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HT9023

EN - 50

8. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

8.1. TECHNICAL

CHARACTERISTICS

Accuracy indicated as ±[%rdg + (num digit * resolution)] referred to 23°C ± 5°C, < 80%RH

DC Voltage

Range [V]

Resolution [V]

Accuracy

Overload protection

-1500.0



1500.0

0.1



(1.0%rdg+3dgt)

1500VDC

Input impedance: 1M

Ω

;

Absolute voltage values <0.3V are zeroed

AC, AC+DC TRMS Voltage

Range [V]

Resolution [V]

Accuracy

Overload protection

0.1



999.9V

0.1



(1.0%rdg+3dgt)

1000VDC/ACrms

Input impedance: 1M

Ω

; Fundamental: 50/60Hz ± 15%, Bandwidth: 42.5Hz



1725Hz

Max. Crest Factor: 3 for voltage

≤

470Vrms, 1.41 for voltage >470Vrms

Voltage RMS values <1V and values with frequency external range

42.5Hz



1725Hz

are zeroed

DC Voltage: MAX/MIN/CREST (+/-)

Function Range [V]

Resolution [V]

Accuracy

Response time

MAX,MIN

-1500.0



1500.0

0.1



(3.5%rdg+5dgt)

200ms

CREST 1ms

Input impedance: 1M

Ω

;

Absolute voltage values <0.3V are zeroed

AC, AC+DC TRMS Voltage: MAX/MIN/CREST

Function Range [V]

Resolution [V]

Accuracy

Response time

MAX,MIN

1.0



999.9

0.1



(3.5%rdg+5dgt)

200ms

CREST

-1500.V



1500.0

1ms

Input impedance: 1M

Ω

; Fundamental: 50/60Hz ± 15%, Bandwidth: 42.5Hz



1725Hz

Max. Crest Factor: 3 for voltage

≤

470Vrms, 1.41 for voltage >470Vrms

MAX/MIN values <1V, CREST values < 1.4 and MAX/MIN/CREST values with frequency external range

42.5Hz



1725Hz

are zeroed

DC Current

Range [A]

Resolution [A]

Accuracy

Overload protection

0.1



999.9A

0.1A



(2.0%rdg+5dgt)

1000ADC/ACrms

AC, AC+DC TRMS Current

Range [A]

Resolution [A]

Accuracy

Overload protection

1.0



999.9A

0.1A



(1.0%rdg+5dgt)

1000ADC/ACrms

Fundamental: 50/60Hz ± 15%, Bandwidth: 42.5Hz



1725Hz

Max. Crest Factor: 3 for current

≤

515Arms, 1.41 for current >515A

Current RMS values <1A and values with frequency external range

42.5Hz



1725Hz

are zeroed

AC, AC+DC TRMS Current: MAX/MIN

Function Range

[A]

Resolution [A]

Accuracy

Response time

MAX, MAX

1.0



999.9A

0.1A



(3.5%rdg+5dgt)

Fundamental: 50/60Hz ± 15%, Bandwidth: 42.5Hz



1725Hz

Max. Crest Factor: 3 for current

≤

515Arms, 1.41 for current >515A

MAX/MIN values <1A and MAX/MIN values with frequency external range

42.5Hz



1725Hz

are zeroed

Resistance and Continuity test

Range [



] Resolution

[



]

Accuracy

Overload protection

0.0





199.9



0.1





(2.0



rdg+5dgt)

1000VDC/ACrms

200





1999



2.00k





19.99k



0.01k



20.0k





29.9k



0.1k



Buzzer ON if R



RLIM, RLIM range: 1



150



Frequency (with test leads/ with jaws)

Range [Hz]

Resolution [Hz]

Accuracy

Overload protection

42.5



69.0Hz

0.1Hz



(1.0%rdg+5dgt)

1500VDC

1000ADC/ACrms

Voltage range for frequency measure: 0.5



1000V / Current range for frequency measure with jaws: 1



1000A

Содержание HT9023

Страница 1: ... Copyright HT ITALIA 2020 Release EN 1 01 03 07 2020 ENGLISH User manual ...

Страница 2: ...ing saved data 11 4 4 6 Memory IRC 12 5 OPERATIVE INSTRUCTIONS 13 5 1 AC Voltage detection 13 5 2 DC Voltage measurement 13 5 3 AC and AC DC Voltage measurement 15 5 3 1 Voltage Harmonics measurement 17 5 3 2 Phase Sequence and Phase Conformity with 1 wire 18 5 4 DC Current measurement 23 5 5 AC and AC DC Current measurement 25 5 5 1 Current Harmonics measurement 27 5 6 Dynamic Inrush current meas...

Страница 3: ...HT9023 EN 2 8 3 Accessories 53 8 3 1 Accessories provided 53 9 SERVICE 54 9 1 Warranty conditions 54 9 2 Service 54 10 APPENDIX THEORETICAL OUTLINE 55 10 1 Voltage and current harmonics 55 ...

Страница 4: ...nt Warning observe the instructions given in this manual improper use could damage the instrument or its components High voltage danger electrical shock hazard This symbol indicates that the clamp can operate on live conductors Double insulated meter AC voltage or current DC voltage or current Connection to earth 1 1 PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS This clamp has been designed for use in environments of ...

Страница 5: ...EMENT OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY Standard IEC EN61010 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use Part 1 General requirements defines measurement category commonly called overvoltage category In 6 7 4 Measured circuits circuits are divided into the following measurement categories OMISSIS Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of...

Страница 6: ...rs instruments measuring the value of the single wave signals TRMS True Root Mean Square VALUE meters instruments measuring the TRMS value of the quantity being tested In the presence of a perfectly sinusoidal wave both families of instruments provide identical results In the presence of distorted waves on the other hand the readings shall differ Average value meters provide the RMS value of the s...

Страница 7: ...ediately contact the forwarding agent We also recommend to check whether the package contains all components indicated in 8 3 In case of discrepancy please contact the Dealer In case the instrument should be replaced please carefully follow the instructions given in 9 2 3 2 INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY The instrument is supplied by 2x1 5V LR03 AAA batteries Replace them following the instructions in 5 ...

Страница 8: ...6 F1 F2 F3 F4 OK function keys 7 LCD display 8 Input terminal V 9 Input terminal COM Fig 1 Instrument description 4 1 1 Alignment marks Put the conductor as close as possible to the middle of the jaws on the intersection of the indicated marks see Fig 2 in order to meet the meter accuracy specifications CAPTION 1 Alignment marks 2 Conductor Fig 2 Alignment marks ...

Страница 9: ...e hand protection This protection is always located in a suitable position to guarantee a correct safety distance from possible exposed or live parts see Fig 3 4 1 3 Indication of the conventional direction of Current The Fig 4 shows an arrow which indicates the conventional direction of current Fig 4 Current direction arrow ...

Страница 10: ... been provided with a backlight function which is turned on and off by long pressing H key If the feature is set in MAN mode see 4 4 the backlight deactivates after approximately 30 seconds after its activation in order to save battery life The same key identify the ESC Exit functionality inside the different modes of the instrument 4 3 INITIAL SCREEN When switching on the instrument the initial s...

Страница 11: ...t of display The symbol is displayed with auto power off feature activated and the instrument switches off after approx 5 minutes of idleness Backlight In this section it is possible to select the activation mode of display backlight Press F2 F3 keys for the selection of the MAN option backlight manually activated by pressing H key and disable after approx 30 seconds or ON backlight always active ...

Страница 12: ...s shown on the display The meaning of the items are the follows Sxx Indicates the saving of an instant sampling Snapshot performed by the instrument see 6 2 together with the date time in which it was saved The number xx indicates the memory location used Lxx indicates the saving of a recording Logger performed by the instrument see 5 7 and 5 8 together with the date time when it was started The n...

Страница 13: ...ESC key to exit and return to the general menu Press F4 OK to confirm the operations Del Esc OK I 0 1 1 3 1 2 1 0 4 1 2 0 I 0 2 1 3 1 2 1 0 4 4 2 1 I 0 3 1 3 1 2 1 0 4 5 0 1 I 0 4 1 3 1 2 1 0 4 5 5 8 17 01 18 34 23 Press the F2 Del key to clear the data in the memory The followed screen is shown on the display Use the F2 key to section the below items Del Tot Delete all contents of the memory Del ...

Страница 14: ...o V position 5 2 DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT CAUTION The maximum DC input voltage is 1500V When the display shows 1500 0V it means that the maximum value that clamp is capable of measuring has been exceeded Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument The CAT III 1000V marking on test leads guarantees the safe measurement of voltage up to 1500V Fig 5...

Страница 15: ... through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum value of the measured DC Voltage Min it constantly displays the minimum value of the measured DC Voltage Cr it constantly displays the maximum positive crest value Cr it constantly displays the minimum negative crest value RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min Cr and Cr values and re start with a new measure ESC it go...

Страница 16: ...uld result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument Fig 6 AC and AC DC voltage measurement 1 By positioning the selector switch to V the screen nearby will appear Mod Har Fnc A C 4 2 5 H z 0 0 V 17 01 18 34 23 2 Press F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen aside and select the AC or AC DC option with the same key 3 Press F4 OK to confirm Modd Har Fnc OK A C 4 2 ...

Страница 17: ...ugh the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum value of the measured AC DC Voltage Min it constantly displays the minimum value of the measured AC DC Voltage Cr it constantly displays the maximum positive crest value Cr it constantly displays the minimum negative crest value RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min Cr and Cr values and re start with a new measure Esc it g...

Страница 18: ...plays the maximum RMS value of the selected current harmonic Min it constantly displays the minimum RMS value of the selected current harmonic Abs it displays the absolute value of the harmonics in Volts it displays the value of the harmonics as percentage value with respect to the fundamental RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min values and re start with a new measure Esc it goes back to a norm...

Страница 19: ...perator s hand Phase sequence test Fig 7 Verification of phase sequence 1 Press F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen nearby and select the Ph Seq option with the same key 2 Press F4 OK to confirm The followed screen is shown on the display Mod Har Fnc OK A C 4 2 5 H z 0 V 17 01 18 34 23 AC DC AC DC Ph Seq Help ...

Страница 20: ...is displayed Do not press any key and keep the test lead connected to L1 phase cable Mod Go P h S e q PH1 M e a s 17 01 18 34 23 6 Once phase L1 acquisition is complete the instrument stops the acoustic signal and the Discon Message is shown Disconnect the test lead from phase L1 cable Mod Go P h S e q Discon W a i t 17 01 18 34 23 7 The message PH2 is shown and the instrument waits for the detect...

Страница 21: ...ted to L2 phase cable P h S e q PH2 M e a s 17 01 18 34 23 9 If the two phases to which the test lead has been connected are in the correct sequence the message 123 is displayed If the phase sequence is incorrect the message 132 is displayed 10 To start a new measurement press F4 Go Mod Go P h S e q 123 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 22: ... Verification of phase conformity 1 The instrument shows the screen nearby and waits for the detection of L1 phase of the first system 2 Connect the red cable to the input lead V then position the lead on the L1 phase of the first system of the circuit under test see Fig 8 Mod Go P h S e q PH1 W a i t 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 23: ...to L1 phase of the second system see Fig 8 Mod Go P h S e q PH2 W a i t 17 01 18 34 23 CAUTION If more than 3 seconds elapse before detecting the phase L1 of the second sequence the instrument displays the message Time Out It is necessary to repeat the measuring cycle from the beginning by pressing F3 New key and starting again from step 1 6 When a voltage 100V is detected the instrument emits a s...

Страница 24: ...f measuring has been exceeded Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument We recommend holding the clamp respecting the safety area created by the hand protection see Fig 3 Fig 9 DC current measurement 1 After positioning the selector switch to A the screen nearby will appear Mod Har Fnc Zro A C 4 2 5 H z 0 0 A 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 25: ...n menu shown on the screen aside At each subsequent pressure of key F3 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum value of DC current Min it constantly displays the minimum selected value of DC current RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min Cr and Cr values and re start with a new measure Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode Mod Fnc...

Страница 26: ...able of measuring has been exceeded Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument We recommend holding the clamp respecting the safety area created by the hand protection see Fig 3 Fig 10 AC and AC DC current measurement 1 Positioning the selector switch to A the screen nearby will appear Mod Har Fnc Zro A C 4 2 5 H z 0 0 A 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 27: ...8 34 23 7 Press F3 Fnc to open the drop down menu shown on the screen aside At each subsequent pressure of key F3 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum value of AC DC current Min it constantly displays the minimum selected value of AC DC current Cr it constantly displays the maximum positive crest value Cr it constantly displays the mi...

Страница 28: ...ys the maximum RMS value of the selected current harmonic Min it constantly displays the minimum RMS value of the selected current harmonic Abs it displays the absolute value of the harmonics it displays the value of the harmonics as percentage value with respect to the fundamental RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min values and re start with a new measure Esc it goes back to a normal measuring...

Страница 29: ...ocks to the user and damage to the instrument We recommend holding the clamp respecting the safety area created by the hand protection see Fig 3 Currents 2A are zeroed Fig 11 Dynamic Inrush current measurement 1 Positioning the selector switch to A Dynamic Inrush the screen nearby will appear Mod Dsp Lim Run D y n a m i c IRC A F I X L I M 2 A 17 01 18 34 23 2 Press F1 Mod to select the inrush cur...

Страница 30: ...the cable to the middle of the clamp jaws in order to get accurate measurements see Fig 11 Use the marks as a reference see Fig 2 8 Press F4 Run key to start the detection of the inrush current event Press F4 Stp to stop the detection of the inrush current event in any time After the detection of the event when the measured current is over the limit threshold the measurement is automatically stopp...

Страница 31: ... 4 4 6 It is possible to save up to 20 IRC measurements in the memory Then the message MEM FULL is shown in the lower part of the display Mod Par Lim Run D y n a m i c IRC 100ms A Fix LIM 2A 17 01 18 34 23 11 Press F4 Run to start a new measurement or move the selector to exit from the function ...

Страница 32: ...its given in this manual Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument We recommend holding the clamp respecting the safety area created by the hand protection see Fig 3 Fig 12 DC power energy measurement 1 After positioning the selector switch to W the screen aside will appear Mod Par Fnc Zro A C D C 4 2 5 H z kW kVa ri k VA 1 P 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 33: ...1 18 34 23 5 Connect red cable to input lead V and black cable to input lead COM Position red lead to and black lead to then connect cable to the clamp jaws respecting the direction of current indicated by the arrow see Fig 12 Connect the cable to the middle of the clamp jaws in order to get accurate measurements Use the marks as a reference see Fig 2 6 The value of DC power is displayed expressed...

Страница 34: ...ivates the recording at the next 00 instant Mod Par Fnc D C 0 00 kWh W a i t 17 01 18 34 23 11 With recording in progress the message Rec is shown on the display Press the F3 Fnc key to select the Info option and confirm with the F4 OK key to view the registration information The followed screen is shown on the display Mod Par Fnc D C 3 20 kWh R e c 17 01 18 35 00 12 The followed parameters are in...

Страница 35: ... the measured parameter RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min values and re start with a new measure Start Log start a new recording with integration period set in 4 4 3 Snapshot it allows the saving of an instant sampling whose reference is visible in the Memory REC section of the instrument see 4 4 5 Download it allows to perform the WiFi data transfer to PC of saved data via TopView software ...

Страница 36: ... in this manual Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument We recommend holding the clamp respecting the safety area created by the hand protection see Fig 3 Fig 13 AC AC DC power measure on Single phase and balanced Three phase systems 1 After positioning the selector switch to W the screen aside will appear Mod Par Fnc A C D C 4 2 5 H z kW k...

Страница 37: ...g on the type of system under test Put the phase cable into the clamp jaws respecting the direction of current indicated by the arrow see Fig 13 Connect the cable to the middle of the clamp jaws in order to get accurate measurements Use the marks as a reference see Fig 2 7 The value of AC powers active reactive and apparent is displayed The instrument allows the evaluation of possible DC component...

Страница 38: ...he following screen is displayed Mod Par Fnc OK D C 1 60 kW 1 P 17 01 18 34 23 12 Pressing F1 or F4 it is possible to move the cursor over the graph and select the harmonic to be measured The correspondent absolute or percentage value of harmonic voltage is displayed It is possible to measure up to the 25th harmonic Par Fnc h05 2 3 V ThdV 2 4 17 01 18 34 23 13 Press F2 Par to open the drop down me...

Страница 39: ...ics as percentage value with respect to the fundamental RST RESET it deletes all stored Max Min values and re start with a new measure Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode Par Fnc OK H01 100 0 V ThdV 10 0 17 01 18 34 23 CAUTION Since the menu contains functions with a different meaning Max Min and Abs it is necessary to enter the menu twice once for displaying Abs or values and second time ...

Страница 40: ...he followed screen is shown on the display Mod Par Fnc A C D C 0 00 k Wh 0 00 kVar ih 0 00 kVarch R e c 17 01 18 35 00 21 The followed parameters are indicated Date time of start recording Set integration period Number of saved period until this moment Recording autonomy Esc S t a r t 1 7 0 1 1 8 3 5 0 0 I n t P e r i o d 0 0 5 N P e r i o d 0 0 0 5 4 A u t o n o 0 0 d 1 0 h 17 01 18 37 43 22 Pres...

Страница 41: ...hot it allows the saving of an instant sampling whose reference is visible in the Memory REC section of the instrument see 4 4 5 Download it allows to perform the WiFi data transfer to PC of saved data via TopView software or to mobile devices via APP HTAnalysis see 6 1 Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode Mod Par Fnc OK A C 5 0 0 H z 21 47 kW 7 68 kVa ri 22 90 k VA 1 P 17 01 18 34 23 24 Pr...

Страница 42: ... CAUTION Before attempting any resistance measurement remove power from the circuit under test and discharge all capacitors if present Fig 14 Resistance measurement 1 Positioning the selector switch to the screen aside will appear Mod Fnc 30 0 kΩ 17 01 18 34 23 ...

Страница 43: ...tion on setting of maximum limit on the continuity test refer to 4 4 4 Mod Fnc OK 30 0 kΩ 17 01 18 34 23 8 While measuring Resistance or Continuity press F2 Fnc to open the drop down menu shown on the screen aside At each subsequent pressure of F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum resistance value measured Min it constantly display...

Страница 44: ...of the parameters measured via TopView software 6 1 DOWNLOAD SAVED DATA 1 Positioning the selector switch to W the screen aside will appear Mod Par Fnc A C D C 4 2 5 H z kW kVa ri k VA 1 P 17 01 18 34 23 2 Press the F3 Fnc key select the Download option and confirm with the F4 OK key the screen aside will appear Mod Par Fnc OK A C D C 5 0 0 H z k Wh kVar ih kVar ch 1 P 17 01 18 34 23 3 The Wait me...

Страница 45: ...connect it as shown as an example in the following Fig 15 Fig 15 WiFi connection of instrument to PC example 6 Launch the TopView software open the PC Instrument connection section run the Find the instrument command and check recognition see Fig 16 Fig 16 Instrument detection inside software TopView ...

Страница 46: ...r Fig 17 Selection data for download 8 The software allows to save the followed types of files HED and PER extension Viewing parameters of a recording RECORDING DAT extension Viewing parameters of instant snapshots SAMPLING IRC extension Graphic viewing of inrush currents IRC 9 Open the Data Analysis section of TopView click on the Import command to select and open the downloaded files Fig 18 Open...

Страница 47: ...ternal WiFi connection Wait 17 01 18 34 23 4 After a few seconds the Onl message is shown in the lower part of the display to indicate that the WiFi connection is active on the instrument Modd Par Fnc OK A C 4 2 5 H z kW kVari kVA O n l 17 01 18 34 23 5 Connect the instrument to the system under test as shown in 5 7 or 5 8 6 Connect the instrument to a PC via WiFi connection and TopView software a...

Страница 48: ... of values in the form of tables waveforms harmonics graphs and vector diagram as shown in the Fig 20 Fig 20 Real time visualization of parameters 9 Press the F1 Mod key select the Esc option and press the F4 OK to confirm the choice in order to exit from the OnLine mode Alternatively turn the selector to another position ...

Страница 49: ...ne and or tablet devices for the transfer of measurement data via HTAnalysis APP Operate as follows 1 Download and install the HTAnalysis on the desired mobile device Android iOS 2 Put the instrument in data transfer mode via WiFi see 6 1 and 6 2 3 Refer to the HTAnalysis instructions for managing the operation ...

Страница 50: ...rrying out this operation make sure you have removed all cables from input leads or the cable under test from clamp jaws 1 Turn the switch on OFF position 2 Disconnect the cables from the inputs and the cable under test from the clamp jaws 3 Loosen the screws from battery cover and remove it 4 Remove the flat batteries from the battery compartment 5 Insert two new batteries of the same type see 8 ...

Страница 51: ...ge 470Vrms MAX MIN values 1V CREST values 1 4 and MAX MIN CREST values with frequency external range 42 5Hz 1725Hz are zeroed DC Current Range A Resolution A Accuracy Overload protection 0 1 999 9A 0 1A 2 0 rdg 5dgt 1000ADC ACrms AC AC DC TRMS Current Range A Resolution A Accuracy Overload protection 1 0 999 9A 0 1A 1 0 rdg 5dgt 1000ADC ACrms Fundamental 50 60Hz 15 Bandwidth 42 5Hz 1725Hz Max Cres...

Страница 52: ...f 0 9 For Current 10A add 4 rdg to the accuracy Active Energy AC AC DC TRMS Range kWh Resolution kWh Accuracy 0 001 9 999 0 001 3 0 rdg 10dgt 10 00 99 99 0 01 100 0 999 9 0 1 Accuracy referred for sinusoidal waveform 42 5 69Hz Voltage 10V Current 10A Pf 0 5 For Current 10A add 7 rdg to the accuracy Reactive Energy AC AC DC TRMS Range kVARh Resolution kVARh Accuracy 0 001 9 999 0 001 3 0 rdg 10dgt ...

Страница 53: ...s Jaw opening Max cable size 45mm 1 8 in Mechanical protection IP20 Output interface Type of connection WiFi Power supply Battery type 2 batteries x 1 5V LR 03 AAA Battery life approx 40 hours of use in W position Auto power OFF after 5 min of idleness disabled Memory Memory capacity 2MB Recordings Inrush current snapshots saving max 20 each with max 10 events Log Snapshot saving max 99 files Samp...

Страница 54: ...x height of use 2000m 6562ft This instrument satisfies the requirements of Low Voltage Directive 2014 35 EU LVD and of EMC Directive 2014 30 EU This instrument satisfies the requirements of 2011 65 EU RoHS directive and 2012 19 EU WEEE directive 8 3 ACCESSORIES 8 3 1 Accessories provided Pair of test leads Pair of alligator clips Carrying bag Batteries TOPVIEWS PC Windows software ISO9000 calibrat...

Страница 55: ...ried out by a person not authorized by the company Faults due to modifications made without explicit authorisation of our technical department Faults due to adaptation to a particular application not provided for by the definition of the equipment or by the instruction manual The contents of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form without our authorization Our products are patented Our logoty...

Страница 56: ...frequencies For network voltage the fundamental has a frequency of 50 Hz the second harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hz the third harmonic has a frequency of 150 Hz and so on Harmonic distortion is a continuous problem and must not be confused with short duration phenomena such as peaks drops or fluctuations It can be seen from 1 that each signal consists of the sum of infinite harmonics However an...

Страница 57: ...lectrical systems In most countries the network voltage used is three phase 50 60Hz supplied by a transformer with triangle connected primary circuit and star connected secondary circuit The secondary circuit generally generates 230V AC between phase and neutral and 400V AC between phase and phase Balancing loads for each phase has always been a problem for electrical system designers Approximatel...

Страница 58: ...ect on protected wires Increase of iron loss due to hysteresis cycle distortion and due to the generation of leakage currents on the magnetic core Heating of insulation material due to a possible DC component that can generate saturation of the magnetic core column Motors Increase of loss due to overheating of internal circuits and possible damage of insulation material The 5th and 11 th harmonic ...

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