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Contents

R&S

®

ZVA

5

Getting Started 1145.1090.62 ─ 13

3.5.2

Arbitrary Generator and Receiver Frequencies (R&S ZVA-K4).................................... 95

3.5.3

Arbitrary Gen. and Rec. Frequencies (R&S ZVA-K4)................................................... 95

3.5.4

Mixer Phase Measurement (R&S ZVA-K5)...................................................................96

3.5.5

True Differential Mode (R&S ZVA-K6).......................................................................... 96

3.5.6

Measurements on Pulsed Signals (R&S ZVA-K7)........................................................ 97

3.5.7

Converter Control (R&S ZVA-K8)................................................................................. 97

3.5.8

Mixer Delay w/o LO Access (R&S ZVA-K9)..................................................................97

3.5.9

Long Distance Mixer Delay (R&S ZVA-K10).................................................................98

3.5.10

Internal Pulse Generators (R&S ZVA-K27)...................................................................98

3.5.11

Noise Figure Measurement (R&S ZVAB-K30).............................................................. 98

3.5.12

Frequency Converting Noise Figure Measurement (R&S ZVA-K31)............................ 98

Glossary: Frequently Used Terms......................................................99

Index....................................................................................................105

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Содержание ZVA Series

Страница 1: ...R S ZVA Vector Network Analyzers Getting Started Getting Started 1145 1090 62 13 Test Measurement...

Страница 2: ...ents R S ZVA110 order no 1312 7004 03 04 An additional Getting Started guide 1314 4502 62 is avail able for these instruments The firmware of the instrument makes use of several valuable open source s...

Страница 3: ...king the Analyzer 18 1 3 2 Setting up the Analyzer 18 1 3 3 Bench Top Operation 19 1 3 4 Operation in a 19 Rack 20 1 3 5 EMI Suppression 20 1 3 6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply 21 1 3 7 Powe...

Страница 4: ...tem Overview 45 3 1 Basic Concepts 45 3 1 1 Global Resources 45 3 1 2 Setups 46 3 1 3 Traces Channels and Diagram Areas 46 3 1 4 Data Flow 48 3 2 Screen Elements 50 3 2 1 Navigation Tools of the Scree...

Страница 5: ...e Differential Mode R S ZVA K6 96 3 5 6 Measurements on Pulsed Signals R S ZVA K7 97 3 5 7 Converter Control R S ZVA K8 97 3 5 8 Mixer Delay w o LO Access R S ZVA K9 97 3 5 9 Long Distance Mixer Delay...

Страница 6: ...Contents R S ZVA 6 Getting Started 1145 1090 62 13...

Страница 7: ...ow ing sections Notice that the data sheet may specify additional operating condi tions Chapter 2 of this manual provides an introduction to the operation of the analyzer by means of typical configura...

Страница 8: ...the Diagram Area on page 55 to obtain information about the results in the diagram area Refer to section Display Menu in the help system and learn how to customize the screen Refer to the data sheet f...

Страница 9: ...es limits for measured values and activates the limit check TRACE FUNCT ions store traces to the memory and perform mathematical opera tions on traces MARKER positions markers on a trace configures th...

Страница 10: ...and obtain assistance UNDO reverses the previous operation INFO calls up a table providing information about the current setup HELP calls up the on line help system A second group of keys uncolored is...

Страница 11: ...NCEL ESC key is used to Close dialogs without activating the entries made equivalent to the Close button Close the Help CANCEL ESC is equivalent to the CANCEL ESC key in the DATA ENTRY keypad 1 1 4 Da...

Страница 12: ...steps in units of the current physical parameter between two consecutive values if the rotary knob is turned to increase or decrease numeric values See chapter 3 2 3 3 Step Size on page 65 1 1 6 Stan...

Страница 13: ...while the connector is used as a bidirectional source and receive port The blue LED is on while the connector is used as a receive port It is recommended to use a torque wrench when screwing RF cable...

Страница 14: ...microwave analyzers for each test port n corresponds to the network analyzer type For detailed ordering information refer to the product brochure See also section Converter Control in the help system...

Страница 15: ...e inserted at the front panel of the instrument To ensure failure free operation avoid placing external cables close to the compact flash card Option R S ZVA B8 Converter Control provides output conne...

Страница 16: ...d as needed AUX is not fitted on standard instruments LAN 1 and LAN 2 are two equivalent connectors to connect the analyzer to a Local Area Network USB is a double Universal Serial Bus connector of ty...

Страница 17: ...ed cables at the BNC rear panel connectors 10 MHz REF PORT BIAS EXT TRIGGER and match signals with 50 in order to comply with EMC directives 1 3 Putting the Analyzer into Operation This section descri...

Страница 18: ...thylene protection pads from the instrument s rear feet and then carefully remove the pads from the instrument handles at the front 2 Pull off the corrugated cardboard cover that protects the rear of...

Страница 19: ...sition standing on its feet or with the support feet on the bottom extended Danger of injury The feet may fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted The feet may bre...

Страница 20: ...specially for the following connector types BNC rear panel connectors 10 MHz REF EXT TRIGGER Use double shielded cables and terminate open cable ends with 50 USER CONTROL Use only well shielded cables...

Страница 21: ...power switch to position I On or 0 Off After power on the analyzer is in standby or ready state see chapter 1 3 8 Standby and Ready State on page 21 depending on the state of the STANDBY toggle switc...

Страница 22: ...the rear panel is in position I On 2 If necessary press the STANDBY toggle switch on the front panel to switch the instrument to ready state the green LED is on In ready state the analyzer automatical...

Страница 23: ...st application to come to the foreground 1 5 Windows Operating System The analyzer is equipped with a Windows XP or Windows 7 operating system that has been configured according to the instrument s fe...

Страница 24: ...Printer wizard The wizard is self explanatory A printer driver needs to be installed only once even though the printer may be temporarily removed from the analyzer It is safe to connect or disconnect...

Страница 25: ...IP Configutation and learn how to avoid connection errors 2 Connect a CAT6 or CAT7 RJ 45 LAN Ethernet cable to one of the LAN ports The LAN ports of the analyzer are auto crossover Ethernet ports You...

Страница 26: ...ter To disable dynamic TCP IP configuration and enter the TCP IP address information manually proceed as follows 1 Obtain the IP address and subnet mask for the analyzer and the IP address for the loc...

Страница 27: ...connections it is possible to use the analyzer in two alternative ways As a client participating in two independent networks one comprising the home network including the analyzer the second consistin...

Страница 28: ...ace see chapter 1 7 Connecting to a LAN on page 25 Memorize the analyzer s IP address Info Setup Info Instrument Information at the NWA GUI 2 At the analyzer press the Windows button to access the sta...

Страница 29: ...h external drive or a network connection LAN GPIB bus 2 Double click the setup file or use the front panel keys to select and start the setup file see chapter 2 3 2 1 Using Front Panel Keys on page 39...

Страница 30: ...ward way The wizard provides a series of dialogs where you can select the test setup screen configuration and measurement parame ters configure the essential channel settings and perform a guided cali...

Страница 31: ...T which for simplicity we assume to have an appropriate connector e g a male N 50 connector to one of the equivalent analyzer test ports Besides it is recommended to preset the instrument in order to...

Страница 32: ...the lowest frequency you want to measure in the Start Frequency numeric entry bar e g 5 GHz Note If you use the DATA ENTRY keys at the front panel for data entry simply type 5 and terminate the entry...

Страница 33: ...ZV Z21 contains an appropriate male short standard with known physical properties With a single short standard it is possible to perform a normalization compensating for a frequency dependent attenua...

Страница 34: ...t The next dialog of the calibration wizard shows that only a single calibration stand ard needs to be measured 5 Click the box Short m to initiate the measurement of the connected short standard The...

Страница 35: ...t posi tion center of the sweep range A marker symbol triangle appears on the trace The stimulus value frequency and response value magnitude of the reflection coefficient converted to a dB value at t...

Страница 36: ...ater session or in an external application Data transfer is made easier if external accessories are connected to the analyzer or if the instrument is integrated into a LAN Refer to Connecting External...

Страница 37: ...e system errors for all transmission and reflection S parameters The S parameter wizard System Measurement Wizard S parameter wizard will guide you through the essential steps of a standard transmissi...

Страница 38: ...g or initiate an action depending on the selected command type CANCEL ESC compresses the current submenu and moves the cursor one menu level up or closes the active dialog depending on the selected so...

Страница 39: ...e details refer to section Data Entry below 5 Press OK ENTER CANCEL ESC or press the rotary knob to close the active dia log 2 3 2 Data Entry The analyzer provides dialogs with various types of input...

Страница 40: ...the character to the left of the current cursor position Press OK ENTER to complete an entry Press ESC CANCEL to close the popup dialog discarding the entries made 3 To enter letters other than G M or...

Страница 41: ...are the input fields in the Index and Search tabs of the Help system A mouse is required for using the On Screen Keyboard To call up the on screen keyboard 1 Press the Windows key in the SUPPORT keyp...

Страница 42: ...Changing the Scale Div modifies the value of the vertical or radial diagram divi sions and thus the entire range of response values displayed The Scale Div and the Reference Value is indicated in the...

Страница 43: ...e following methods Press the SCALE key in the TRACE keypad Right click the scale section in the trace list and select the parameter from the con text menu Select the parameter from the Trace Scale me...

Страница 44: ...cular trace point E g you can use the marker Search functions to locate a maximum or mini mum on the trace 2 Click Trace Marker Funct Max Marker to move the trace towards the upper diagram edge leavin...

Страница 45: ...f functions to perform a particular measurement and to customize and optimize the evaluation of results To ensure that the instrument resources are easily accessible and that user defined configuratio...

Страница 46: ...s In the System External Tools submenu you can find demo setups vbs for vari ous measurement scenarios You can modify the demo setups and store them to a zvx file for later use Moreover the S Paramete...

Страница 47: ...of particular values on the trace by means of markers Limit check The Trace menu provides all trace settings They complement the definitions of the Channel menu Each trace is assigned to a channel The...

Страница 48: ...nel settings an additional red asterisk symbol appears in the status bar All analyzer settings can still be changed during sweep initialization If necessary the analyzer terminates the current initial...

Страница 49: ...System Overview R S ZVA 49 Getting Started 1145 1090 62 13 Basic Concepts...

Страница 50: ...provides all control elements for the measurements and contains the diagram areas for the results There are several alternative ways to access an instrument function Using the menus and submenus of th...

Страница 51: ...Windows functions to control windows The File menu provides standard Windows functions to create save recall or print setups to copy the current screen and to shut down the application The Trace menu...

Страница 52: ...rs for multi port measurements or mixed mode S parameters A menu command with no arrow or dots directly initiates an action Example S21 selects the forward transmission coefficient S21 as measured qua...

Страница 53: ...s Three dots indicate that the softkey calls up a dialog providing several related settings A right arrow indicates a submenu with further related settings A softkey with no arrow or dots directly ini...

Страница 54: ...corresponds to the TRACE CHANNEL DISPLAY and SYSTEM key pads The hardkey bar provides access to the basic groups of settings with a single mouse click It is particularly useful if the analyzer is con...

Страница 55: ...ferent channels overlay mode Diagram areas are controlled and configured by means of the functions in the Display menu and the following additional settings The settings in the Window menu arrange sev...

Страница 56: ...setup are distinguished by area numbers in the upper right cor ner Use the context menu or the functions in the Display menu to display hide or change the title and to add and customize diagram areas...

Страница 57: ...splay the current measurement result in a diagram area but is also capable of storing traces to the memory recalling stored traces and defin ing mathematical relations between different traces There a...

Страница 58: ...w the measured data is presented in the graphical display Trace Format The next sections show the value of the vertical or radial diagram divisions Scale Div and the reference value Ref The channel se...

Страница 59: ...yzer provides three different basic marker types A normal marker Mkr 1 Mkr 2 determines the coordinates of a measure ment point on the trace Up to 10 different normal markers can be assigned to a trac...

Страница 60: ...Level value Mkr 4 indicates the center of the peak calculated as the arithmetic mean value of the LBE and UBE positions The Paste Marker List allows you to select marker values as numeric entries see...

Страница 61: ...ith extended set tings for all markers of the active trace Select the options in the Show Info panel to customize the information in the info field Active Trace Only Stimulus Info Off Right click the...

Страница 62: ...ight click the section and call the Channel Manager from the context menu to change the channel name The measurement mode identifier section optional indicates a special test mode of the channel e g t...

Страница 63: ...ect Channel Stimulus and Channel Power Bandwidth Average menus 3 2 2 5 Context Menus To provide access to the most common tasks and speed up the operation the analyzer offers context menus right click...

Страница 64: ...earn how to con trol dialogs without a mouse and keyboard 3 2 3 1 Immediate vs Confirmed Settings In some dialogs the settings take effect immediately so that the effect on the measure ment is observa...

Страница 65: ...pplies the current selection and closes the keyboard The current string is written into the input field of the calling dialog See also chapter 3 2 3 1 Immedi ate vs Confirmed Settings on page 64 Cance...

Страница 66: ...ues measuring so they may differ from the values in the marker info field To open the paste marker list you can also click on the input field and use the space bar of your keyboard or the checkmark ke...

Страница 67: ...ut with grid lines of constant real and imaginary part of the admittance The analyzer allows arbitrary combinations of display formats and measured quantities Trace Measure Nevertheless in order to ex...

Страница 68: ...following table shows how the response values in the different Cartesian diagrams are calculated from the complex measurement values z x jy where x y z are func tions of the sweep variable The formul...

Страница 69: ...to points of equal magnitude and phase The magnitude of the response values corresponds to their distance from the cen ter Values with the same magnitude are located on circles The phase of the respo...

Страница 70: ...iagram is not linear The grid lines correspond to points of constant resistance and reactance Points with the same resistance are located on circles Points with the same reactance produce arcs The fol...

Страница 71: ...purely imaginary impedance Points outside the outer circle indicate an active component The upper and lower half of the diagram correspond to positive inductive and negative capacitive reactive compo...

Страница 72: ...amples for special points in the Smith chart The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of an open circuit Z infinity I 0 is one its phase is zero The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of a sho...

Страница 73: ...onds to zero susceptance real admittance The center of the diagram represents Y Y0 1 where Y0 is the reference admittance of the system zero reflection At the left and right intersection points betwee...

Страница 74: ...perties Real reflection coefficients are mapped to real admittances conductances The center of the plane 0 is mapped to the reference admittance Y0 whereas the circle with 1 is mapped to the imaginary...

Страница 75: ...ram Lin Mag or Real In complex formats real numbers represent complex numbers with zero imaginary part The following table gives an overview of recommended display formats Complex dimensionless quan t...

Страница 76: ...erse measurements The 7 term calibration types Txx take these additional contri butions into account The scattering matrix links the incident waves a1 a2 to the outgoing waves b1 b2 according to the f...

Страница 77: ...rt S parameters to a larger num ber of incoming and outgoing waves For a 4 port DUT a a a a S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S b b b b 4 3 2 1 44 43 42 41 34 33 32 31 24 23 22 21 14 13 12 11 4 3 2 1 wher...

Страница 78: ...with its reference impedance matched circuit parameters A two port transmission parameter Zij i j can describe a pure serial impedance between the two ports Relation with S parameters The converted i...

Страница 79: ...ort are based on a circuit model that can be expressed with two linear equations 2 22 1 21 2 2 12 1 11 1 I Z I Z V I Z I Z V Meaning of Z parameters The four 2 port open circuit Z parameters can be in...

Страница 80: ...n 1 the reflection parameters Yii describe the input admittances at ports I I 1 to n under the condition that each of the other ports is terminated with its reference impedance matched circuit parame...

Страница 81: ...V Y I Meaning of Y parameters The four 2 port Y parameters can be interpreted as follows Y11 is the input admittance defined as the ratio of the current I1 to the voltage V1 measured at port 1 forwar...

Страница 82: ...y measurement provides the power of any of the transmitted or received waves The power can be displayed in voltage units e g V or dBmV or equivalent power units e g W or dBm Examples for using wave qu...

Страница 83: ...that the transmitted and the received waves are at different frequencies A ratio of two arbitrary waves that is not an element of the S matrix e g a ratio of the form aI aj is needed The notation for...

Страница 84: ...te test fixtures with integrated baluns for each type of DUT The measurement is not impaired by the non ideal characteristics of the balun e g error tolerances limited frequency range Calibration can...

Страница 85: ...iguration is defined by simply selecting the pairs of physical ports that are combined to form balanced ports and defining the two reference impedances for the differential and common mode at each bal...

Страница 86: ...ined as the ratio of the wave quantities b1 mode mout reverse measurement with matched input b1 in the figure above and a1 0 to a2 mode min S mout min 22 is the mixed mode output reflection coefficien...

Страница 87: ...n some calibration procedures TRL TNA TRM part of the characteristics of the standards can be auto determined due to implicit redundancy self calibration 2 The analyzer compares the measurement data o...

Страница 88: ...ror correction has been switched off deliberately Correction Off The analyzer provides other labels to indicate the status of the current calibration refer to the Help system for details 3 4 1 Calibra...

Страница 89: ...or S13 Transmission track ing Medium Transmission mea surements in any direction and between any combi nation of ports Full One Port Open Short and Match1 S11 or S22 Reflection tracking Source match...

Страница 90: ...lection and transmission mea surements on DUTs with 2 or more ports especially for planar circuits Bandwidth limited at low frequencies TNA 2 or more ports Through Attenua tion Symmetric network All R...

Страница 91: ...10 MHz to 24 GHz 3 5 mm f 4 1164 0521 30 R S ZV Z52 R S ZVB14 100 kHz to 18 GHz type N f 4 1164 0521 70 R S ZV Z53 R S ZVB14 R S ZVB20 R S ZVA24 300 kHz to 24 GHz 3 5 mm f 2 1164 0473 32 R S ZV Z53 R...

Страница 92: ...ZN Z151 R S ZVB4 R S ZVB8 100 kHz to 8 5 GHz SMA f 2 1317 9134 32 R S ZN Z153 R S ZVB4 R S ZVB8 100 kHz to 8 5 GHz SMA f 4 1319 6178 34 The multiport calibration units R S ZV Z58 R S ZV Z59 R S ZN Z1...

Страница 93: ...lso reported in the sec tions below 3 4 4 Power Calibration The purpose of a power calibration is to ensure accurate source power levels and power readings at a particular position reference plane in...

Страница 94: ...se e g the complex conversion loss or reflection coeffi cients R S ZVA K6 True Differential Mode Generation of true differential and common mode stimuli at arbi trary reference planes in the test setu...

Страница 95: ...aracteristics of the DUT Time domain transforms can be calculated in band pass or low pass mode For the lat ter the analyzer offers the impulse and step response as two alternative transformation type...

Страница 96: ...c of the stimulus signal is measured In the relative measurement the nth harmonic of the stimulus signal is divided by 1st harmonic fundamental received from the DUT The result corresponds to the nth...

Страница 97: ...pprox 200 ns to the maximum recording time Of course it is also possible to measure a sequence of pulses up to the maximum recording time 3 5 7 Converter Control R S ZVA K8 Measurements at frequencies...

Страница 98: ...ntrol an R S ZVAXxx Extension Unit equipped with a pulse modulator option 3 5 11 Noise Figure Measurement R S ZVAB K30 Provides the noise figure of a DUT which operates in its linear range The noise f...

Страница 99: ...ol One trace of each channel that has been selected as the active trace CALCulate Ch PARameter SELect trace name Many commands e g TRACE act on the active trace It can be different from the active tra...

Страница 100: ...ith measurement data and updated after each sweep dynamic trace Diagram area Rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces Diagram areas are arranged in windows they are independent of trac...

Страница 101: ...the upper and lower tone frequencies and their integer multiples Intermodulation suppression The ratio of the power of an intermoulation product to the power of the lower tone fundamental wave Isolat...

Страница 102: ...A P Partial measurement Measurement at a specified stimulus value maintaining definite hardware settings Depending on the measurement type several partial measure ments may be needed to obtain a measu...

Страница 103: ...he sweep variable frequency power time point number where a measurement is taken Also termed sweep point Sweep Series of consecutive measurements taken at a specified sequence of stimu lus values seri...

Страница 104: ...ough and Line which are both assumed to be ideally matched Beyond that the through must be lossless and its length must be exactly known Especially useful for DUTs in planar line technology TRM A cali...

Страница 105: ...ats 67 E Electrostatic discharge ESD 14 EMI Suppression 20 Evaluation of data 35 EXT TRIGGER 16 F Factory calibration 29 Firmware update 29 Freq conv noise figure R S ZVA K31 98 Front panel 7 Front pa...

Страница 106: ...ion measurement 30 Remote desktop 28 Removable Hard Disk 15 Rotary knob 12 S S parameter 76 multiport 77 S parameter wizard 30 Saving data 36 Scaling diagrams 41 Screen elements 50 Screen saver 8 Setu...

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