OVERVIEW:
i DEN Digital Modulation Technology
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68P80401P05
Figure 1-1. Spectrum of
i
DEN Quad 16QAM
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
is one of the most common modulation techniques for
satellite communications. In QPSK, a digital data stream is taken two bits at a time to generate four
possible phase states of the transmitted carrier. A characteristic of this technique is its resistance to
noise.
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
is used to allocate portions of the RF signal by dividing
time into 6 slots, one for each unit. Time allocation enables each unit to transmit its voice
information without interference from another unit’s transmission.
Transmission from a unit or base station is accommodated in time-slot lengths of 15 milliseconds
and frame lengths of 90 milliseconds (see Figure 1-2).
Note that
Rx
(outbound) indicates base-to subscriber transmissions;
Tx
(inbound) indicates
subscriber-to-base transmissions. The slots are paired and have a fixed offset of 19 milliseconds;
their timings are synchronized by the
i
DEN system. The TDMA technique requires sophisticated
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