About Doppler ultrasonics
MACE XCi devices utilise the Doppler Effect to measure velocity of stream flows.
The Doppler Effect (after C. J. Doppler 1803-53) is defined as, “the apparent
change in the frequency of sound or electromagnetic radiation due to relative
motion between the source and the observer” (Uvarov & Isaacs (1986).
Dictionary of Science).
The MACE Doppler ultrasonic velocity sensors transmit an ultrasonic (sound)
wave into the flow. This sound wave is reflected by acoustically reflective
particles (e.g. air bubbles, suspended solids) and the instrument detects the
reflected frequencies. The difference between the transmitted frequency and the
received frequencies is directly proportional to the velocity of the
stream flow.
In full or partially full pipes, the velocity of the stream flow varies markedly across
the cross-section of the pipe. Typically, velocity is zero along the wall of the pipe
and increases to a maximum at or about the centre of the pipe. MACE Doppler
ultrasonic velocity sensors receive reflected frequencies from particles moving
at these different velocities. The greater the area of flow moving at a particular
velocity, the greater the number of reflections with the respective frequency shift.
The average velocity of the stream is therefore calculated by averaging those
frequency reflections received across the whole stream profile.
In laymans terms a simple analogy for the way MACE Doppler ultrasonics operate
is that it’s similar to “switching on a flashlight in a fog”. Any reflective particle that
moves within the “beam” will be seen by the ultrasonic sensor. MACE Doppler
ultrasonic velocity sensors provide a true average stream velocity.
About MACE
MACE is an family company founded in 1968 by electrical and mechanical
engineer Lawrence Campbell who recognized the importance of flow
measurement and flow monitoring in the global environment.
For 40 years MACE has designed and manufactured electronic monitoring
instrumentation including ultrasonic flow meters, data loggers and controllers.
Continued commitment to research and development over the past three
decades has ensured MACE’s provision of the most advanced high technology
equipment for the agricultural, industrial and environmental markets.
MACE has a core team of research and development engineers who are
focused on providing customer driven products that are both easy to use
and withstand the test of time in often remote and harsh environmental
conditions.
MACE is committed to providing its clients with personalized service, training
and technical back-up to ensure successful monitoring.
MACE continues to innovate with the introduction of the new XCi Multiple
Card Interface found in all our new range of flow meters and data loggers.
XCi enables the user to connect just about any environmental sensor quickly
and easily. This offers the customer a highly flexible, cost effective water
monitoring solution.
With the addition of a new MACE WebComm card to any XCi device, customers
are able to access their data remotely for free from the MACE website.
MACE
XCi
PRODUCT MANUAL
MACE
XCi
PRODUCT MANUAL
