AUTOMATIC SOFTENERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
AM/T AM/RT AM/V AM/RV AM/METER AM/R METER
s.r.l. - ITALY
Page 4 of 15
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2.
Principles of working
Softening is the process that allows to remove calcium and magnesium from water. These
two elements, together with bicarbonate, are the main cause of the scale inside thermal plant
and domestic appliances (heating system, laundry machines, etc.). They also can cause big
trouble in many industrial process.
The process of softening is featured by ion exchange. The resins contained in the column
exchange the ions calcium and magnesium (Ca
++
and Mg
++
) against sodium ions (Na
+
), of which
they are charged. When the resins are exhausted, they are fully charged of calcium and
magnesium (Ca
++
e Mg
++
) while they do not have any more sodium ions (Na
+
) available for
exchanging and they need to be regenerated.
Regeneration means re-built the charge of sodium ions (Na
+
) available from sodium chloride
(NaCl), common salt used in kitchen. During regeneration, an exchanging back is performed of
sodium ions (Na
+
) against ions calcium and magnesium (Ca
++
e Mg
++
) which are carried away
to drain. The equipment prepares automatically the brine from the salt (NaCl) in grain or tablets.
AM
series softeners are used for water treatment for residential and industrial applications as
well. All the materials, resins included, are food grade and approved for drinking water.
The range of models includes systems with capacity from 5 up to 60 m³/h and capacity from
900 up to 7200 m³ x ºF.
The working of the system is controlled by an automatic programmer, allowing to schedule
the frequency and the hour for the regeneration. Then the system automatically starts the
regeneration that proceed automatically. During regeneration, (except for "fast rinse" phase) the
system supplies non softened water thanks to a by-pass inside the automatic valve; for
AM/METER models, water supply during regeneration is completely inhibited by means of a
membrane valve mounted on the outlet.
These system can be equipped with automatic sterilizing device (Nobel
CL 90
or
CL 180
),
according to the local laws of some countries for the treatment of drinking water.
