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Laird WB45NBT

Reference Guide

Embedded Wireless Solutions Support Center:

http://ews-support.lairdtech.com
www.lairdtech.com/wi-fi

27

© Copyright 2016 Laird. All Rights Reserved

Americas: +1-800-492-2320

Europe: +44-1628-858-940

Hong Kong: +852 2923 0600

sysfs

Linux can present data about the system and drivers by using

sysfs (system file-system). The entire tree can be found

mounted at /sys and through various virtual files, you can read information about the kernel, drivers, and hardware
of the system. By writing to various files, you can cause the drivers or kernel to take various actions. See the

GPIOs

section below for examples. Detailed information can be found in the following document:

https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mochel/doc/papers/ols-2005/mochel.pdf

debugfs

Debugfs (debug file-system) is a useful virtual file system that presents debug information and allows you to affect
various system parameters. It is not mounted by default but can be mounted via the following command:

# mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug

It is typically found at /sys/kernel/debug.

Finding Version Information

The kernel version can be found via the uname command:

# uname -a

Linux summit 3.8.0-laird5 #30 PREEMPT Tue Aug 13 14:48:13 PDT 2013
armv5tejl GNU/Linux

The rootfs Laird release can be found in /etc/summit-release:

# cat /etc/summit-release

Laird Linux wb45n-laird_fips-3.4.0.6

H

ARDWARE

U

SE

N

OTES

GPIOs

The GPIOs on the breakout-board are connected through to the port C pins on the WB45 module. For example, for
LED3:

The other GPIO and LEDs are similar.

Name

Linux ID

LED

Header Pin

Port

Comments

GPIO0

72

D18

1

pc8

kernel-led driver - led0: heartbeat

GPIO1

78

D17

2

pc14 kernel-led driver

–

led1: status

GPIO2

67

D16

3

pc3

GPIO3

75

D15

4

pc11

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Содержание WB45NBT

Страница 1: ...nce Guide Laird WB45NBT Version 1 5 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Embedded Wireless Solutions Support Center http ews support lairdtech com ...

Страница 2: ...ersion Revision Date Change Description Approved By 1 0 20 August 2013 Initial Version Andrew Chen 1 1 22 August 2013 Minor revisions and formatting edits Andrew Chen 1 2 28 July 2014 Minor edits for Rev 2 board Andrew Chen 1 3 6 July 2015 Added Error Reference source not found Andrew Chen 1 4 6 August 2015 Added BT BLE Andrew Chen 1 5 27 April 2016 Removed references to connecting to an open AP b...

Страница 3: ... PC 12 On Windows 7 10 12 On Ubuntu 14 04 13 Setting Up a PPP Link Over RS232 13 On Windows 7 10 13 On Ubuntu 14 04 14 Building the WB from Source 14 Updating the WB50NBT Software 15 Flash Programming Using fw_update 15 Troubleshooting U Boot 19 Flash Programming Using the Atmel SAM BA Utility 20 Binary Image Description 20 Preparing the Laird WB45NBT for Programming 20 Installing the Atmel AT91 D...

Страница 4: ...mm Width 40 mm Height 3 8 mm PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The Laird WB45NBT provides complete enterprise class Wi Fi connectivity with an integrated TCP IP stack full support for IEEE 802 11a b g n and Bluetooth 4 0 dual mode air standards and a fully integrated security supplicant providing 802 11i WPA2 Enterprise authentication data encryption and BT protocol stacks The WB45NBT is a fully integrated modu...

Страница 5: ...ate program is intelligent enough to program the correct partition the one which is not currently being run The filesystem is stored using a format called Unsorted Block Images UBI This is a filesystem that lies on top of the Memory Technology Device MTD layer The MTD layer handles bad block mapping When a bad block is encountered it is simply skipped and not used As new bad blocks occur they are ...

Страница 6: ...ayer 2 bridge the WB acts as a transparent bridge for Layer 2 packets carrying an IP based packet from the host device The WB expects the host to do all Layer 3 IP configuration such as static addressing or DHCP for the Wi Fi network This mode applies to Ethernet to Wi Fi and USB Ethernet to Wi Fi In the Layer 2 Bridge configuration it appears to the host device that it is connected to a physical ...

Страница 7: ...Wi Fi packets to the host device Use Case 2 Example Use Case 3 A single host device with DHCP running on the WB s Wi Fi interface A single device is connected to the Ethernet USB Ethernet or PPP serial a DHCP client is running on the WB to handle the Wi Fi DHCP assignment Solution NAT The WB does IP NAT and port masquerading to forward traffic from the Wi Fi to host device Host device interface to...

Страница 8: ...dc_cli command line utility the ifrc command line utility and editing the etc network interfaces file These can be done once console access has been established with the WB as described in the WB45NBT Quick Start Guide available from the Documentation tab of the Laird WB45NBT product page These configurations are only examples for the WB s configuration Example host test device configurations are ...

Страница 9: ...anual Enable the Wi Fi interface and make sure it doesn t use an IP configuration sdc_cli iface set auto wlan0 on sdc_cli iface set method wlan0 manual Enable bridging between Ethernet and Wi Fi sdc_cli iface set auto br0 on sdc_cli iface set method br0 manual sdc_cli iface set bridge_ports br0 eth0 wlan0 Optional If IP communication between the WB and host device for configuration or otherwise is...

Страница 10: ...dc_cli iface set method eth0 static sdc_cli iface set address eth0 169 254 0 1 sdc_cli iface set netmask eth0 255 255 255 0 sdc_cli iface set broadcast eth0 169 254 0 255 Enable the Wi Fi interface with static IP support sdc_cli iface set auto wlan0 on sdc_cli iface set method wlan0 static sdc_cli iface set address eth0 x x x x sdc_cli iface set netmask eth0 x x x x sdc_cli iface set broadcast eth...

Страница 11: ...g do etc network wifi nat conf pre dcfg do etc network wifi nat conf Use Case 6 Example Multiple host devices connected via Ethernet with a static IP on the WB s Wi Fi interface Enable the Ethernet interface and configure a non routable IP configuration sdc_cli iface set auto eth0 on sdc_cli iface set method eth0 static sdc_cli iface set address eth0 169 254 0 1 sdc_cli iface set netmask eth0 255 ...

Страница 12: ...g the host interface the IP address assigned to the host must be on the same subnet On Windows 7 10 Once the USB cable is plugged in the Windows 7 or 10 OS should recognize and install the USB Ethernet driver Ensure the USB Ethernet interface is used for bridging the Wi Fi on the WB50 to the host by removing any connected Ethernet cables and disabling any Wi Fi interfaces on the host PC Network in...

Страница 13: ...ttyS2 and the USB connector to the host See the examples for use cases 3 and 4 substitute ppp0 to configure the WB for PPP over RS232 Next you must set up your host machine On Windows 7 10 1 At the Start menu type Phone and Modem 2 Click Phone and Modem when the link is found 3 From the Modems tab click Add 4 Select Don t detect I will select it from a list and click Next 5 Choose Standard Modem T...

Страница 14: ...ent BUILDING THE WB FROM SOURCE The WB50NBT utilizes Buildroot to build the entire system Laird s WB50NBT source release package provides everything necessary to build and customize a WB image for your application and hardware system WB source releases are distributed on GitHub Please go to GitHub for both the source release and the instructions for working with it https github com LairdCP wb mani...

Страница 15: ...w_update h fw_update usage fw_update usage fw txt The fw_update program can be invoked from the CLI You can obtain access to the CLI either through the console serial port or over a network connection via Ethernet or a USB Ethernet gadget with the use of SSH By default an SSH server is enabled on the WB50NBT The username is root and the password is summit It s important that the password is change...

Страница 16: ... It supports both HTTP and FTP protocols Laird WB45NBT The WB45NBT must be connected to a power source and have a Wi Fi antenna connected to it Bootfile Description The bootfile called fw txt is a list of all images that are to be updated on the WB45NBT It resides on the file server and is pointed to by the Bootfile Name option in the DHCP Server s configuration The format of the bootfile is as fo...

Страница 17: ... wlan0 or the ifrc utility to configure the IP address settings of the wireless interface After the update program has completed its process the bootloader becomes aware of the new kernel and or filesystem The new images are loaded on the next reboot Issue the reboot command to reboot the WB45NBT When invoked manually the fw_update program does not automatically reboot the WB45NBT after it has com...

Страница 18: ...eed to be updated at the same time However because of compatibility it is good to ensure that the Linux kernel and the file system are intended to work together from a relatively similar release if not the same release version The process of updating a flash image using U Boot is comprised of downloading the image to be programmed into local SDRAM of the WB45NBT erasing the flash at the target mem...

Страница 19: ...it and no hardware handshaking The boot loader displays text that is similar to the following RomBOOT ba_offset 0xb Loading 1 Wire info Enumerate all roms Done 0x0 1 wire chips found sn 0x0 rev 0x0 AT91Bootstrap 3 4 4 laird2 Mon Jul 29 17 36 14 PDT 2013 Downloading image Nand ONFI not supported NAND device NAND 128MiB 1 8V 8 bit Manufacturer ID 0x0 Chip ID 0xa1 Nand Copy 0x80000 bytes from 0x20000...

Страница 20: ...in the 128 MB flash memory of the WB45NBT module Table 1 describes the locations for each binary image within flash memory Pre compiled binary images are available for download from Laird Preparing the Laird WB45NBT for Programming If the flash memory has been previously programmed then it is necessary to temporarily disable the flash memory by shorting out the chip select to the flash memory chip...

Страница 21: ...6124_cdc inf Summit s driver file and click Open h Select OK A dialog appears noting the driver is not signed i Select Continue Anyway j Wait for the driver to install and then select Finish The driver installs itself as a virtual COM port on the PC This COM port shows up in the device manager under Windows Note Because this COM port will be needed when starting the SAM BA utility remember what CO...

Страница 22: ...e from 32 to 16 4 Save and close this file Note The binary images are loaded onto the PC used to program the module this ensures that the SAM BA utility can access them The SAM BA utility is now ready to use USB SAM BA Flash Programming Using SAM BA Note To use SAM BA a mini USB device cable BB45 and power adapter are required Do not rely on USB power To use SAM BA follow these steps 1 Connect the...

Страница 23: ... Select the appropriate connection and board Figure 4 Figure 4 SAM BA dialog window with connection and board selected Connection dev ttyACM0 Board at91sam9x25 ek 9 Click Connect 10 In the main SAM BA window select the NAND_Flash tab 11 Execute the following script Enable NAND Flash 12 Verify that PMECC is enabled and set up correctly by doing the following a Execute the following script pmecc con...

Страница 24: ...tstrap u boot kernel do the following three steps identified in Figure 6 Figure 6 Flashing bootstrap u boot and kernel Use the Send File Name search option to locate the applicable bin file bootstrap bootstrap bin u boot u boot bin kernel kernel bin Set the Address appropriately bootstrap 0x0 u boot 0x20000 kernel 0xe0000 Click Send File 15 Change PMECC to enable Trimffs by doing the following Fig...

Страница 25: ...To single step type s and press Enter To get a backtrace of the stack type bt and press Enter To exit the debugger type quit The System Trace utility strace is also loaded onto the file system This utility traces an application s system calls into the Linux operating system strace Another utility worth mentioning is devmem This allows physical memory locations to be accessible to userspace It work...

Страница 26: ...t Board schematic and BOM Bill of Materials are available from the Laird website DEVELOPING AND INTEGRATING USING THE DEVELOPMENT KIT There are many helpful tools and hints to developing software and integrating hardware with the WB45N Software Tools and Techniques GDB GDB is a debugger that can be run directly on the WB45N devmem The program devmem can be used to read or set any arbitrary physica...

Страница 27: ...pdf debugfs Debugfs debug file system is a useful virtual file system that presents debug information and allows you to affect various system parameters It is not mounted by default but can be mounted via the following command mount t debugfs none sys kernel debug It is typically found at sys kernel debug Finding Version Information The kernel version can be found via the uname command uname a Lin...

Страница 28: ... work with a pin as an output follow these steps 1 Export the pin 2 Set its direction as an output 3 Set it to the desired value To work with the pin as an input follow these steps 1 Export the pin 2 Set its direction as an input Note These are set as inputs by default so this step is likely unnecessary 3 Read value For example to change GPIO3 to an output and set it high cd sys class gpio echo 75...

Страница 29: ...log to Digital Converter ADC 10 bit 312 K samples sec Successive Approximation Register ADC 2 2 LSB Integral Non Linearity 1 1 LSB Differential Non Linearity Individual enable and disable of each channel External voltage reference for better accuracy on low voltage inputs Multiple trigger source Hardware or software trigger External trigger pin Timer Counter 0 to 2 outputs TIOA0 to TIOA2 trigger S...

Страница 30: ...PORT Support materials documentation schematics and software for the WB45NBT are available on Laird s support site Additionally you may contact Laird s support team from the support site as well at http ews support lairdtech com Copyright 2016 Laird All Rights Reserved Patent pending Any information furnished by Laird and its agents is believed to be accurate and reliable All specifications are su...

Страница 31: ...3340 L77 TR BCM4352KMLG BCM43520KMLG BCM43217KMLG 7265 NGWWB W PPC WL KIT02 R11 RC CC2640 A M113DH3200PS3Q0 SX PCEAN2c WT 01S WT8266 S3 ESP 07S WT8266 S6 ESP 12S WT 01F WT8266 S5 ESP 12F WT32 S1 ESP WROOM 02UC ESP WROOM 02DC WT 01N ESP32 WROOM 32UC ESP32 WROOM 32DC ESP 01 ESP 01S ESP32 WROOM 32 16MB ESP32 WROVER E 8MB ESP32 WROVER IB 16MB ESP32 WROVER E 16MB ESP32 WROVER IB 8MB ESP32 WROOM 32D 16M...

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