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viii

Contents

Chapter 7 

 

Troubleshooting

Basic Functioning  ...........................................................................................................7-1

Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................7-2
LAN or WAN Port LEDs Not On ...............................................................................7-2

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface  ..........................................................7-2
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection  ..............................................................................7-3

ADSL link  .................................................................................................................7-3

WAN LED Blinking Yellow ..................................................................................7-4
WAN LED Off .....................................................................................................7-4

Obtaining a WAN IP Address  ...................................................................................7-4
Troubleshooting PPPoE or PPPoA ..........................................................................7-5
Troubleshooting Internet Browsing  ..........................................................................7-6

Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using the Ping Utility  ..............................................7-6

Testing the LAN Path to Your Router  .......................................................................7-6
Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device  .....................................7-7

Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................7-8

Using the Reset button .............................................................................................7-8

Appendix A 

 

Technical Specifications

Appendix B 

 

Network and Routing Basics

Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1

What is a Router?  ................................................................................................... B-2
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ................................................................................. B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................. B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server ............................................................................................ B-10
IP Configuration by DHCP  .................................................................................... B-10

Содержание DG632 - ADSL Modem Router

Страница 1: ...April 2004 NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Phone 1 888 NETGEAR Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router...

Страница 2: ...cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radi...

Страница 3: ...ns Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the rig...

Страница 4: ...iv...

Страница 5: ...uto Uplink LAN Ethernet Connections 2 3 Easy Installation and Management 2 4 What s in the Box 2 5 The Front Panel 2 6 The Rear Panel 2 7 Chapter 3 Connecting the Modem to the Internet What You Need B...

Страница 6: ...lt In Password 4 4 Changing the Administrator Login Timeout 4 4 Backing Up Restoring or Erasing Your Settings 4 5 How to Back Up the Configuration to a File 4 5 How to Restore the Configuration from a...

Страница 7: ...Services 6 14 Firewall Rules 6 15 Inbound Rules Port Forwarding 6 16 Inbound Rule Example A Local Public Web Server 6 17 Considerations for Inbound Rules 6 17 Outbound Rules Service Blocking 6 18 Outb...

Страница 8: ...7 6 Testing the LAN Path to Your Router 7 6 Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device 7 7 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password 7 8 Using the Reset button 7 8 Appendix A Techn...

Страница 9: ...erties C 6 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking C 7 Installing or Verifying Windows Networking Components C 7 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 C 8 DHCP Configurat...

Страница 10: ...x Contents...

Страница 11: ...ide uses the following typographical conventions This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages This manual is written according to these specifications Table 1 Typographical conv...

Страница 12: ...buttons Use the toolbar buttons across the top to navigate print pages and more The Show in Contents button locates the current topic in the Contents tab Previous Next buttons display the previous or...

Страница 13: ...print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat re...

Страница 14: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 1 4 About This Manual...

Страница 15: ...by a single computer With minimum setup you can install and use the modem within minutes The included firewall and Network Address Translation NAT features protect you from hackers Key Features The DG...

Страница 16: ...obtains the actual Internet WAN IP address from the ISP during connection setup and forwards it to the attached computer Router Device Mode In Router Device Mode the DG632 supports configuration of t...

Страница 17: ...ly detects and thwarts Denial of Service DoS attacks such as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN Blocks access from your LAN to In...

Страница 18: ...intosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface Smart Wizard The modem automatically senses the type of...

Страница 19: ...Microfilters quantity and type vary by region USB Cable depending on the country of purchase Telephone cable Microfilters quantity and type vary by region ADSL Modem Router Resource CD including This...

Страница 20: ...DG632 ADSL Modem Router front panel shown below contains status LEDs Figure 2 2 DG632 Front Panel You can use the LEDs to verify various conditions Table 2 1 lists and describes each LED on the front...

Страница 21: ...Ethernet RJ 45 port for connecting to a local computer Factory Default Reset push button AC power adapter outlet USB On Off The Local port has detected link with a device No link is detected on this p...

Страница 22: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 2 8 Introduction...

Страница 23: ...modem connected to an ADSL line and a computer properly connected to the modem as explained below 2 Active Internet service such as that provided by an ADSL account 3 The Internet Service Provider IS...

Страница 24: ...ardware Requirements To use the DG632 modem router on your network each computer must have an installed Ethernet adapter and an Ethernet cable To install and run the DG632 modem router with your compu...

Страница 25: ...If you cannot locate this information you can ask your ISP to provide it or you can try one of the options below If you have a computer already connected using the active Internet access account you c...

Страница 26: ...If you use a login name and password then fill in the following Login Name ______________________________ Password ____________________________ Service Name _____________________________ Fixed or Stat...

Страница 27: ...2 Connect the modem to the computers on your network 3 Log in to the modem 4 Connect to the Internet Follow the steps below to connect your modem to your network Before you begin locate the ADSL conf...

Страница 28: ...with a separate splitter insert the splitter into the phone outlet connect the one line filter to the splitter and connect the phone to the filter 2 CONNECT THE DG632 TO THE INTERNET Note Improperly c...

Страница 29: ...Auto UplinkTM technology The Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection for example connecting to a computer or an uplink connectio...

Страница 30: ...ted computer 3 LOG IN TO THE DG632 Note Your computer needs to be configured for DHCP For instructions on configuring for DHCP please see Appendix C in the Reference Manual on the ADSL Modem Router Re...

Страница 31: ...cally via DHCP you need the configuration parameters from your ISP you recorded in Record Your Internet Connection Information on page 3 4 Auto Detecting Your Internet Connection Type The Web Configur...

Страница 32: ...ng method preset default settings will usually work Only change the multiplexing method if you are sure your ISP requires Virtual Path Identifier VPI or Virtual Channel Identifier VCI settings that ar...

Страница 33: ...for PPPoA login accounts Enter your login user name and password These fields are case sensitive Wizard Detected Dynamic IP Account Setup If the Setup Wizard determines that your Internet service acc...

Страница 34: ...rnet from any computer connected to your modem launch a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator You should see the modem s Internet LED blink indicating communication to the...

Страница 35: ...o complete the installation of the USB driver 5 Now connect the USB cable to your modem and plug in the AC power for the modem 6 Use the USB cable to connect your computer to the modem The found new h...

Страница 36: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 3 14 Connecting the Modem to the Internet...

Страница 37: ...ce Mode to Router Device Mode In Modem Device Mode the modem operates like a DSL modem passing all the Internet communications directly to your computer where you must then configure your settings and...

Страница 38: ...ur web browser and click your browser s Stop button 4 In the Address or Location box of your browser type http 192 168 0 1 and click Enter A login window opens as shown in Figure 4 1 below Figure 4 1...

Страница 39: ...disconnect When prompted enter admin for the modem User Name and password for the modem Password You can use procedures below to change the modem s password and the amount of time for the administrat...

Страница 40: ...re 4 5 Figure 4 5 Set Password menu 3 To change the password first enter the old password and then enter the new password twice 4 Click Apply to save your changes Note After changing the password you...

Страница 41: ...erted to factory default settings The procedures below explain how to do these tasks How to Back Up the Configuration to a File 1 Log in to the modem at its default LAN address of http 192 168 0 1 wit...

Страница 42: ...esirable to restore the modem to the factory default settings This can be done by using the Erase function 1 To erase the configuration from the Maintenance menu Settings Backup link click the Erase b...

Страница 43: ...fault User Name of admin default password of password or using whatever User Name Password and LAN address you have chosen for the modem 3 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Mainten...

Страница 44: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 4 8 Maintaining Your DG632 ADSL Modem Router...

Страница 45: ...ally configure your modem using the menu above or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section Manually Configuring Basic Settings It is best to...

Страница 46: ...r computer in order to access the Internet When you start an Internet application your modem automatically logs you in 2 Choose PPPoE for the encapsulation method your ISP uses 3 Enter the login name...

Страница 47: ...ISP assigned 6 The DNS server is used to look up site addresses based on their names Select Get Automatically from ISP if your ISP uses DHCP to assign your IP address Your ISP will automatically assi...

Страница 48: ...lick the Test button to test your Internet connection If the NETGEAR Web site does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 7 Troubleshooting ADSL Settings The default settings of your DG632 ADSL...

Страница 49: ...following table Table 5 1 Menu 3 2 Modem Status Fields Field Description Account Name The Host Name assigned to the modem in the Basic Settings menu Firmware Version Displays the modem firmware versio...

Страница 50: ...t assign IP addresses to PCs on the LAN If ON the modem will assign IP addresses to PCs on the LAN IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local LAN port of the modem T...

Страница 51: ...een displays Status The link status of the port TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manu...

Страница 52: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 5 8 Using Modem Mode...

Страница 53: ...se the basic router features of the DG632 ADSL Modem Router Figure 6 1 Router Mode main menu Router Mode Basic Settings You can manually configure your modem using the menu above or you can allow the...

Страница 54: ...y Configuring Basic Settings It is best to start the manual configuration from the Setup Wizard 1 Select your country 2 Select No to manually configure your modem connection 3 Click Next 4 Manually co...

Страница 55: ...r computer in order to access the Internet When you start an Internet application your modem automatically logs you in 2 Choose PPPoE for the encapsulation method your ISP uses 3 Enter the login name...

Страница 56: ...ISP assigned 6 The DNS server is used to look up site addresses based on their names Select Get Automatically from ISP if your ISP uses DHCP to assign your IP address Your ISP will automatically assi...

Страница 57: ...lick the Test button to test your Internet connection If the NETGEAR Web site does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 7 Troubleshooting ADSL Settings The default settings of your DG632 ADSL...

Страница 58: ...he following table Table 6 1 Menu 3 2 Modem Status Fields Field Description Account Name The Host Name assigned to the modem in the Basic Settings menu Firmware Version Displays the modem firmware ver...

Страница 59: ...t assign IP addresses to PCs on the LAN If ON the modem will assign IP addresses to PCs on the LAN IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local LAN port of the modem T...

Страница 60: ...reen displays Status The link status of the port TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or man...

Страница 61: ...s Table 6 1 Connection Status Fields for Dynamic IP Field Description IP Address The IP Address assigned to the WAN port by the ADSL Internet Service Provider Subnet Mask Then Network Mask assigned to...

Страница 62: ...This screen shows the following statistics Table 6 1 Connection Status Fields for PPPoA Field Description Connection Time The time elapsed since the last connection to the Internet via the ADSL port...

Страница 63: ...uter Mode 6 11 Viewing Selecting and Saving Router Mode Logged Information The modem will log security related events such as denied incoming service requests hacker probes and administrator logins He...

Страница 64: ...activate this feature enter the IP address of the server where the Syslog file will be written Table 6 1 Security Log entry descriptions Field Description Description or Action The type of event and w...

Страница 65: ...host Perform a DNS Lookup to test if an Internet name resolves to an IP address to verify that the DNS server configuration is working Display the Routing Table to identify what other modems the mode...

Страница 66: ...fined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF and published in RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of t...

Страница 67: ...o WAN determine what outside resources local users can have access to A firewall has two default rules one for inbound traffic and one for outbound The default rules of the DG632 are Inbound Block all...

Страница 68: ...r example a Web server or game server visible and available to the Internet The rule tells the modem to direct inbound traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination por...

Страница 69: ...ervice to be allowed 3 Services From this list select the specific service or application The list already displays many common services but you are not limited to these choices Use the Services menu...

Страница 70: ...urce address Type of service being requested service port number Following is an application example of outbound rules Outbound Rule Example Doom If you want to block usage of the game Doom you can cr...

Страница 71: ...s programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local computer can run the application...

Страница 72: ...Advanced click the WAN Setup link to view the page shown in Figure 6 14 Figure 6 14 WAN Setup Page 3 Click Default DMZ Server 4 Type the IP address for that server 5 Click Apply to save your changes...

Страница 73: ...have a specific reason to do so MTU Size The normal MTU Maximum Transmit Unit value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes or 1492 Bytes for PPPoE connections For some ISPs you may need to reduce t...

Страница 74: ...bnet Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the modem Combined with the IP address the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be reached through a gat...

Страница 75: ...avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the router are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page 10 for an explanation of DHCP and i...

Страница 76: ...o assign to the computer or server Choose an IP address from the router s LAN subnet such as 192 168 0 x 3 Type the MAC Address and Device Name of the computer or server Tip If the computer is already...

Страница 77: ...e company where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 0 100 Your company s network is 134 177 0 0 When you first configured your router two implicit static routes were created...

Страница 78: ...w to Configure Static Routes 1 Log in to the router at its default LAN address of http 192 168 0 1 with its default User Name of admin default password of password or using whatever User Name Password...

Страница 79: ...type 255 255 255 255 e Type the Gateway IP Address which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the router f Type a number between 2 and 15 as the Metric value This represents the number of rout...

Страница 80: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router 6 28 Using Router Mode...

Страница 81: ...he router but I can t access the Internet Go to Troubleshooting the ISP Connection on page 7 3 I can t remember the router s configuration password Go to Restoring the Default Configuration and Passwo...

Страница 82: ...this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LAN or WAN Port LEDs Not On If either the LAN LEDs or WAN LED do not light when the Ethernet or USB...

Страница 83: ...er s IP address to 192 168 0 1 This procedure is explained in Using the Reset button on page 7 8 Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click...

Страница 84: ...oor quality wiring in your house WAN LED Off If the WAN LED is off disconnect all telephones on the line If this solves the problem reconnect the telephones one at a time being careful to use a microf...

Страница 85: ...ernet PPPoE or PPP over ATM PPPOA login If you have selected a login program you may have incorrectly set the Service Name User Name and Password See Troubleshooting PPPoE or PPPoA below Your ISP may...

Страница 86: ...our computer manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation Your computer may not have the modem configured as its TCP IP modem If your computer obtains its informatio...

Страница 87: ...On on page 7 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router Wrong network configuration...

Страница 88: ...but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single PC connected to that modem If this is the case you must configure your router to clone or spoof the MAC address from the autho...

Страница 89: ...over ATM Power Adapter North America 120V 60 Hz input United Kingdom Australia 240V 50 Hz input Europe 230V 50 Hz input Japan 100V 50 60 Hz input All regions output 7 5VDC 1 0A output 7 5W maximum Phy...

Страница 90: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router A 2 Technical Specifications LAN 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 USB 1 1 WAN ADSL RJ 11 pins 2 and 3 T1 413 G DMT G Lite ITU Annex A or B...

Страница 91: ...documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relat...

Страница 92: ...routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The DG632 modem router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements R...

Страница 93: ...ns with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the...

Страница 94: ...ress of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously d...

Страница 95: ...aller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most o...

Страница 96: ...54 The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal va...

Страница 97: ...h addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without prob...

Страница 98: ...ed by a single user with a modem rather than a router The DG632 modem router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share...

Страница 99: ...ternet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is us...

Страница 100: ...nd one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the...

Страница 101: ...groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network...

Страница 102: ...5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 10BASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mb...

Страница 103: ...kstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports...

Страница 104: ...endant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms...

Страница 105: ...atically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a PC or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will t...

Страница 106: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router B 16 Network and Routing Basics...

Страница 107: ...components for establishing a TCP IP network Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon Macintosh Operati...

Страница 108: ...following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 254 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway address the route...

Страница 109: ...ick the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and th...

Страница 110: ...st way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows sy...

Страница 111: ...our Network C 5 Verify the following settings as shown Client for Microsoft Network exists Ethernet adapter is present TCP IP is present Primary Network Logon is set to Windows logon Click on the Prop...

Страница 112: ...N Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using...

Страница 113: ...ay need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Installing or Verifying Windows Net...

Страница 114: ...e configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu S...

Страница 115: ...This box displays the connection status duration speed and activity statistics Administrator logon access rights are needed to use this window Click the Properties button to view details about the co...

Страница 116: ...set to DHCP without your having to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radi...

Страница 117: ...tions Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box appears Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using bo...

Страница 118: ...otocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box Verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Propert...

Страница 119: ...d you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Pane...

Страница 120: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router C 14 Preparing Your Network Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the Network Protocols box and click on the Properties button...

Страница 121: ...information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway The IP address is between 1...

Страница 122: ...tworked Macintosh you need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens 2 From the Connect via box select you...

Страница 123: ...P configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are...

Страница 124: ...port is connected to the broadband modem the router appears to be a single PC to the ISP The router then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet thro...

Страница 125: ...edures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this infor...

Страница 126: ...h so that you can use this information when you configure the DG632 modem router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the...

Страница 127: ...with the router you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP I...

Страница 128: ...Reference Manual for the Model DG632 ADSL Modem Router C 22 Preparing Your Network...

Страница 129: ...names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk and so on For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name a...

Страница 130: ...devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers MAC address Media Access Control address A uniqu...

Страница 131: ...ion PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets PSTN Public Switched Telephone Networ...

Страница 132: ...ta through the network WAN See wide area network wide area network WAN A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN Windows Internet...

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