the default unit of length and query the mechanical length The response is 3 2808400526 ...

Страница 572: ...st Setup 559 Start of the Measurement and Command Synchronization 559 Retrieving Measurement Results 560 Handling of Channels Traces and Diagram Areas 561 Several Traces with Equal Channel Settings 561 Several Traces with Different Channel Settings 566 Markers and Limit Lines 570 Condensed Programming Examples 575 Calibration 575 Modeling a Max Hold Function 577 Retrieving the Results of Previous ...

Страница 573: ... to your measurement tasks optimizing the instrument for fast measurements Considerations for high measurement speed The measurement speed depends on the sweep time but also on an efficient preparation of the instrument and on proper command synchronization The following items should be kept in mind For maximum speed the basic channel settings should be set while the sweep is stopped and with a mi...

Страница 574: ...IMMediate is used to start a single sweep or a group of single sweeps This command has been implemented for overlapped execution The advantage of an overlapped command is that they allow the program to do other tasks while being executed In the present example the sweep must be completed before measurement results can be retrieved To prevent wrong results e g a mix up of results from consecutive s...

Страница 575: ...used to trigger a service request of the analyzer The advantage of OPC synchronization is that both the controller and the analyzer can continue processing commands while the sweep is in progress SRE 32 Enable a service request for the ESR ESE 1 Set event enable bit for operation complete bit INITiate1 IMMediate OPC Start single sweep in channel no 1 set the OPC bit in the ESR after the sweep is t...

Страница 576: ...e GPIB Explorer provided with the network analyzer No extra programming environment is needed Several Traces with Equal Channel Settings Programming task Create up to four different traces with equal channel settings assign the four 2 port standard S parameters to the traces and display them in up to four diagram areas Important remote control features for this program example The following comman...

Страница 577: ...el two traces one diagram area Reset the instrument creating the default trace Trc1 in channel 1 The default measured quantity is the forward transmission S parameter S21 The default format is dB Mag RST Create a second trace in channel 1 assign the format Phase and display the new trace in the same diagram area CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Trc2 S21 the trace becomes the active trace but is not di...

Страница 578: ...agram areas Create a second diagram area assign Trc2 to the new area and remove it from the first area DISPlay WINDow2 STATe ON DISPlay WINDow2 TRACe2 FEED Trc2 Trc2 is now displayed in both diagram areas DISPlay WINDow1 TRACe2 DELete Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE ...

Страница 579: ...ISPlay WINDow3 STATe ON DISPlay WINDow4 STATe ON Assign the reflection parameter S11 to the default trace CALCulate1 PARameter MEASure Trc1 S11 Assign the remaining S parameters to new traces Trc2 Trc3 Tr4 select the Smith chart format for the reflection parameters CALCulate1 FORMat SMITh Smith chart for the active trace Trc1 CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Trc2 S21 CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Trc3 ...

Страница 580: ... channel number Display the new traces in diagram areas no 2 to 4 DISPlay WINDow2 TRACe2 FEED Trc2 DISPlay WINDow3 TRACe3 FEED Trc3 DISPlay WINDow4 TRACe4 FEED Trc4 Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE Check the result in the trace manager The trace manager gives an overview of the current channel trace configuration DISPlay MENU KEY EXECute Trace Manager ...

Страница 581: ...y the traces in two diagram areas Important remote control features for this program example The following command sequence illustrates the structure of the remote commands discussed in section Basic Remote Control Concepts In particular it shows that Channels are always referenced by a channel suffix Traces are referenced by trace names The active trace of a channel is often referenced by the cha...

Страница 582: ...asured quantity to each of them Choose descriptive trace names instead of the short default names used above CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Impedance_trace Z S21 the trace becomes the active trace for channel 1 but is not displayed CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Admittance_trace Y S21 the trace becomes the active trace for channel 1 Create channel 2 with one new trace channel 3 with two new traces CAL...

Страница 583: ...R S ZVL Programming Examples Basic Tasks Operating Manual 1303 6580 32 05 568 Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE ...

Страница 584: ...NDow1 TRACe2 FEED Admittance_trace DISPlay WINDow1 TRACe3 FEED Y_trace DISPlay WINDow2 TRACe1 FEED Impedance_trace DISPlay WINDow2 TRACe2 FEED Ratio_trace DISPlay WINDow2 TRACe3 FEED Z_trace Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE 3 Check and modify your configuration Query the traces in channel 1 CALCulate1 PARameter CATalog ...

Страница 585: ...el suffix 3 CALCulate3 FORMat PHASe Markers and Limit Lines Programming task Display two traces in a single diagram ares use markers to read results and perform a limit check Important remote control features for this program example The following command sequence illustrates the structure of the remote commands discussed in section Basic Remote Control Concepts In particular it shows that Traces ...

Страница 586: ...ument creating the default trace Trc1 in channel 1 The default measured quantity is the forward transmission S parameter S21 The default format is dB Mag RST Create a second trace in channel 1 assign the format Phase and display the new trace in the same diagram area CALCulate1 PARameter SDEFine Trc2 S21 the trace becomes the active trace but is not displayed CALCulate1 FORMat PHASe the trace is r...

Страница 587: ...gram Select trace Trc1 as the active trace of the channel define a reference marker and a delta marker In the marker commands the active trace is referenced by the channel suffix CALCulate1 PARameter SELect Trc1 CALCulate1 MARKer1 STATe ON the marker is set to the center of the sweep range CALCulate1 MARKer1 DELTa STATe ON this command also creates the reference marker CALCulate1 MARKer1 REFerence...

Страница 588: ...position Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE Use the CALCulate Chn DATA commands to retrieve the complete trace see Retrieving Measurement Results 2 Limit lines and limit check Remove all markers and define a limit line for the active trace CALCulate1 MARKer1 AOFF CALCulate1 LIMit DATA 1 4500000000 5500000000 5 5 define an upper limit line across the ...

Страница 589: ...o segments for the lower limit line Display the limit line and perform the limit check CALCulate1 LIMit DISPlay STATe ON CALCulate1 LIMit STATe ON FAIL if the trace is failed the response is 1 Check the result on the local screen Go to local SYSTem DISPlay UPDate ONCE Check the result in the Define Limit Line dialog The Define Limit Line dialog gives an overview of the limit line segments of the a...

Страница 590: ...NSE CORRECTION CKIT N50 SELECT N 50 Ohm Ideal Kit Select connectors for the ports SENSE1 CORRECTION COLLECT CONNECTION1 N50MALE SENSE1 CORRECTION COLLECT CONNECTION2 N50MALE Don t save the cal standard measurements with apply cal i e with the commands SENSE1 CORRECTION COLLECT SAVE or SENSe1 CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected Instead use the global channel independent setting SENSe CORRection COLLec...

Страница 591: ...ected THROUGH 1 2 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected OPEN 1 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected SHORT 1 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected MATCH 1 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected OPEN 2 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected SHORT 2 SENSe1 CORRection COLLect ACQuire SELected MATCH 2 Apply calibration SENSe1 CORRection COLLect SAVE SELected Save load cal files ...

Страница 592: ...mum trace Because it s a memory trace it must be displayed in the same diagram as the mother trace DISPlay WINDow1 TRACe2 FEED LastExtr CALCulate1 MATH SDEFine Max Data Mem CALCulate1 MATH STATe ON Single sweep mode INITIATE CONTINUOUS OFF Do a single sweep and update trace with the current extremum This is the last extremum for the next sweep INITIATE IMMEDIATE WAI TRACe COPY MATH LastExtr Trc1 L...

Страница 593: ...e CALCULATE2 PARAMETER SDEFINE Trc2 S11 CALCULATE2 PARAMETER SELECT Trc2 DISPLAY WINDOW2 STATE ON DISPLAY WINDOW2 TRACE1 FEED Trc2 Select active trace for the created channel 2 Adjust the number of sweep points CALCULATE2 PARAMETER SELECT Trc2 SENSE1 SWEEP POINTS 3 SENSE2 SWEEP POINTS 4 Set sweep count for the channels 3 traces per single sweep in channel 1 4 traces in channel 2 SENSE1 SWEEP COUNT...

Страница 594: ...580 32 05 579 CALCULATE2 DATA SDATA Read last and previous trace data in channel 1 and 2 CALCULATE1 DATA NSWEEP SDATA 1 last trace data CALCULATE1 DATA NSWEEP SDATA 3 previous trace data CALCULATE2 DATA NSWEEP SDATA 1 last trace data CALCULATE2 DATA NSWEEP SDATA 4 previous trace data ...

Страница 595: ......

Страница 596: ...FSL B5 Additional Interfaces 585 NOISE SOURCE CONTROL Option R S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces 585 IF VIDEO OUT Option R S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces 586 AUX PORT Option R S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces 586 GPIB Interface Option R S FSL B10 587 DC Power Supply Option R S FSL B30 587 Battery Pack Option R S FSL B31 588 IEC IEEE Bus Interface 588 Interface Functions 589 Interface Messages 590 Instr...

Страница 597: ...rating Manual 1303 6580 32 05 582 RSIB Interface Functions 593 Variables ibsta iberr ibcntl 593 Error variable iberr 593 Count variable ibcntl 594 Overview of Interface Functions 594 Description of Interface Functions 595 ...

Страница 598: ... 2 test ports it is possible to perform full two port measurements see S Parameters section in Chapter 3 The two network analyzer ports are equivalent If the Spectrum Analysis option R S ZVL K1 is active test port PORT 2 serves as an AC coupled input for the analyzed RF signal PORT 1 is not used Attention The maximum input levels at all test ports according to the front panel labeling or the data ...

Страница 599: ...le The maximum current per USB port is 500 mA PROBE POWER Connector for supply voltages of 15 V to 12 V and ground for active probes and preamplifiers A maximum current of 140 mA is available This connector is suitable as power supply for high impedance probes from Agilent Rear Panel Connectors LAN 8 pin connector RJ 45 used to connect the analyzer to a Local Area Network LAN see Remote Control in...

Страница 600: ...tions of the data sheet The internal reference signal is synchronized to the external signal The AC power switch also interrupts the power supply of the OCXO When you switch the instrument back on be sure to comply with the extended warm up phase specified in the data sheet POWER SENSOR Option R S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces LEMOSA female connector used for connecting power sensors of the R S NRP...

Страница 601: ...t panel unless it is configured as a video output AUX PORT Option R S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces 9 pole SUB D male connector provides output signals for controlling external devices The voltage levels are of TTL type max 5 V The pin assignment is shown below Pin No Name Input I or Output O or Bidirectional B Voltage Range Function 1 SUPPLY O 5 V max 250 mA Supply voltage for external circuits 2 ...

Страница 602: ...on and is connected according to the following diagram Pin No Input I or Output O or Bidirectional B Voltage Range Function 1 I 11 V to 28 V 7 A to 2 7 A Positive voltage 2 Ground 3 Not used Caution DC power supply The power supply SELV that is used must fulfill the requirements for reinforced double insulation for main supply circuits in accordance to DIN EN IEC 61010 UL 61010B 1 CSA C22 2 No 101...

Страница 603: ...ery pack can be reloaded via the AC or DC power supply For details on charging refer to section Charging the Battery in chapter 1 If the battery is not to be used for a longer time it is recommended to remove it and store it separately IEC IEEE Bus Interface The standard instrument is equipped with a GPIB bus IEC IEEE bus connection The two interface connectors labeled IEC BUS and IEC SYSTEM BUS a...

Страница 604: ...ive LOW permits switchover to remote control EOI End or Identify has two functions in connection with ATN ATN HIGH active LOW marks the end of data transmission ATN LOW active LOW triggers a parallel poll 3 Handshake bus with three lines DAV Data Valid active LOW signals a valid data byte on the data bus NRFD Not Ready For Data active LOW signals that one of the connected devices is not ready for ...

Страница 605: ...l instruments connected to the bus without pervious addressing Command QuickBASIC command Effect on the instrument DCL Device Clear IBCMD controller CHR 20 Aborts the processing of the commands just received and sets the command processing software to a defined initial state Does not change the instrument settings IFC Interface Clear IBSIC controller Resets the interfaces to the default setting LL...

Страница 606: ...CP IP as the network transport layer The TCP IP network protocol and the associated network services are pre configured TCP IP ensures connection oriented communication where the order of the exchanged messages is adhered to and interrupted links are identified With this protocol messages cannot be lost Remote control of an instrument via a network is based on standardized protocols which follow t...

Страница 607: ... the instrument as two different controllers The controllers can lock and unlock the instrument for exclusive access This regulates access to the instrument of several controllers VXI 11 Interface Messages On the Ethernet link the interface messages are called low level control messages These messages can be used to emulate interface messages of the IEC IEEE bus Command Effect on the instrument AB...

Страница 608: ...ack a status word that provides information on the status of the RSIB interface The following bits are defined Bit name Bit Hex code Description ERR 15 8000 This bit is set if an error occurs during a function call If this bit is set iberr contains an error code which specifies the error TIMO 14 4000 This bit is set if a timeout occurs during a function call A timeout may occur in the following si...

Страница 609: ...pted to the interface functions of National Instruments for GPIB programming The functions supported by the libraries are listed in the following table Function Description RSDLLibfind Provides a handle for access to a device RSDLLibwrt Sends a zero terminated string to a device RSDLLilwrt Sends a certain number of bytes to a device RSDLLibwrtf Sends the contents of a file to a device RSDLLibrd Re...

Страница 610: ... provides a handle that must be indicated in all functions for access to the device If the device with the name udName is not found the handle has a negative value RSDLLibwrt This function sends data to the device with the handle ud VB format Function RSDLLibwrt ByVal ud ByVal Wrt ibsta iberr ibcntl As Integer C format short WINAPI RSDLLibwrt short ud char far Wrt short far ibsta short far iberr u...

Страница 611: ...h EOS 0Ah the EOS byte must be appended to the string RSDLLibwrtf This function sends the contents of a file file to the device with the handle ud VB format Function RSDLLibwrtf ByVal ud ByVal file ibsta iberr ibcntl As Integer C format short WINAPI RSDLLibwrt short ud char far Wrt short far ibsta short far iberr unsigned long far ibcntl C format Unix short RSDLLibwrt short ud char Wrt short ibsta...

Страница 612: ...Val Cnt ibsta iberr ibcntl As Integer C format short WINAPI RSDLLilrd short ud char far Rd unsigned long Cnt short far ibsta short far iberr unsigned long far ibcntl C format Unix short RSDLLilrd short ud char Rd unsigned long Cnt short ibsta short iberr unsigned long ibcntl Parameters ud Device handle cnt Maximum number of bytes copied from the DLL into the target string Rd Example RSDLLilrd ud R...

Страница 613: ...nteger C format short WINAPI RSDLLibtmo short ud short tmo short far ibsta short far iberr unsigned long far ibcntl C format Unix short RSDLLibtmo short ud short tmo short ibsta short iberr unsigned long ibcntl Parameters ud Device handle tmo Timeout in seconds Example RSDLLibtmo ud 10 ibsta iberr ibcntl RSDLLibsre This function sets the device to the LOCAL or REMOTE state VB format Function RSDLL...

Страница 614: ...ion enables or disables the END message after write operations VB format Function RSDLLibeot ByVal ud ByVal v ibsta iberr ibcntl As Integer C format short WINAPI RSDLLibsre short ud short v short far ibsta short far iberr unsigned long far ibcntl C format Unix short RSDLLibsre short ud short v short ibsta short iberr unsigned long ibcntl Parameters ud Device handle v State of END message 0 no END ...

Страница 615: ...ort iberr unsigned long ibcntl Parameter ud Device handle Example RSDLLibclr ud ibsta iberr ibcntl RSDLLibonl This function switches the device to online or offline mode When it is switched to offline mode the interface is released and the device handle becomes invalid By calling RSDLLibfind again the communication is set up again VB format Function RSDLLibonl ByVal ud ByVal v ibsta iberr ibcntl A...

Страница 616: ...ion waits until the device triggers an SRQ with the handle ud VB format Function RSDLLWaitSrq ByVal ud Result ibsta iberr ibcntl As Integer C format short WINAPI RSDLLWaitSrq short ud short far result short far ibsta short far iberr unsigned long far ibcntl C format Unix short RSDLLWaitSrq short ud short result short ibsta short iberr unsigned long ibcntl Parameters ud Device handle result Referen...

Страница 617: ...nt storage area of elements of the same file type size byte is transferred to pArray This function has no effect on Intel platforms Different types of processor architecture store data in different byte sequences For example Intel processors store data in the reverse order of Motorola processors Comparison of byte sequences Byte sequence Use in Display in memory Description Big Endian Motorola pro...

Страница 618: ...R S ZVL Contents Operating Manual 1303 6580 32 05 603 Table of Contents 10 Error Messages 604 Asynchronous Errors 604 Obtaining Technical Support 605 ...

Страница 619: ...ror log Info Error Log Asynchronous errors can occur any time while the analyzer is operating The analyzer is checked periodically for asynchronous errors Asynchronous Errors Asynchronous errors can occur any time while the analyzer is operating The analyzer is checked periodically for asynchronous errors Many of these errors also cause an entry in the status reporting system Error Description Rem...

Страница 620: ...l Support Our customer support centers are there to assist you in solving any problems that you may encounter with your network analyzer We will find solutions more quickly and efficiently if you provide us with the information listed below Setup Info The instrument setup information Nwa Setup Setup Info contains your instrument settings You can also send us the NWA setup file zvx that you generat...

Страница 621: ...n unit 97 Cartesian diagrams 192 Center 215 511 Channel 62 214 data flow 64 menu 214 programming examples 561 Sweep 251 Channel Cal 235 Channel Manager 263 Circuit Model 246 Close 307 Command common 321 348 device specific 321 stucture and syntax 321 Command description notation 346 CONDition 333 Continuous Sweep 251 Control bus 588 Control lines GPIB bus 588 Control menu 307 Coupled Markers 373 C...

Страница 622: ...11 data entry 15 file 279 navigation 14 power on off 16 print 306 rotary knob 16 setup 12 288 Keyword SCPI command 321 K factor 191 LAN remote control 34 Limit line 62 202 360 Lin Frequency 106 528 Linear 2 port 191 Local Max 373 Local Min 373 Log Frequency 106 528 Lower limit 202 LXI configuration menu 293 Maintenance 28 Marker 172 format 373 menu 172 373 programming examples 62 properties 373 sw...

Страница 623: ...S12 S21 S22 179 Save As 124 Scale Div 427 Scaling diagrams 54 Scc SCD Sdc Sdd Sds Ssc Ssd Sss 179 SCPI commands 321 SCPI compatibility 314 SCPI Status Register 333 Screen saver 12 Search 161 373 Segmented Frequency 106 251 254 Selectivity Define Segments 254 Service 303 Service Request Enable 333 Setup file 38 SETUP key 288 Setup keys 12 Shut down 29 Single 259 Single Sweep 251 Size Control menus ...

Страница 624: ...1 Transmission masurement example 49 TV Trigger 101 UP 324 Upper limit 202 Upper lower case 346 Virtual Networks 418 VXI 11 interface 591 WCDMA Measurements 102 WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis 102 Windows XP 37 Wizard 181 WLAN OFDM Analysis 102 Y parameter 91 Y parameter 189 Zoom 198 Z parameter 90 189 ZVL K1 100 ZVL K2 100 ZVL K2 Distance to Fault 140 ZVR compatibility 346 ...

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