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January 2006

2-10

Installation

Additional Voltage Outputs

It is possible to use either of the analog current outputs as an 
additional voltage output by connecting a precision resistor from the 
current output to its return. A voltage will be produced equal to the 
output current times the load resistance. To produce a voltage output 
range of 1 to 5 volts, connect a 250 ohm resistor (0.1% tolerance 
recommended).

Using a 250 ohm resistor, the voltage output is calculated by::

yielding an output voltage of 1.92V for this example.

Alarm Outputs

 Each alarm output connects to the contacts of a 5-Amp, Form C 
(SPDT) relay.

Make connections as follows:

•

For normally open contacts, connect to NO and COM.

•

For normally closed contacts, connect to NC and COM.

Any available parameter can be used to control an alarm relay by 
programming the parameter name and its threshold values. An alarm 
can also be programmed to monitor the state of the Control, PACER 
Balance, or Service indicators. (See Chapter 4, 5 or 6 for 
programming instructions).

Two threshold values are programmed for each parameter—an upper 
and a lower value. These values designate an alarm band. How they 
are used depends on the alarm type programmed. Details of the alarm 
bands are shown below.

Vout

Tactual Tlower

–

(

)

Tupper Tlower

–

(

)

----------------------------------------------

5 1

–

(

)

×

1

+

=

23 0

–

(

)

100 0

–

(

)

---------------------

4

×

1

+

1.92V

=

Содержание Optica

Страница 1: ...GE Sensing Optica General Eastern Dew Point Analyzer Operator s Manual ...

Страница 2: ... Point Analyzer Operator s Manual A40238752C January 2006 The Optica Dew Point Analyzer is a General Eastern Instruments product General Eastern Instruments has joined other GE high technology sensing businesses under a new name GE Sensing ...

Страница 3: ...anties arising from course of dealing or usage or trade Return Policy If a GE Infrastructure Sensing instrument malfunctions within the warranty period the following procedure must be completed 1 Notify GE Infrastructure Sensing giving full details of the problem and provide the model number and serial number of the instrument If the nature of the problem indicates the need for factory service GE ...

Страница 4: ...1 2 Front Panel 1 2 Input Output Capability 1 3 The System 1 3 System Components 1 3 System Planning 1 3 Sensors 1 3 Dew Point Sensors 1 4 Temperature Sensor 1 4 Pressure Sensor 1 4 Theory of Operation 1 4 Hygrometer Function 1 4 Hygrometer Calibration 1 5 Other Hygrometer Applications 1 6 The PACER Cycle 1 6 ...

Страница 5: ...6 Wiring the Wall Mount 2 7 Output Wiring 2 8 Analog Outputs 2 9 Alarm Outputs 2 10 Serial Output 2 12 Sensor Information 2 12 Sampling Lines 2 13 Ensuring Heat Transfer 2 14 High Dew Point Measurements 2 14 Filter Requirements 2 15 Flow Rate 2 15 Sensor Installation 2 16 Model 1111H Sensor 2 16 Model D 2 Sensor 2 16 Model 1311DR Sensor 2 17 Model 1311XR Sensor 2 18 Model SIM 12H Heated Sensor and...

Страница 6: ...ually Entering Pressure 3 4 Measuring at a Different Pressure 3 4 Scenario 1 Measurement Without Enabling the Process Pressure Feature 3 5 Scenario 2 Measurement Requiring the Process Pressure Feature 3 6 Status Line Indications 3 8 Factory Default Settings 3 9 Sensor Balancing 3 10 Helpful Hints For Operating the Unit 3 10 Supercooled Dew Points 3 11 Contamination 3 11 Mirror Flooding 3 13 Sample...

Страница 7: ...quations 4 4 Menu 1 4 6 Analog Outputs 4 6 Pressure Input 4 7 Alarms 4 8 Automatic Cleaning and Balance Function 4 9 Data Fields 4 11 Buzzer Sound 4 11 Network Menu 4 12 Datalog 4 13 Download Screen 4 14 Menu 2 4 15 General 4 16 Special 4 16 User Equation 4 16 Communication Parameters 4 17 Serial Output Data 4 18 Set Time Date 4 19 Restore Defaults 4 19 Saving Configuration Files 4 20 ...

Страница 8: ... Set Time and Date 5 12 Special 5 12 User Default Settings 5 12 Factory Calibrations 5 12 Chapter 6 Network Based Programming Introduction 6 1 Programming Screens 6 1 Chapter 7 Maintenance Minor Maintenance of Sensor Optics 7 1 Cleaning the Sensor Mirror 7 1 Balancing the Sensor Optics 7 2 Field Replacement of Sensor Mirrors 7 4 Replacing the Sensor Mirror 7 5 Test and Calibration 7 6 Troubleshoot...

Страница 9: ...x B Humidity Equations and Conversion Chart Introduction B 1 Vapor Pressure B 1 Humidity B 2 Appendix C Configuring the Serial Interface Wiring to a Personal Computer C 1 Appendix D Chilled Mirror Sensors Introduction D 1 Depression D 1 Measurement Range D 2 Comparing Optica Models D 3 Appendix E Glossary Appendix F Automatic Balance for earlier software versions Programming Automatic Balance for ...

Страница 10: ... Computer Communication G 1 Determining the Available Commands G 2 Retrieving the Alarm Settings G 3 Retrieving the Alarm Types G 4 Retrieving Supported Units G 5 Retrieving Labels and Functions G 6 Retrieving Analog Output Information G 8 Retrieving the Measured and Calculated Values G 8 4X40 Optica Configuration G 10 ...

Страница 11: ...Chapter 1 ...

Страница 12: ...Features and Capabilities Introduction 1 1 Electronics Enclosure 1 2 The System 1 3 Sensors 1 3 Theory of Operation 1 4 The PACER Cycle 1 6 ...

Страница 13: ... from 500 ppbv to over 5 71 105 ppmv The Optica also measures and displays gas pressure using a GE Infrastructure Sensing PT 30A or PT 300A pressure sensor or a user supplied 4 20mA or 0 5 VDC pressure sensor Note If the pressure is known to be constant a fixed pressure can be programmed eliminating the need for a pressure sensor Using the Optica you can simultaneously measure and display dew poin...

Страница 14: ...Front Panel The Optica s front panel is shown in Figure 1 1 below The panel includes a display an alphanumeric keypad for data entry ENTER and TAB keys and four softkeys to the right of the display screen Two display options are available a high resolution full color liquid crystal display LCD with data graphing and on screen programming capability referred to as the VGA unit See Figure 1 1 below ...

Страница 15: ...or a wide variety of measurement applications including the measurement of dew points of gasses that are at pressures that exceed the measurement range of GEI s sensors In this situation be sure to check the section Process Pressure on page 3 4 for installation planning Sensors The Optica can be configured with a chilled mirror dew point sensor The specific sensor is chosen according to the expect...

Страница 16: ...e 1 5 illustrates how GE Infrastructure Sensing hygrometers detect and measure dew point The condensate mirror is illuminated with a high intensity solid state light emitting diode LED A photodetector monitors the LED light reflected from the mirror The photodetector is fully illuminated when the mirror is clear of dew and it receives less light as dew forms A separate LED and photodetector pair a...

Страница 17: ...n local laboratories to calibrate lower echelon instruments Caution Field calibration is not recommended Hygrometers used as calibration standards must have the following characteristics The mirror thermometer must have suitable long term accuracy such as that obtained with a platinum resistance thermometer A means should be provided for viewing the dew or frost formation on the mirror Figure 1 2 ...

Страница 18: ...ion measuring sub ambient dew points a two stage thermoelectrically cooled mirror can reach a temperature approximately 65 C lower than an ambient heat sink temperature of 25 C The thermoelectric cooler pumps heat from the mirror into the heat sink By reducing the temperature of the heat sink with a coolant such as chilled water or by applying the sensor in a low temperature condition such as moni...

Страница 19: ...ll the puddles have evaporated dry islands of crystallized salt are left on the mirror The area between the islands 80 85 of the mirror surface is now clean and shiny whereas before the PACER cycle it may have been completely covered The total amount of contamination has not been reduced but instead redistributed as shown in Figure 1 4 below with more clean mirror surface available for dew formati...

Страница 20: ...Chapter 2 ...

Страница 21: ...Installation Introduction 2 1 Benchtop Installation 2 1 Wall Mount Installation 2 6 Output Wiring 2 8 Sensor Information 2 12 Sensor Installation 2 16 ...

Страница 22: ...the Optica the various sensors used with the system and the I O and power wiring Benchtop Installation Mounting the Benchtop The Optica benchtop dimensions are shown in Figure 2 1 below Two feet on the bottom of the case can be unfolded to raise up the front for easier viewing if desired Figure 2 1 Optica Benchtop Dimenisons ...

Страница 23: ... standard 19 inch rack see Figure 2 2 below Figure 2 3 on page 2 3 and Figure 2 4 on page 2 4 The two brackets are attached to the front panel using four No 8 screws The Optica is mounted to the brackets using the eight mounting holes located just in front of and behind the unit s feet Figure 2 2 Optica Rack Mount Adapter ...

Страница 24: ...28 2 6 52 165 6 2 69 68 3 3 91 99 3 19 00 482 6 14 62 371 3 12 53 318 3 0 50 12 7 2 19 55 6 1 32 33 5 2 88 73 2 2 38 60 5 8 75 222 3 4 00 101 6 3 00 76 2 2 74 69 6 3 23 82 0 18 25 463 6 13 53 343 7 7 07 179 6 0 59 15 0 0 09 2 3 FH 032 8 4 places 0 38 9 7 Note Dimensions are in inches millimeters ...

Страница 25: ...cket Note Dimensions are in inches millimeters 0 66 16 8 0 75 19 1 1 44 36 6 11 00 279 4 1 50 38 1 1 13 28 7 1 00 25 4 1 09 27 7 0 55 14 0 3 91 99 3 5 86 148 8 6 00 152 4 0 98 24 9 3 19 81 0 1 82 46 2 0 59 15 0 0 80 20 3 3 03 77 0 1 00 25 4 1 00 25 4 12 41 315 2 1 04 26 4 ...

Страница 26: ... operates over a range of 200 to 253 VAC The Optica s voltage and frequency rating are listed on the rear panel Sensors Connect the dew point sensor cable to the 25 pin connector in Slot B on the Optica s rear panel see Figure 2 5 below Connect the optional temperature sensor cable to the 9 pin connector in Slot B on the rear panel The optional pressure sensor and other I O wiring connects to the ...

Страница 27: ...urface such as a wall or panel To mount the wall mount version see Figure 2 6 and Figure 2 7 below Mounting the Wall Mount Figure 2 6 Optica Wall Mount Dimenisons Figure 2 7 Optica Wall Mount Mounting Hole Locations is recommended 1 4 hardware below unit for cabling Allow adequate space 17 43 443 mm Ø 261 6 63 mm 2 places ...

Страница 28: ... left side of the case Wiring for these connections is shown in Figure 2 11 on page 2 8 The dew point sensor and temperature sensor cable connectors are located near the center of this panel Figure 2 8 Wall Mount Wiring Entrance Locations Figure 2 9 Wall Mount Bottom Panel viewed from under the unit DEW POINT Gland for I O Wiring IN OUT LAN COM Optional Ethernet LAN Connector Serial Port Dew Point...

Страница 29: ... 2 5 shows the location of the benchtop terminal blocks and Figure 2 11 below shows the Slot A connections The Wall Mount Optica input output terminal blocks are located inside the front door as shown in Figure 2 8 on page 2 7 Cabling is brought in through the gland on the bottom of the unit and wired to the terminal blocks shown in Figure 2 11 below Note Output programming is described in Chapter...

Страница 30: ...DC output connect to terminals labelled 0 5 and RTN Note The maximum load allowed for voltage output is 5 mA Example Assume a temperature output scaled to range from 0 C Tlower to 100 C Tupper with a measured actual temperature of 23 C Tactual The voltage output is calculated by yielding an output voltage of 1 15V The current output is calculated by yielding an output current of 7 68 mA Vout Tactu...

Страница 31: ...rm output connects to the contacts of a 5 Amp Form C SPDT relay Make connections as follows For normally open contacts connect to NO and COM For normally closed contacts connect to NC and COM Any available parameter can be used to control an alarm relay by programming the parameter name and its threshold values An alarm can also be programmed to monitor the state of the Control PACER Balance or Se...

Страница 32: ...he upper limit and deactivated when the parameter goes below the lower limit Figure 2 12 Set Point Alarm Inner Band Alarm For the Inner Band alarm type the alarm relay activates whenever the parameter value is between the lower and upper limits Figure 2 13 Inner Band Alarm Outer Band Alarm For the Outer Band alarm the alarm relay activates whenever the parameter value is greater than the upper lim...

Страница 33: ... parity can all be programmed using the menus Sensor Information GE Infrastructure Sensing produces a variety of sensors compatible with the Optica ranging from one to five stages of thermoelectric cooling A comparison chart listing specifications of each sensor is given in Appendix E The following sections provide information on installing the following GE Infrastructure Sensing dew point sensors...

Страница 34: ...inch diameter tubing unless otherwise specified at the time of order The material used for the inlet lines can have an important effect on the validity of the readings Do not use rubber hose or plastic tubing such as PVC or Tygon because of their hygroscopic nature When measuring frost points below 30 C sample gas leaving the sensor outlet should be vented through an additional line three to six f...

Страница 35: ... a liquid heat exchanger or a temperature controlled electric hot plate or installed in a heated enclosure GE Infrastructure Sensing recommends closed loop active control of the elevated sensor body temperature The sensor base should be coated with zinc oxide filled silicone thermal grease and securely anchored to the heat sink with suitable fasteners Allow hour for the sensor to reach thermal equ...

Страница 36: ...followed by a type BX filter A type CI filter can be used to remove hydrocarbon vapors If the sample gas is heavily and routinely contaminated we recommend using a quick change filter element Avoid using glass wool cellulose and other hygroscopic materials as a filter medium Flow Rate It is important to have adequate flow through the sensor Too little flow can slow the response particularly at ver...

Страница 37: ...lled Mirror Sensor Comparison Chart in Appendix D Figure 2 15 Model 111H Sensor Model D 2 Sensor The Model D 2 is a general purpose two stage sensor with 65 C 117 F of depression capability It features wetted parts of stainless steel and glass for durability in demanding industrial applications The Model D 2 can be used as a benchtop sensor mounted to a heat sink or mounted to a cooling fan for ma...

Страница 38: ...urements a chilled water coolant loop can be used for cooling Make sure the fan switch is off when using liquid cooling Sample flow rates from 0 5 to 5 standard cubic feet per hour 0 25 to 2 5 liters per minute should be used Caution If it can be avoided do not operate the sensor continuously at or near full depression Doing so may decrease the life of the thermoelectric heat pump Liquid cooling i...

Страница 39: ... 230 VAC power outlet 2 Connect the 37 pin round black connector on the back of the instrument to the 19 pin military style connector on the back of the 1311XR sensor 3 Connect the 17 pin military style connector on the back of the 1311XR sensor to the 24 pin round connector on the back of the heat pump controller module 4 Connect the 9 pin round connector on the back of the heat pump controller m...

Страница 40: ...ches If either indicator comes on check for and correct any problems before continuing operation Check the cable connections coolant flow and coolant temperature Table 2 2 Model 1311XR Heat Pump Controller Settings Setting Function AUTO When set to AUTO the system operates fully automatically controlling the heat pump in response to any dew frost point within its operating range In AUTO mode the c...

Страница 41: ...perature sensors measure the body temperature at those points and three control circuits precisely adjust the temperature of each heater Any detected temperature gradient across the sensor cavity is immediately eliminated resulting in very even control All three heaters are controlled by the temperature set by the front panel selector knob The sensor is a two stage unit providing 65 C of depressio...

Страница 42: ... and the heated flow meter The mounting plate provides a convenient method of wall mounting the entire heated sampling system When ordered with one or more modules the factory performs all mounting plumbing and wiring work thus providing a complete system ready for installation Connecting the Sensors Dew point temperature and pressure sensors provided by GE Infrastructure Sensing for the Optica mo...

Страница 43: ...Chapter 3 ...

Страница 44: ...on 3 1 Normal Operation 3 1 Operating the VGA Optica 3 2 Operating the 4x40 Optica 3 3 Network Operation 3 3 Process Pressure 3 4 Status Line Indications 3 8 Sensor Balancing 3 10 Helpful Hints For Operating the Unit 3 10 ...

Страница 45: ... very simple To turn the unit on check that the main power switch on the rear of the benchtop unit is set to ON then press the right hand side of the power switch located at the lower left corner on the front of the unit The Optica begins its power up sequence which lasts about a minute The unit s software version is displayed on the initial screen The status line displays Initializing Next the Op...

Страница 46: ...l bar on the right side of the screen It shows the state of the feedback control loop controlling the mirror temperature When the system reaches steady state the Control status indicator is displayed the balance indicator should be near the center of its range If the balance indicator is near the top or bottom of its range the dew point sensor may need to have its optics signal level adjusted see ...

Страница 47: ...n four or more than eight the dew point sensor may need to have its optics signal level adjusted see Figure 3 3 below and Balancing the Sensor Optics on page 7 2 Figure 3 3 Possible Balance Indicator Displays Network Operation The VGA Optica can be operated and programmed remotely over a network Networked operation is very similar to operation using the front panel For programming from a network s...

Страница 48: ... sensor and can be measured directly In the Pressure Input menu set the Pressure Input to V or I as appropriate for the pressure sensor Set the Process Pressure Status to Disabled Note The pressure measured by the pressure sensor will be used to compute the vapor pressure Manually Entering Pressure Use when the process pressure is a known and fixed value and will not be actively measured In the Pr...

Страница 49: ...apor pressure without a pressure sensor make the following entries in the Pressure Input menu section for this example Input Use Default Units psia Default 100 Process Status Disabled Measuring Vapor Pressure With a Pressure Sensor To measure vapor pressure with a 4 20 mA 0 30 psia pressure sensor connect the sensor to the Optica s terminal block and make the following entries in the Pressure Inpu...

Страница 50: ...process pressure requires accommodating for the expansion to the sensor cavity pressure by using the Optica s Process Pressure feature see Figure 3 6 below Figure 3 6 Measurement Scenario 2 Measuring Vapor Pressure Without a Pressure Sensor To measure vapor pressure without a pressure sensor make the following entries in the Pressure input menu section for this example Input Use default Units psia...

Страница 51: ...lt pressure specified above Measuring Dew Point With or Without a Pressure Sensor In Scenario 2 the dew point measurement requires both the sensor pressure and the process pressure to be known Sensor pressure can be entered as a default value or measured as above and the process pressure must be entered in the Process Pressure field Example using standard atmospheric conditions at 25 C P1 500 psia...

Страница 52: ...ning Initializing The unit is initializing Balance The unit is performing a PACER balance to clear the mirror Acquiring The unit is acquiring stable mirror temperature Service The sensor optics require service cleaning or adjustment Control The unit is actively controlling the mirror temperature at a stable dew point Alarm 1 Alarm 1 has activated Alarm 2 Alarm 2 has activated Lockout Heat Cool and...

Страница 53: ...0 to 100 Color red 1 decimal Pressure Units psia Range 0 to 100 Color yellow 1 decimal Humidity Units ppmv Range 0 to 1 000 000 Color brown 1 decimal Humidity Units ppmw Range 0 to 100 Color violet 1 decimal Buzzer 15 msec General Data Fields 3 Lockout disabled Offsets and filters 0 Special Molecular Weight of Gas 28 9645 User Equation None entered Communication Parameters Mode All Baud rate 9600 ...

Страница 54: ... 7 2 Helpful Hints For Operating the Unit Time response At dew points above 0 C the system stabilizes within a few minutes at a consistent dew layer The status Control is displayed when the system is stable and readings are valid When the system is operating at low frost points below 40 C extra care may be required when interpreting readings because of the longer response times of the system Time ...

Страница 55: ...er operation of a condensation hygrometer depends on the condition of the mirror surface In general accuracy is reduced when contaminants accumulate on the mirror However the mirror does not have to be microscopically clean In fact the mirror performs best a few hours after cleaning when nucleation sites have formed On an unscratched freshly cleaned mirror there are relatively few nucleation sites...

Страница 56: ...ove the true dew point Because the measurement error increases gradually it often goes undetected To determine whether dissolved contaminants are affecting dew point measurement perform the following steps 1 Note the indicated dew point 2 Clean the mirror 3 Balance the detector by initiating a PACER cycle 4 Measure the dew point again If the new reading is lower than the first reading it is likely...

Страница 57: ... Line Maintenance Contaminated sample lines slow the unit s response time and can cause erroneous readings usually on the high side Clean the sample lines as often as necessary To determine the required cleaning frequency take dew point readings before and after cleaning the lines sensor cavity and mirror If the two readings differ appreciably the sampling lines should be cleaned more often To red...

Страница 58: ...Chapter 4 ...

Страница 59: ...Programming the VGA Optica Introduction 4 1 Programming Fundamentals 4 1 Units of Measure 4 4 User Equations 4 4 Menu 1 4 6 Menu 2 4 15 Saving Configuration Files 4 20 ...

Страница 60: ... help system is included to answer questions you may have while operating the unit Select the HELP button and press ENTER to access it Programming Fundamentals Programming is accomplished using two main menu screens and several secondary screens Each screen displays data fields and control buttons Use the TAB key to step through the fields on each screen through both the data fields and the contro...

Страница 61: ...rect data entry deletes the character to the left of the cursor Four softkeys during normal operation control the sensor heating and cooling and balance function during programming move the cursor on the screen and select specific characters for each key on the alphanumeric keyboard Data Entry Fields There are two types of data entry fields direct entry drop down boxes Direct Entry Fields Direct e...

Страница 62: ...select from a list of possible choices for the field First select the field with the TAB key A drop down list showing the available options opens immediately below the selected field Be careful not to confuse this drop down list with other fields below the selected one they look similar Use the UP and DOWN arrow softkeys to select the desired value for the field When finished press TAB to move to ...

Страница 63: ...he math key in SHIFT mode the math functions LOG and LN constants other user equations The new parameter defined by this equation is given a name and can be displayed or output just like any other parameter User Equations are entered from Menu 2 see page 4 15 A list of parameters and other elements is displayed Each element is specified by an identifier such as A1 Use these identifiers to form the...

Страница 64: ... Units Temperature Units A0 Tdew C A17 Tmp C A1 Tdew F A18 Tmp F A2 RH A19 Tmp K A3 Twet C A20 Tmp R A4 Twet F Pressure Units A5 ppmv A21 PSIA A6 ppmw A22 mbar A7 grains lb A23 bar A8 grains scf A24 Pa A9 g kg A25 kPa A10 g m3 A26 mmHg A11 lb mft3 A27 inHg A12 kj kg 0 A28 kg cm2 A13 kj kg 32 A29 Dynes cm2 A14 BTU lb 0 A31 User Equation 1 A15 BTU lb 32 A32 User Equation 2 A16 pw mbar A33 User Equat...

Страница 65: ...og Outputs on page 2 9 Table 4 3 Analog Output Options Item Function Available Options Output Choose which output channel is being programmed A and or B Parameter Choose which parameter will be output on the selected channel Humidity Temperature Pressure or User Equation Units Choose the units for this parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for the parameter chosen Upper Limit Set the parameter value...

Страница 66: ...e Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for parameter chosen Upper Limit Set the pressure that corresponds to full scale input Enter a number Lower Limit Set the pressure that corresponds to zero volts or 4 mA input Enter a number Default Pressure value to be used if the measured input is disabled Enter a number Process Enter a process pressure when it is different from the pressure at the dew point sensor see pa...

Страница 67: ...ture Service alarm activates when Service indicator is activated PACER alarm activates when PACER balance is active Table 4 5 Alarm Options Item Function Available Options Alarm Choose which alarm relay is being programmed 1 and or 2 Status Set whether or not the alarm is enabled Enabled or Disabled Parameter Set the parameter that can activate this alarm Humidity Temperature Pressure or User Equa...

Страница 68: ... fields and use the Keypad and Softkeys to set the correct time 2 Set the Time Programmed Balance Cycle a Enter Menu and go to the Automatic Balance Section b Open the Type pull down menu and choose one of the four selections see Table 4 6 below Note The PACER function will provide more thorough cleaning than the AUTO function because it first develops a thick dew frost layer into which soluble co...

Страница 69: ...unction 6 To program an elapsed time to initialize the Automatic Cleaning and Balancing a Highlight either Auto or Pacer b In Interval dialog box input the elapsed time in minutes for example 720 would enable the balance cycle to run every 12 hours Note If the unit is powered down and restarted or the Automatic Balance is initiated from the font or by using a LAN the elapsed time will reset Note S...

Страница 70: ...e 4 1 on page 4 4 for the parameter chosen GrphMax Set the parameter value that will produce full scale on the graph enter a number GrphMin Set the parameter value that will produce zero on the graph Enter a number GrphColor Set the color for the selected graph line Black Red Green Orange Blue Violet Yellow or Brown Decimals The number of decimal places for the numeric dis play Enter a number 6 ma...

Страница 71: ...pe Use the left and right arrow keys to select between DHCP and Static IP Get the IP from the Server or Specify an IP Address IP Address If you choose to specify an IP address you must enter it here Enter four decimal integers between 0 and 255 Subnet Mask If you choose to specify an IP address you must enter a Subnet Mask Enter four decimal integers between 0 and 255 Default Gateway If you choose...

Страница 72: ... logged data Enter a number 6 maximum Separator Choose separator to be used between parameters Space Comma Tab Terminator Choose the terminator s for each group of data CR CR LF LF Parameters Set the parameter to be programmed below Humidity Temperature Pressure or User Equation Units Set the units for the selected parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 REMOVE Control button to remove selected item f...

Страница 73: ... display the Download screen described below Download Screen The Download Screen is accessed by pressing Download on the Datalog screen It contains the following elements a list of any saved files containing logged data upper left an area for displaying logged data center View button displays the contents of the selected file name OK button return to the previous screen Download button send the se...

Страница 74: ...Programming the VGA Optica 4 15 January 2006 Menu 2 Menu 2 is shown in below This menu is accessed by selecting More on Menu 1 and pressing ENTER Figure 4 7 Menu 2 ...

Страница 75: ...emperature Filter Enter filter value for Temperature parameter Enter number of readings to be averaged to create filtered Temperature Pressure Offset Enter offset value for Pressure parameter in psia Enter value by which Pressure parameter will be offset Pressure Filter Enter filter value for Pressure parameter Enter number of readings to be averaged to create filtered Pressure Table 4 12 Special ...

Страница 76: ...uired by the receiving device 7 or 8 Stop Bits Set the number of stop bits as required by the receiving device 1 1 5 or 2 Flow Control Set the Flow Control mode as required by the receiving device None X OFF RTS CTS Command Returns HELP Help string Note The symbol indicates a carriage return GETDATA 0 item item item item Requested data items GETSTATUS 0 Status string Query mode examples GETDATA 0 ...

Страница 77: ...erature Pres sure or User Equation Units Set the units for the selected parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for available units Format Choose output format for the selected parameter Dp Dp No Label Separator Choose separator to be used between parameters Space Comma TAB CR CR LF Terminator Choose the terminator s for each group of data Comma CR CR LF Interval sec Enter the output interval in secon...

Страница 78: ...field of the date and time and press the up and down softkeys to set each field When the settings are correct tab to the OK button and press ENTER Figure 4 8 Time and Date Restore Defaults To access this choice select the Restore Defaults button on Menu 2 and press ENTER This screen resets all programmable items to the factory defaults shown in Table 3 2 on page 3 9 Press TAB to select Yes and pre...

Страница 79: ... current configuration file 1 Select Configuration on the Main Screen A screen similar to the one shown below in Figure 4 9 appears 2 Type a file name under Save Configuration File and click SAVE The name will appear under Load Configuration File 3 To load or delete an existing configuration file highlight the name under Load Configuration File and click LOAD or DELETE as desired 4 To exit the Con...

Страница 80: ...Chapter 5 ...

Страница 81: ...Programming the 4x40 Optica Introduction 5 1 Programming Technique 5 2 Programmable Functions 5 4 ...

Страница 82: ...tion Settings About Displays software version Analog Outputs Parameter choice units and scaling Communication Parameters Baud rate parity data bits etc Serial Output Units Parameter choice units data format Serial Output Setup Serial data string format Alarms Parameter choice and alarm limits Data Fields Parameters units for displayed data Pressure Input Units scaling and default values Automatic ...

Страница 83: ...list of specific choices the DOWN key and or UP key are shown Press them to step through the choices If the setting requires a numeric or alphanumeric entry use the keypad to enter the data Note To enter numeric data just press the appropriate key To enter alphanumeric data first press SHIFT to access the letters on the keypad and then press the appropriate key containing the desired letter Finall...

Страница 84: ...the DOWN and RIGHT softkeys as shown to select the parameter to be programmed choose the value using the UP and DOWN softkeys and press ENTER Figure 5 3 Programming the 4x40 Optica Temperature Output A Parameter Analog Outputs UP DOWN and or return to previous position Press left softkey to cancel Down Serial Output Up Units Parity DOWN UP DOWN Baud UP Analog Outputs Down Parameters Communication ...

Страница 85: ...he units for scaling this parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for the parameter chosen Output B Upper Set the parameter value that will produce full scale output Enter a number Output B Lower Set the parameter value that will produce zero output Enter a number Table 5 3 Communication Parameter Options Setting Description Available Options Serial Mode Set whether data is transmitted continuously or...

Страница 86: ...elects or deselects the desired output units If selected the number of decimals can be set using a keypad entry 0 6 Table 5 5 Serial Output Setup Options Setting Description Available Options Format Choose the output format for the selected parameter For humidity e g Dp Dp No Prompt Field Separator Choose the separator to be used between parameters Space Comma Tab CR CR LF Record Terminator Choose...

Страница 87: ...isable Alarm 1 Enabled Disabled Alarm 1 Parameter Choose the parameter to control Alarm 1 Humidity Temperature Pressure or User Equation Alarm 1 Units Set the units for this parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for the parameter chosen Alarm 1 Type Set the type of condition that will acti vate Alarm 1 Set Point Inner Band Outer Band Control Service PACER Alarm 1 Upper The upper side of the alarm ba...

Страница 88: ... will be output on Line 3 Humidity Temperature Pressure or User Line 3 Units Set the units for the selected parameter See Table 4 1 on page 4 4 for the parameter chosen Line 3 Decimals Enter the number of decimal places for displayed data Enter a number 0 6 Table 5 8 Pressure Input Options Setting Description Available Options Analog Input Choose which pressure input channel is in use or disable t...

Страница 89: ...his manner the front panel PACER softkey is disabled The Elapsed Time Interval initiates the PACER at a preset time after the last PACER was run The automatic balance cycle will always run upon power up of the analyzers To program the Automatic Cleaning Balance Function on the Optica 4X40 monitor 1 Make sure the internal clock of the Optica has the correct time From the main screen a Press the ENT...

Страница 90: ...he key several times to exit the menu o Under the Type pull down menu there will be four selections see Table 5 9 below Note The PACER function will provide more thorough cleaning than the AUTO function because it first develops a thick dew frost layer into which soluble contaminants dissolve When heated some of the contaminants are flash evaporated and the remaining residue accumulates in cluster...

Страница 91: ...rmal function 6 To program an elapsed time to initialize the Automatic Cleaning and Balancing a Highlight either AUTO or Pacer b In the set time section input the elapsed time in minutes For example 720 would enable the balance cycle to run every 12 hours Note If the unit is powered down and restarted or the Automatic Balance is initiated from the font or using a LAN the elapsed time will reset No...

Страница 92: ...he value by which the Temperature parameter will be offset Temperature Filter Enter the filter value for the Temperature parameter Enter the number of readings to be averaged to create filtered Temp Pressure Offset Enter the offset value for the Pressure parameter Enter the value by which the Pressure parameter will be offset Pressure Filter Enter the filter value for the Pressure parameter Enter ...

Страница 93: ...ate Sets the date Table 5 14 Special Options Setting Description Available Options Gas Mole Weight The molecular weight of the gas being analyzed The default value is the molecular weight of air 28 9645 Enter a number Table 5 15 User Default Setting Options Setting Description Available Options Restore Defaults Restore settings to factory defaults shown in Table 3 2 on page 3 9 NO YES Table 5 16 F...

Страница 94: ...Chapter 6 ...

Страница 95: ...Network Based Programming Introduction 6 1 Programming Screens 6 1 ...

Страница 96: ...the user to Sun s website To set up the Optica s networking configuration see Chapter 4 for programming using the Optica s VGA programming method and follow the instructions listed in Network Menu on page 4 12 Programming Screens Detailed information on using the Optica Web interface is available via the Help buttons Programming is very similar to programming of the VGA unit described in Chapter 4...

Страница 97: ...etwork Based Programming Programming Screens cont Click on Menu to display the Data programming screen Figure 6 2 Data Programming Screen Press More to display the Other Options screen Figure 6 3 Typical Main Data Screen ...

Страница 98: ...Network Based Programming 6 3 January 2006 Programming Screens cont Press Display from the main data screen to configure the Main Display screen Figure 6 4 Main Display Screen ...

Страница 99: ...Chapter 7 ...

Страница 100: ...Maintenance Minor Maintenance of Sensor Optics 7 1 Field Replacement of Sensor Mirrors 7 4 Test and Calibration 7 6 Troubleshooting 7 6 ...

Страница 101: ...cedure below to clean the sensor mirror 1 Deactivate the sensor cooler using one of the following actions Turn the sensor power off or Place the sensor switch to heat or Disconnect the sensor cable 2 Turn off the sample gas Make sure the sensor cavity is depressurized before continuing with the next step 3 Open the sensor by removing the sensor cover 4 Moisten a cotton swab with a cleaning solutio...

Страница 102: ...r one or two months of operation IMPORTANT Always clean the mirror as described above before performing an optical balance Set the sensor mode to HEAT wait one minute then observe the balance indicator If only the lowest bar is illuminated or the lower 1 2 inch of the status bar the sensor is properly balanced If not balance the sensor according the procedure below The location of the balance adju...

Страница 103: ...should be installed in the optional pressure boss or have the cover installed The D 2 cover should be latched On the 1311DR and XR sensors place your thumb over the hole or use a coin if the sensor is horizontal 4 Replace the sensor cover if necessary and verify that the balance indicator is still correct If not repeat Step 2 being sure that no light enters the cavity Return the sensor mode to OPE...

Страница 104: ...ulfate coating The reflective surface may be gradually abraded by sharp dirt particles in the gas being measured The mirror surface may be accidentally scratched or gouged during use or cleaning If the sensor mirror has reacted with a corrosive material in the gas sample such as an acid or sulfur compound it should be replaced with a solid platinum mirror to remove any possibility of copper corros...

Страница 105: ...4 Unscrew and discard the old mirror using a 3 16 inch 0 187 hex socket 5 Use a toothpick or similar tool to place a small amount of thermal compound in the hole supporting the mirror Caution Do not apply thermal compound to the mirror stem Do not use an amount large enough to leak out when the mirror is tightened Do not allow any compound to get on the mirror surface as it is very difficult to re...

Страница 106: ...unit to indicate traceability Troubleshooting The Display Doesn t Light Up 1 Check the POWER switch on the rear panel Make sure it s ON 2 Check the line cord Make sure both ends are plugged in and that it is plugged into a proper source of AC voltage 3 Check the power supply Make sure it is connected and has the proper output voltage 4 Check the fuse Make sure the proper fuse size is installed Mak...

Страница 107: ...stance decade box in place of the platinum thermometer Wire the decade box to the unit s sensor connector as shown in Figure 25 and verify that the resistance settings shown in the table produce the temperatures shown Figure 7 2 Using a Resistance Decade Box 0 0 10 0 60 0 C 0 1 Display Reading 60 0 10 0 Din Type 100 Ohms at 0 C 0 385 Ohms C Resistance Table RX10 123 24 RX0 01 RX0 1 RX1 76 33 100 0...

Страница 108: ... after a short time 5 to 15 minutes The sensor optical bridge may be out of balance see Balancing the Sensor Optics on page 7 2 No Analog Output If there is no analog output but the digital display indicates correctly check the analog output scaling For the VGA unit see Analog Outputs on page 4 6 For the 4x40 unit see Function 1 Analog Outputs on page 5 4 No Serial Output Check the serial port pro...

Страница 109: ...Appendix A ...

Страница 110: ...Specifications Performance A 1 Functionality A 2 Physical bench mount A 2 Physical wall mount A 2 Optional Accessories A 3 ...

Страница 111: ...nges Chilled Mirror Sensors available 1111H D 2 SIM 12H 1311DR 1311XR Range 80 C to 85 C 112 F to 185 F dew frost point depending on sensor used Temperature Sensor optional T 100E 100 C to 100 C 148 F to 212 F Pressure Sensors optional PT 30A 0 30 psia 0 to 2 bar PT 300A 0 to 300 psia 0 to 21 bar User supplied 4 20mA or 0 5 volt signal Recommended Sample Flow 0 5 to 5 0 scfh 0 25 to 2 5 L min Resp...

Страница 112: ... 15 C to 80 C 5 F to 176 F depending on sensor Pressure 0 to 300 psig 0 to 22 bar depending on sensor Electronics Ambient Temperature 0 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F Relative Humidity 85 maximum Physical bench mount Dimensions 13 5 W x 6 5 H x 13 D 353 x 165 x 330 mm Weight 10 lbs 5 kg Shipping Weight 15 lbs 7 kg Environmental General purpose bench panel or rack mount Physical wall mount Dimensions 13 5...

Страница 113: ...ons A 3 January 2006 Optional Accessories 19 rack mount adapter T 100E Temperature sensor PT 30A Pressure transducer 0 30 psia PT 300A Pressure transducer 0 300 psia Specifications subject to change without notice ...

Страница 114: ...Appendix B ...

Страница 115: ...Humidity Equations and Conversion Chart Introduction B 1 Vapor Pressure B 1 Humidity B 2 ...

Страница 116: ...e C Vapor Pressure Saturation vapor pressure with respect to water is a function of temperature only and is given by the following B 1 Saturation vapor pressure with respect to ice requires a minor adjustment of the constants as given by the following B 2 In addition to yielding saturation vapor pressure as a function of ambient temperature the above equations also yield ambient vapor pressure as ...

Страница 117: ...volume of dry air according to the following B 4 Water vapor content expressed as parts per million by volume is given by the following B 5 Expressing water vapor content as parts per million by weight or mixing ratio requires multiplication of the above by the ratio of the molecular weight of water to that of air as given by the following B 6 See Figure B 1 on page B 3 for a graphical humidity co...

Страница 118: ...Humidity Equations and Conversion Chart B 3 January 2006 Figure B 1 Graphical Humidity Conversion Chart ...

Страница 119: ...Appendix C ...

Страница 120: ...Configuring the Serial Interface Wiring to a Personal Computer C 1 ...

Страница 121: ...ipment DTE The following pins are used on the Serial interface 2 Transmitted data TXD 3 Received data RXD 5 Signal ground GND To send the output of the Optica to a personal computer use the cable arrangement shown in Figure C 1 below Figure C 1 Wiring Diagram Optica to Personal Computer Optica 9 Pin Male PC 3 2 9 Pin 2 3 5 5 ...

Страница 122: ...Appendix D ...

Страница 123: ...Chilled Mirror Sensors Introduction D 1 Depression D 1 Measurement Range D 2 Comparing Optica Models D 3 ...

Страница 124: ... pumped from the mirror block to the sensor body where it is dissipated With full cooling current the mirror block will eventually cool to its minimum temperature The difference between the temperatures of the mirror block and the sensor body when the mirror block is at this minimum temperature is defined as the depression capability of the sensor Depression capability is a function of how many st...

Страница 125: ...can be estimated by first estimating depression capability and then decreasing this range according to the minimum required differential For most gases other than air the effect on measurement range is negligible However gases such as hydrogen or helium which are more thermally conductive than air will result in a decrease of several degrees in the measurement range Measurement range will decrease...

Страница 126: ...at 85 C ambient at 25 C ambient at 25 C ambient Dew Frost Point 15 to 25 C 35 to 25 C 10 to 85 C 60 to 25 C air 70 C to 25 C liquid 80 to 25 C RH equivalent 6 to 100 1 5 to 100 1 to 100 0 03 to 100 air 0 007 to 100 liq 0 0003 to 100 Functional Characteristics Power From Optica From Optica 115 230VAC 75 watts 115 230VAC 300 watts 115 230VAC 700 watts Ambient Temperature Range 15 to 80 C 25 to 85 C ...

Страница 127: ...Appendix E ...

Страница 128: ...Glossary ...

Страница 129: ... in Grams Kilograms or Pressure in Bar Process Pressure The gas pressure of the system under test In some applications humidity of this gas may be measured at a lower pressure Scaling The process of selecting the maximum and minimum output values of a chosen parameter SHIFT Pressing the SHIFT key enters Shift Key mode reversing the direction of the cursor motion when pressing TAB and accessing the...

Страница 130: ...Appendix F ...

Страница 131: ...Automatic Balance for earlier software versions Programming Automatic Balance for a VGA Optica F 1 Programming Automatic Balance for a 4x40 Optica F 1 ...

Страница 132: ...3 10 Auto PACER Status Set whether the balance will take place Enabled Disabled Track Hold Set whether the display analog outputs and alarms will track the sensor condition during a cleaning cycle or hold the last process reading Serial outputs always hold the process reading Track Hold Table F 2 Automatic Balance Options Setting Description Available Options Interval in Minutes Set how often the ...

Страница 133: ...Appendix G ...

Страница 134: ...Communicating with the OPTICA Using Ethernet Direct Communication G 1 Computer Communication G 1 ...

Страница 135: ...s the network settings r n SaveNetworkSettings Write Network settings to the registry r n DeleteNetworkSettings Deletes registry entries removes FDF CRC File r n SaveAllSettings Write all settings to non volatile memory r n Computer Communication The Optica communicates over port 28005 The general format for accessing the Optica is IP address 28005 Command The command set of the Optica is broken i...

Страница 136: ... OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetPressureData OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetOpticaInfo OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSerialCommData OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSerialData OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSupportedBaudRate OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSupportedDataBits OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSupportedSerialDataFormat OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetSupportedDataLogDataFormat OpticaAPI OpticaAPI GetUserDefinedEquations OpticaAPI OpticaAPI UpdateGraphi...

Страница 137: ...ype 2 type LowerLimit 30 000000 LowerLimit UpperLimit 60 000000 UpperLimit AlarmType 2 AlarmType Enabled true Enabled UnitOffset 17 UnitOffset type 17 type LowerLimit 18 000000 LowerLimit UpperLimit 26 000000 UpperLimit retval GEIAPI_SUCCESS retval OpticaAPIReturn The Optica supports two alarm set points The above response shows the settings for alarm 1 and alarm 2 in that order Note that the inde...

Страница 138: ... Function Name GetAlarmTypes Channel 0 Response xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 standalone yes OpticaAPIReturn Function GetAlarmTypes NumAlarmTypes 6 NumAlarmTypes AlarmType SetPoint AlarmType AlarmType Inner Band AlarmType AlarmType Outer Band AlarmType AlarmType Control AlarmType AlarmType Service AlarmType AlarmType Pacer AlarmType retval GEIAPI_SUCCESS retval OpticaAPIReturn This Response indic...

Страница 139: ...t C sLabels sLabels Twet F sLabels sLabels ppmv sLabels sLabels ppmw sLabels sLabels Grains lb sLabels sLabels Grains SCF sLabels sLabels g kg sLabels sLabels g m3 sLabels sLabels lb Mft3 sLabels sLabels Kj Kg 0 sLabels sLabels Kj Kg 32 sLabels sLabels Btu lb 0 sLabels sLabels Btu lb 32 sLabels sLabels pw mbar sLabels sLabels Tmp C sLabels sLabels Tmp F sLabels sLabels Tmp K sLabels sLabels Tmp R ...

Страница 140: ...s sHumidityLabels Grains lb sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels Grains SCF sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels g kg sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels g m3 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels lb Mft3 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels kj kg 0 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels kj kg 32 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels Btu lb 0 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels Btu lb 32 sHumidityLabels sHumidityLabels pw mbar sHumidityLa...

Страница 141: ...p C sLabels sLabels Tmp F sLabels sLabels Tmp K sLabels sLabels Tmp R sLabels sLabels psia sLabels sLabels mbar sLabels sLabels bar sLabels sLabels Pa sLabels sLabels kPa sLabels sLabels mmHg sLabels sLabels inHg sLabels sLabels KgCm2 sLabels sLabels DyneCm2 sLabels sLabels sLabels UserEquation2 sLabels sLabels UserEquation3 sLabels HumidityUnitsBaseIndex 0 HumidityUnitsBaseIndex TemperatureUnitsB...

Страница 142: ...UCCESS retval OpticaAPIReturn UnitOffset is an index to the list of labels In this case 0 refers to Tdew C Retrieving the Measured and Calculated Values This command enables the user to retrieve measured and calculated values for all supported units The status information is also returned Command http 3 112 160 36 28005 OpticaAPI xml GetCurrentData 0 Function Name GetCurrentData Channel 0 Response...

Страница 143: ... 306549 fAllData fAllData 529 753784 fAllData fAllData 14 710732 fAllData fAllData 1014 265686 fAllData fAllData 1 014266 fAllData fAllData 101426 570313 fAllData fAllData 101 426567 fAllData fAllData 760 761841 fAllData fAllData 29 239281 fAllData fAllData 1 034267 fAllData fAllData 1014265 687500 fAllData fAllData 0 401409 fAllData fAllData 0 000000 fAllData fAllData 0 000000 fAllData iBarGraphM...

Страница 144: ...commands type Help 1 SetIPAddress IP ADDRESS i e SetIPAddress 3 112 60 36 2 SetIPSource STATIC Assuming STATIC IP 3 SaveNetworkSettings 4 GetNetworkSettings Displays the current network settings It takes time to execute the SaveNetworkSettings command Wait until the display updates to determine when to reset the unit In order for the settings to take effect power to the unit must be cycled ...

Страница 145: ...ware F 1 Benchtop Specifications A 2 Wiring Input Power 2 5 Wiring Outputs 2 8 Wiring Sensors 2 5 C Calibration 7 6 Chilled Mirror Sensor Comparison Chart D 3 Chilled Mirror Sensors D 1 Cleaning Automatic 4x40 Optica 5 8 VGA Optica 4 9 Communication Parameters 4x40 Optica 5 4 Setting with Ethernet G 1 Computer Communication with Ethernet G 1 Configuration Files Saving 4 20 Contamination Gaseous Co...

Страница 146: ... 8 Supported Units G 5 Using a Computer G 1 F Filters 2 15 Flow Rate 2 15 Functional Specifications A 2 Functions Retrieving with Ethernet G 6 G Gaseous Contaminants 3 12 General Settings 4x40 Optica 5 11 VGA Optica 4 16 Glossary E 1 H Heat Pump Controller Settings 2 19 Humidity Conversion Chart B 3 Equations B 2 Symbols B 1 Humidity Equations Vapor Pressure B 1 Hygrometer Applications 1 6 Calibra...

Страница 147: ...ontroller Settings 2 19 Purging the Sensor 2 20 Sample Gas Fittings 2 18 Model SIM 12H Sensor 2 20 N Network Definition E 1 Menu 4 12 Operation 3 3 Screen 3 3 Network Based Programming 6 1 O Operation 4x40 Optica 3 3 Helpful Hints 3 10 Network 3 3 Normal 3 1 Theory of 1 4 VGA Optica 3 2 Optica 4X40 Configuration with Ethernet G 10 Optica 4x40 Alarms 5 6 Analog Outputs 5 4 Automatic Balance F 1 Bal...

Страница 148: ...1 3 Balancing 3 10 Balancing Optics 7 2 Chilled Mirror D 1 Cleaning the Mirror 7 1 Comparison Chart D 3 Connecting 2 21 Dew Point 1 3 Heat Transfer 2 14 Heated 2 14 Information 2 12 Installation 2 12 2 16 Maintenance 7 1 7 2 7 4 Model 1111H 2 16 Model 1311DR 2 17 Model 1311XR 2 18 Model D 2 2 16 Model SIM 12H 2 20 Pressure 1 3 Replacing Mirrors 7 4 Temperature 1 3 Serial Outputs 4x40 Optica 5 5 Tr...

Страница 149: ... 17 Data Categories 4 1 Data Entry Fields 4 2 Data Fields 4 11 Data Log 4 13 Download Screen 4 14 General Options 4 16 Menu 1 4 6 Menu 2 4 15 Network Menu 4 12 Operation 3 2 Pressure Input 4 7 Programming 4 1 Programming Keys 4 2 Query Mode Format 4 17 Restoring Defaults 4 19 Serial Output Data 4 18 Setting Time and Date 4 19 Special Options 4 16 Units of Measure 4 4 User Equations 4 4 4 16 VGA De...

Страница 150: ...USA 1100 Technology Park Drive Billerica MA 01821 4111 Web www gesensing com Ireland Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon County Clare Ireland ...

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