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HT9022

EN - 54

9.7. CONSEQUENCE

THE PRESENCE OF HARMONICS

Generally, harmonics of even, 2

, 4

etc. order do not create problems.

Designers must consider the following points when designing a power distribution system
containing harmonic currents:

Installation parts

Effects attributed to Harmonics

Fuses

Non-uniform heating of internal fuse element and consequent overheating which can also lead to

an explosion of the fuse casing.

Cables

Increase in “body” effect; this means that, for cables with many wires, the internal wires have

higher impedance than the external wires.

As a consequence, current, which normally distributes along the external surface of the wire,

produces:
– over-heating of the conductor;
– a premature degrading of the cable’s insulation;
– an increase in line voltage drop.

Neutral

conductor

Triple harmonics, odd multiple of three, sum on neutral (instead of nullifying themselves), thus

generating a potentially dangerous overheating of the conductor.

Transformers

Increase in copper loss due to a higher TRMS value of the current that circulates on internal

circuits, and also due to the “body” effect on protected wires.

Increase of iron loss due to hysteresis cycle distortion and due to the generation of leakage

currents on the magnetic core.

Heating of insulation material due to a possible DC component that can generate saturation of the

magnetic core column.

Motors

Increase of loss due to overheating of internal circuits and possible damage of insulation material.

The 5

and 11

harmonic components generate some abnormal electromagnetic coupling that

can increase motor speed.

Re-phasing

capacitors

Increase in “parallel resonance” present inside a circuit, due to inductive loads and re-phasing

capacitors, when at least one of the harmonics has the same frequency as the resonance

phenomenon.

Effects of this event can be very dangerous, with explosion of used re-phasing capacitors.

RCD devices

Possible saturation of current sensing toroidal transducers resulting in malfunction, both in terms

of untimely intervention and increase of the intervention threshold.

Energy disk

counters

Increased rotation speed of a disk resulting in measurement errors (especially in case of low

power factor loads).

Power controls

switch

Reduction of electric duration of contact surfaces.

UPS

Reduced power generation from UPS.

Electronics

devices

Internal damage of electronic components not protected by suitable devices.

www.

.com

[email protected]

1.800.561.8187

Содержание HT9022

Страница 1: ... Copyright HT ITALIA 2011 Release EN 1 02 26 05 2011 ENGLISH User manual www com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 ...

Страница 2: ...www com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 ...

Страница 3: ...2 4 InRush 13 5 2 5 Continuity 13 5 3 Position V DC AC DC voltage measurement and phase sequence verification 14 5 3 1 DC voltage measurement 14 5 3 1 1 Key F4 Fnz 15 5 3 1 2 Hold 15 5 3 1 3 Backlight 15 5 3 2 AC DC voltage and Voltage Harmonics measurement 16 5 3 2 1 Key F2 Par 16 5 3 2 2 AC DC voltage 16 5 3 2 2 1 Key F4 Fnz in AC DC voltage measurement 17 5 3 2 3 Voltage harmonics 17 5 3 2 3 1 ...

Страница 4: ...t Log recording 37 5 6 1 2 On line 38 5 6 1 3 Memory 39 5 6 1 4 SnapShot 39 5 6 1 5 Download 40 5 7 Position Ω Resistance and continuity measurement 41 5 7 1 Key F4 Fnz 42 5 7 1 1 Hold 42 5 7 1 2 Backlight 42 5 8 Position InRush A inrush current measurement 43 5 8 1 Virtual key Zero 44 5 8 2 Key F3 Run 44 5 8 3 Key F4 Mem 44 6 MAINTENANCE 46 6 1 General information 46 6 2 Battery replacement 46 6 ...

Страница 5: ...esent or in dusty environments Avoid contact with the circuit being measured if no measurements are being carried out Avoid contact with exposed metal parts with unused measuring probes circuits etc Do not carry out any measurement in case you find anomalies in the instrument such as deformation breaks substance leaks absence of display on the screen etc Pay special attention when measuring voltag...

Страница 6: ...e test leads to the circuit to be tested make sure that the switch is correctly set Make sure that the LCD display and the switch indicate the same function 1 2 DURING USE Please carefully read the following recommendations and instructions WARNING Failure to comply with the Caution notes and or Instructions may damage the instrument and or its components or be a source of danger for the operator ...

Страница 7: ... distribution boards circuit breakers wiring including cables bus bars junction boxes switches socket outlets in the fixed installation and equipment for industrial use and some other equipment for example stationary motors with permanent connection to fixed installation Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the low voltage installation Examples ar...

Страница 8: ...onics 1st 25th and THD up to 75Hz 1st 8th above 75Hz AC current harmonics 1st 25th and THD up to 75Hz 1st 8th above 75Hz DC power Frequency on voltage leads and current clamp jaw Resistance and continuity test with buzzer Electric motor starting currents INRUSH Detection of presence of AC voltage with and without contact with in built sensor in the clamp jaw Each of these functions can be selected...

Страница 9: ...nly if the wave is perfectly sinusoidal In case it is distorted TRMS meters shall provide higher values than the values read by average value meters 2 2 DEFINITION OF TRUE ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE AND CREST FACTOR The root mean square value of current is defined as follows In a time equal to a period an alternating current with a root mean square value of the intensity of 1A circulating on a resisto...

Страница 10: ...e the instrument should be replaced please carefully follow the instructions given in chapter 8 2 3 2 INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY The instrument is supplied by two 1 5V LR03 AAA UM 4 batteries Battery charge duration is approximately 54 hours of continuous use in Power mode selector switch to W Replace them following the instructions in paragraph 5 2 3 3 CALIBRATION The instrument has the technical sp...

Страница 11: ...ght 6 Function keys F1 F2 F3 F4 7 LCD display 8 Input terminal VΩ 9 Input terminal COM Fig 1 Instrument description 4 1 2 Alignment marks Put the conductor as close as possible to the middle of the jaws on the intersection of the indicated marks see Fig 2 in order to meet the meter accuracy specifications CAPTION 1 Alignment marks 2 Conductor Fig 2 alignment marks www com information itm com 1 800...

Страница 12: ...s F1 F2 F3 F4 take different functions according to the measure set for detailed information see the single functions 4 2 2 Key H Short pressing key H activates the function Data HOLD i e the value of the measures quantity is frozen The symbol H is displayed when this function is enabled This operating mode is disabled when key H is pressed again or the switch is operated 4 2 3 Key To improve the ...

Страница 13: ...l number of the instrument the firmware version in the instrument s memory HT9022 Sn 10120020 V 2 00 WARNING Please note down this information especially the firmware version in case it should be necessary to contact the Service Department After a few seconds the instrument switches to the selected function www com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 ...

Страница 14: ... appear Press key F1 Sel to move the cursor and keys F2 F3 T S to change the selected item Press key F4 OK to save the changes made and go back to the previous screen see par 5 2 Language the language of the clamp may be chosen among Italian English Spanish German Swedish Danish Norwegian French Dutch Portuguese Finnish and Polish Sel OK Language Italian Auto Off OFF 19 01 17 00 00 Auto Off the au...

Страница 15: ...t The current value may be set between 5A and 900A in steps of 1A Sel OK Thres 080 Window 1 1 Mode Fix 19 01 17 00 00 Window the value of the inrush current measuring window The following values are available 1 1 sampling occurs every half period 1 2 sampling occurs one every two half periods 1 4 sampling occurs one every four half periods Mode the inrush current measuring mode Following modes are...

Страница 16: ...will appear Mod Par Fnz A C 1 0 0 H z V 19 01 17 00 00 Press key F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F1 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows AC AC DC voltage measurement DC DC voltage measurement Ph Seq verification of phase sequence Help it displays the connection diagram of the instrument to the system Mod ...

Страница 17: ...negative crest value Rst it deletes all stored Max Min Cr and Cr values Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode WARNING Note the measurement of the 4 Max Min Cr and Cr values is simultaneous regardless of the one displayed By pressing key F3 OK the selected item is confirmed To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Mod Par Fnz M a x D...

Страница 18: ...p down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Voltage it shows the measured Voltage value Voltage Har it shows the measured Voltage harmonics Esc it closes the drop down menu Select the desired parameter and press key F4 OK to confirm Mod Par OK A C 5 0 0 H z 220 5 V 19 01 17 00 00 5 3 2 2 AC DC volta...

Страница 19: ...7 00 00 5 3 2 3 Voltage harmonics The screen shows an example of Voltage Harmonics measurement By pressing keys F1 or F3 it is possible to move the cursor over the graph and to select the harmonic to be measured It is possible to measure up to the 25th harmonic for fundamental frequencies between 10Hz and 75Hz and up to the 8th harmonic for fundamental frequencies between 75Hz and 400Hz Par Fnz H0...

Страница 20: ... the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Par Fnz H01 215 0 V ThdV 10 0 Max 19 01 17 00 00 5 3 2 4 Hold Short pressing key H activates the function Data HOLD The display shows the message H and the screen of the measurement in progress is frozen This operating mode is deactivated when key H is pressed again or the switch is operated 5 3 2 5 ...

Страница 21: ...hrough the available items Select Ph Seq and press key F4 OK to confirm the selected item Mod Par Ok A C 1 0 0 H z V 19 01 17 00 00 5 3 3 1 Verification of Phase Sequence Fig 7 verification of phase sequence 1 The instrument shows the screen here to the side and waits for the detection of phase L1 2 Insert the red cable into input terminal VΩ and connect the red lead to phase L1 Fig 7 Mod Go P h S...

Страница 22: ...hase L1 cable Mod Go P h S e q Discon W a i t 19 01 17 00 00 5 The instrument shows the screen here to the side and waits for the detection of phase L2 Connect the test lead to phase L2 cable Mod Go P h S e q PH2 W a i t 19 01 17 00 00 WARNING If more than 3 seconds elapse before detecting phase L2 the instrument displays the message Time Out It is necessary to repeat the measuring cycle from the ...

Страница 23: ...easurement press key F4 Go Mod Go P h S e q 123 19 01 17 00 00 5 3 3 2 Verification of Phase Concordance Fig 8 verification of Phase Concordance 1 The instrument shows the screen here to the side and waits for the detection of phase L1 2 Insert the red cable into input terminal VΩ and connect the red lead to phase L1 of the first sequence Fig 8 Mod Go P h S e q PH1 W a i t 19 01 17 00 00 www com i...

Страница 24: ... t 19 01 17 00 00 WARNING If more than 3 seconds elapse before detecting the phase L1 of the second sequence the instrument displays the message Time Out It is necessary to repeat the measuring cycle from the beginning by pressing key F4 Go and starting from step 1 again 6 When a voltage higher than or equal to 100V is detected the instrument gives an acoustic signal buzzer and the message Meas is...

Страница 25: ... Fnz A C 1 0 0 H z A 19 01 17 00 00 Press key F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F1 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows AC AC DC voltage measurement DC DC voltage measurement Help it displays the connection between instrument and system Esc it closes the drop down menu Mod Par OK A C 1 0 0 H z A 19 01 17 00...

Страница 26: ...asuring mode WARNING Note carry out current zeroing before clamping the conductor the measurement of the 4 Max Min Cr and Cr values is simultaneous regardless of the one displayed By pressing key F3 OK the selected item is confirmed To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Mod Par Fnz M a x D C 100 0 A 19 01 17 00 00 5 4 1 2 Hold Short pr...

Страница 27: ...t each subsequent pressure of key F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Current it shows the measured current value Current Har it shows the measured Current harmonics Esc it closes the drop down menu Select the desired parameter and press key F4 OK to confirm Mod Par OK A C 5 0 0 H z 100 0 A 19 01 17 00 00 5 4 2 2 AC DC current The screen shows an example of AC DC curre...

Страница 28: ...tive function Mod Par Fnz M a x A C 5 0 0 H z 100 0 A 19 01 17 00 00 5 4 2 3 Current harmonics The screen shows an example of Current Harmonics measurement By pressing keys F1 or F3 it is possible to move the cursor over the graph and to select the harmonic to be measured It is possible to measure up to the 25th harmonic for fundamental frequencies between 10Hz and 75Hz and up to the 8th harmonic ...

Страница 29: ...To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Par Fnz H01 100 0 A ThdI 10 0 Max 19 01 17 00 00 5 4 2 4 Hold Short pressing key H activates the function Data HOLD The display shows the message H and the screen of the measurement in progress is frozen This operating mode is deactivated when key H is pressed again or the switch is operated 5 4 2 ...

Страница 30: ...Par Sys Fnz A C 1 0 0 H z kW kV ari kVA 1 P 19 01 17 00 00 Press key F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F1 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows AC 1P measurement of AC Powers on single phase system AC 3P measurement of AC Powers on three phase balanced system DC DC Power measurement Help it displays the conn...

Страница 31: ...e see Fig 2 5 5 1 1 Key F2 Par Press key F2 Par to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Power it shows the measured Power value Volt Curr it displays the measured Voltage and Current values Energy it shows the measured energy value This measurement is only active when a recording ...

Страница 32: ...the measured parameter Min it constantly displays the minimum value of the measured parameter Rst it deletes all stored Max and Min values Mod Par OK Fnz D C 0 40 kW 19 01 17 00 00 Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode By pressing key F3 OK the selected item is confirmed To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Mod Par Sys Fnz M a x...

Страница 33: ...ng mode WARNING Note carry out current zeroing before clamping the conductor By pressing key F3 OK the selected item is confirmed To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Mod Par Sys Fnz M a x D C 80 0 V 20 0 A 19 01 17 00 00 5 5 1 4 DC Energy The screen shows an example of DC Energy measurement Mod Par Sys Fnz D C 2 20 kWh L o g 19 01 17...

Страница 34: ...ure of key F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows P Q S it displays the measured values of Active Reactive and Apparent Power Pf dPf it displays the measured values of Power Factor and Cosphi Voltage Harm it shows the measured Voltage Harmonics Current Harm it shows the measured Current Harmonics Mod Par Sys OK A C 1 0 0 H z kW kVari kVA 19 01 17 00 00 Energy it shows the...

Страница 35: ...ubsequent pressure of key F4 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum value of the measured parameter Min it constantly displays the minimum value of the measured parameter Rst it deletes all stored Max and Min values Mod Par OK Fnz A C 5 0 0 H z 21 47 kW 7 68 kV ari 22 90 kVA 19 01 17 00 00 Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode By ...

Страница 36: ...he minimum value of the measured parameter Cr it constantly displays the maximum positive crest value Mod Par OK Fnz A C 5 0 0 H z 229 7 V 99 6 A 19 01 17 00 00 measured Cr it constantly displays the minimum negative crest value measured Zero it zeroes the average value of the measured current Rst it deletes all stored Max Min Cr and Cr values Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode WARNING No...

Страница 37: ...age or Current Harmonics press key F4 Fnz to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F4 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Max it constantly displays the maximum RMS value of the selected current or voltage harmonic Min it constantly displays the minimum RMS value of the selected current or voltage harmonic Abs it displa...

Страница 38: ...Short pressing key H activates the function Data HOLD The display shows the message H and the screen of the measurement in progress is frozen This operating mode is deactivated when key H is pressed again or the switch is operated 5 5 2 9 Backlight Long pressing key H activates or deactivates the display backlight This function automatically deactivates after approximately 10 seconds after being a...

Страница 39: ...eters On line it starts a Bluetooth On Line Scope Memory it shows the list of the saved data SnapShot it carries out an instant saving of the measured Mod Par Sys OK A C 5 0 0 H z 21 47 kW 7 68 kV ari 22 90 kVA 19 01 17 00 00 parameters Download it sets to the mode for downloading the data saved in the memory Esc it closes the drop down menu By pressing key F4 OK the selected item is confirmed The...

Страница 40: ... OK A C 5 0 0 H z 21 47 kW 7 68 kV ari 22 90 kVA L o g 19 01 17 01 00 On the right an example of the screen which is displayed when the item Info is selected It shows Start starting date and time of recording Int Period the integration period set see par 5 2 3 N Periods number of periods recorded Auton memory autonomy expressed in days hours Pressing key F4 Esc goes back to the parameter measuring...

Страница 41: ...essing key F1 it is possible to scroll through the following pages Press key F2 Can to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F2 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Del Tot it deletes all Recordings L and Snapshots S saved in the memory Del Last it deletes the last information saved in the memory When pressing key F3 OK ...

Страница 42: ...nload item the instrument sets to the mode for downloading the data saved in the memory and shows the screen to the side Pressing key F4 Esc goes back to the parameter measuring screen Esc Download 19 01 17 00 35 www com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 ...

Страница 43: ...he black cable into the input lead COM and connect the instrument as described in Fig 13 Press key F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F1 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows Resistance resistance measurement Continuity continuity measurement Help it displays the connection between instrument and system Esc i...

Страница 44: ...minimum resistance value measured Mod OK Fnz 50 0 kΩ 19 01 17 00 00 Rst it deletes all stored Max and Min values Esc it goes back to a normal measuring mode By pressing key F3 OK the selected item is confirmed To the side an example of measurement with active Max function The display shows the active function Mod OK Fnz M a x 50 0 kΩ 19 01 17 00 00 5 7 1 1 Hold Short pressing key H activates the f...

Страница 45: ...recording inrush currents see par 5 2 4 Mod Zero Run Mem 50Hz 01 10 10 A Fix 15A 1 1 19 01 17 00 00 Fig 14 inrush current measurement Press key F1 Mod to open the drop down menu shown on the screen to the side At each subsequent pressure of key F1 the cursor will scroll through the available items as follows 50Hz 50Hz inrush current measurement 60Hz 60Hz inrush current measurement 400Hz 400Hz inru...

Страница 46: ...date time and current value reached by the last detected event By pressing key F3 Stp again recording is stopped and the data are stored in the memory Mod Zero Stp Mem 50Hz 03 10 24 01 16 30 49 19 A Fix 15A 1 1 Log 24 01 16 30 50 If 10 events are detected while recording recording is automatically stopped 5 8 3 Key F4 Mem By pressing key F4 Mem the screen to the side appears which lists the Inrush...

Страница 47: ...maximum current value reached during the event number of the event relevant to the measuring campaign measuring modes set relevant to the measuring campaign the number of the selected location Can OK Esc 24 01 16 30 47 19A 1 10 Fix 15A 1 1 Irc03 25 01 17 05 00 By pressing key F1 it is possible to display the other events relevant to the selected campaign Pressing key F4 Esc goes back to the list o...

Страница 48: ...ved all cabled from the input leads or the cable being tested from inside the clamp jaw 1 Turn the rotary switch to the OFF position 2 Disconnect the cabled from the input leads and the cable being tested from the clamp jaw 3 Loosen the battery cover fastening screw and remove the cover 4 Remove the flat batteries from the battery compartment 5 Insert two new batteries of the same type 1 5V LR 03 ...

Страница 49: ... Uncertainty Protection against overcharge 43 63Hz 10 47Hz 63 400Hz 2000ADC ACrms 0 5 999 9A 0 1A 2 0 rdg 4dgt 3 5 rdg 5dgt Max Crest Factor 3 Corrente AC DC AC DC current MAX MIN CREST Function Range Resolution Uncertainty Response time MAX MIN CREST 0 5 999 9A 0 1A 3 5 rdg 5dgt 1sec Max Crest Factor 3 Resistance and Continuity test Range Best resolution Uncertainty Protection against overcharge ...

Страница 50: ...eform 65Hz Voltage 10V Current 5A 0 992 Pf 0 5 Reactive Energy Range kVARh Resolution kVARh Uncertainty 0 00 99 99 0 01 2 0 rdg 3dgt 100 0 999 9 0 1 Uncertainty defined for sine wave 10 65Hz Voltage 10V Current 2A 0 992 Pf 0 5 Range kVARh Resolution kVARh Uncertainty 0 00 99 99 0 01 3 0 rdg 3dgt 100 0 999 9 0 1 Uncertainty defined for sine waveform 65Hz Voltage 10V Current 5A 0 992 Pf 0 5 Power fa...

Страница 51: ...teries included approx 420g 14 8 ounces Jaw opening Max cable size 45mm 1 77 in Power supply Battery type 2 batteries x 1 5V LR 03 AAA Battery life approx 53 hours of use in W position Auto power OFF 5 min with enabled function The display shows the following symbol Display Characteristics graphic display 128x128 pixels Sampling rate 128 samples per period base sampling Updating frequency 1 s 7 2 ...

Страница 52: ...rument s specifications or in the instruction manual The content of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form without the manufacturer s authorization Our products are patented and our trademarks are registered The manufacturer reserves the right to make changes in the specifications and prices if this is due to improvements in technology 8 2 SERVICE If the instrument does not operate properly ...

Страница 53: ...ON OF POWERS IN AC 3P MODE The instrument measures the values of Rms Voltage and Rms Current and calculates the average Power values for each period The formulas for power calculation are N i i i i v N Q 1 1 3 N i i N i i i N v N S 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 Q S P S P Pf where N number of samples in the period 9 3 CALCULATION OF POWERS IN DC MODE The instrument measures the values of Avg Voltage and Avg Cu...

Страница 54: ...harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hz the third harmonic has a frequency of 150 Hz and so on Harmonic distortion is a continuous problem and must not be confused with short duration phenomena such as peaks drops or fluctuations It can be seen from 1 that each signal consists of the summation of infinite harmonics However an order number exists beyond which the value of the harmonics may be considered...

Страница 55: ... electrical systems In most countries the network voltage used is three phase 50 60Hz supplied by a transformer with triangle connected primary circuit and star connected secondary circuit The secondary circuit generally generates 230V AC between phase and neutral and 400V AC between phase and phase Balancing loads for each phase has always been a problem electrical system designers Until approxim...

Страница 56: ...rease of iron loss due to hysteresis cycle distortion and due to the generation of leakage currents on the magnetic core Heating of insulation material due to a possible DC component that can generate saturation of the magnetic core column Motors Increase of loss due to overheating of internal circuits and possible damage of insulation material The 5th and 11th harmonic components generate some ab...

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