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CRYSTAL® BATTERY USER MANUAL
the smooth passage of the gas while absorbing and
storing sufficient volumes of electrolytes to ensure
the batteries’ high performance. The oxygen can
rapidly distribute negative electrons to perform
cathode absorption and oxygen combination cycle.
SAM vs AGM
Standard AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) is a material
used to function as a separator between plates that
assists in electrolyte distribution and furthermore
helps maintain the pasting oxide on the plates. As
AGM is comprised of glass fibers, it tends to limit the
electron flow since glass is also an insulator. Our
advanced patented SAM is a super-absorbent mat
made entirely from non-insulating highly porous
organic fibers, thus SAM has better electrolyte
absorption and has better retention compared to AGM.
2.1.5 Safety Valve
A safety exhaust valve is used that has high
sensitivity and can open or close according to the
internal pressure change of the battery. Safety valves
are made of corrosion-resistant anti-aging fluorine
rubber and functions over the life of the battery to
retain the internal air pressure difference and retain
the moisture within the battery. The internal pressure
of the battery is maintained within an optimal safety
range.
* Green Rhino Crystal® batteries are extremely low
gassing batteries. See section 6.3.2 for more
information on gassing.
2.1.6 Sealing Performance
The battery compartment and covers are sealed with
rubber rings and the terminals are dual-sealed. An
epoxy resin sealing agent with low shrinkage is used
to ensure that the terminals and lids seal properly.
2.1.7 Plate Performance
The positive and negative plates are the core
electrochemical reaction region and the most
important components of the battery second to the
electrolyte. The grid is coated with lead paste and
formed after curing, drying, and other processes. The
active material of the positive and negative plates
has the following composition:
• Positive electrode plate: main component - Lead
Dioxide (PbO2);
• Negative electrode plate: main component -
Spongy Lead (Pb).
Crystal® batteries are a unique range of batteries
that were successfully developed by re-engineering
existing batteries and incorporating new patented
technologies. It has far better performance
characteristics when compared to conventional bat-
teries as a result of technological electro-chemical
breakthroughs. The fundamental issues of Lead Acid
battery like pollution, electrode sulphation, short life
cycle, poor low/high temperature performance, and
various other flaws have been significantly improved.
Green Rhino has set the highest standard for efficien-
cy, safety, long shelf and cycle life, along with excel-
lent product lifecycle and environmental credentials.
2.1
STRUCTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
2.1.1 Special Electrolyte Composition
A unique and complex technology is used to synthe-
size a range of inorganic salts and various organic
substances, thereby optimizing the reaction between
the electrolyte and the active electrode material.
These salts effectively convert the active substance
into a Crystal® that prevents it from becoming brittle
and falling off the plates, thereby extending the
service life. After sufficient cycles, the electrolyte
within the battery crystallizes, leaving very little
free-flowing electrolyte. This significantly reduces
the chance of leakage which makes the battery safe
for transport and use. The battery may be installed
and used in a variety of orientations which simplifies
system design and use. The wide range of installation
applications is possible since the risk of electrolyte
leakage is all but eliminated. The less corrosive
chemical reaction improves product safety making it
less harmful to installers and users alike.
2.1.2 Battery Enclosure
The battery enclosure is made from strong UL90 V2
flammability rated ABS plastic as a standard. It is
also available in a V0 and V1 flammability rating for
extreme temperature applications.
2.1.3 Grid and Plates
The grid is made with high-quality corrosion
resistant pure lead alloy (99.97% Lead) to ensure
excellent performance life of the positive and
negative grids. This improves the overpotential of the
anode and inhibits corrosion. Green Rhino Crystal®
batteries contain no Cadmium or Antimony further
improving the batteries’ eco-friendly status.
2.1.4 Separator - Super Absorbent Matt (SAM)
The patented separator is made of an ultra-fine
organic fiber with enhanced saturation ability and
extreme porosity. By using cathode absorption
technology to create gas recombination, the SAM
separator has extreme acid resistance and stability,
which provides sufficient porosity and maintains
2.
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS
