&RQVHMRVSDUDOD6ROXFLyQ
GH3UREOHPDV
3UREOHPD
&DXVDV3RVLEOHV
4Xp+DFHU
([FHVRGHKXPR
+D\H[FHVRGHVXFLHGDG
3UHVLRQHODWHFOD
&OHDU2II%RUUDU$SDJDU
RJLUHODSHULOOD
GHOKRUQRVXSHULRUDODSRVLFLyQ2))$SDJDGR\SUHVLRQHOD
WHFOD
&OHDU2II%RUUDU$SDJDU
$EUDODVYHQWDQDVSDUD
OLEHUDUHOKXPRHQODKDELWDFLyQ(VSHUHKDVWDTXHODOX]
/2&.(''2253XHUWD7UDEDGD
GHVDSDUH]FD/LPSLHHO
H[FHVRGHVXFLHGDG\UHLQLFLHHOFLFORGHOLPSLH]D
/DSXHUWDGHOKRUQRQR
VHDEULUiOXHJRGHXQ
FLFORGHOLPSLH]D
(OKRUQRHVWiGHPDVLDGRFDOLHQWH
(VSHUHDTXHHOKRUQRVHHQIUtHSRUGHEDMRGHODWHPSHU
DWXUDGHEORTXHR1REORTXHHODSXHUWDFRQODWUDEDSDUD
SXHUWDH[FHSWRDOXVDUODIXQFLyQDXWROLPSLH]D
(OKRUQRQROLPSLD
OXHJRGHXQFLFORGH
OLPSLH]D
/RVFRQWUROHVGHOKRUQRQRHVWiQ
FRUUHFWDPHQWHFRQILJXUDGRV
/HDODVHFFLyQ
+RUQRVXSHULRUFRQIXQFLyQGHDXWROLPSLH]D
(OKRUQRHVWDEDGHPDVLDGRVXFLR
/LPSLHGHUUDPHVH[FHVLYRVDQWHVGHLQLFLDUHOFLFORGH
OLPSLH]D(VSRVLEOHTXHVHDQHFHVDULRXVDUDXWROLPSLH]DQ
XHYDPHQWHHQKRUQRVFRQPXFKDVXFLHGDGRSRUSHUtRGRV
GHWLHPSRPiVSURORQJDGRV
´'RRUµ3XHUWDDSDUHFH
HQODSDQWDOODHQPRGHORV
FRQSXHUWDFRQWUDED
/DPDQLMDGHODWUDEDVHPRYLyD
ODGHUHFKDSHURVHVHOHFFLRQyXQ
SURJUDPDTXHQRHVDXWROLPS
LH]D
0XHYDODPDQLMDGHODWUDEDKDFLDODGHUHFKDVyORDOFRQILJ
XUDUHOFLFORGHDXWROLPSLH]D
´/2&.'225µ3XHUWD
7UDEDGDWLWLODHQOD
SDQWDOOD
(OFLFORGHDXWROLPSLH]DIXHVH
OHFFLRQDGRSHURODSXHUWDQRHVWi
FHUUDGD\HQPRGHORVFRQWUDED
ODPLVPDQRVHPRYLyWRWDOPHQWH
DODGHUHFKD
&LHUUHODSXHUWDGHOKRUQR\HQPRGHORVFRQWUDEDPXHYD
ODWUDEDWRWDOPHQWHKDFLDODGHUHFKD
/DOX]GH/2&.('
'2253XHUWD%OR
TXHDGDHVWiHQFHQ
GLGDFXDQGRGHVHD
FRFLQDU
/DSXHUWDGHOKRUQRHVWiEOR
TXHDGDGHELGRDTXHODWHP
SHUDWXUDLQWHULRUGHOKRUQR
QRGHVFHQGLySRUGHEDMRGHOD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHEORTXHR
3UHVLRQHODWHFOD&OHDU2II%RUUDU$SDJDU(VSHUHDTXHHO
KRUQRVHHQIUtH\OXHJRHQPRGHORVFRQWUDEDSDUDSXHUWD
GHVWUDEHODSXHUWD
´)²\XQQ~PHURR
OHWUDµWLWLODHQODSDQ
WDOOD
(QPRGHORVFRQXQDWUDEDSDUD
SXHUWDVLDSDUHFHXQFyGLJRGH
HUURUGHIXQFLyQGXUDQWHHOFLFORGH
DXWROLPSLH]DFRQWUROHODWUDEDGH
ODSXHUWDGHOKRUQR
(VSRVLEOHTXHODWUDEDVHKD\DPRYLGRLQFOXVRDXQTXHVyOR
KD\DVLGROHYHPHQWHGHODSRVLFLyQGHEORTXHR$VHJ~UHVH
GHTXHODWUDEDVHDPRYLGDKDFLDODGHUHFKDWDQWRFRPR
VHDSRVLEOH
7LHQHXQFyGLJRGHHUURUGH
IXQFLyQ
3UHVLRQHODWHFOD&OHDU2II%RUUDU$SDJDU3HUPLWDTXHHO
KRUQRVHHQIUtHGXUDQWHXQDKRUD&RORTXHHOKRUQRQXHYD
PHQWHHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
6LHOFyGLJRGHIXQFLyQVHUHSLWH
'HVFRQHFWHWRWDOPHQWHODFRUULHQWHGHOKRUQRSRUPLQXWRV
\OXHJRYXHOYDDFRQHFWDUODPLVPD6LHOFyGLJRGHHUURUGH
IXQFLyQVHUHSLWHOODPHDOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR
/DVUHSLVDVGHOKRUQR
VRQGLItFLOHVGHGHVOL]DU
/DVUHSLVDVGHQtTXHOVLHVWiHTXL
SDGDGHHVWHPRGRIXHURQOLPSLD
GDVHQHOFLFORGHDXWROLPSLH]D/DV
UHSLVDVJULVHVFRQUHFXEULPLHQWR
GHSRUFHODQDVLHVWiHTXLSDGDGH
HVWHPRGRVHOLPSLDURQGHIRUPD
LQFRUUHFWD
$SOLTXHXQDFDQWLGDGUHGXFLGDGHDFHLWHYHJHWDODXQD
WRDOODGHSDSHO\OLPSLHORVH[WUHPRVGHODVUHSLVDVFRQ
GLFKDWRDOODGHSDSHO1RURFtHFRQ3DPRFXDOTXLHURWUR
OXEULFDQWHHQHVSUD\
´3UREHµ6RQGD
DSDUHFHHQODSDQWDOOD
HQDOJXQRVPRGHORV
(VWROHHVWiUHFRUGDQGRTXHLQJUHVH
XQDWHPSHUDWXUDGHVRQGDOXHJRGH
HQFKXIDUODVRQGD
,QJUHVHXQDWHPSHUDWXUDGHVRQGD
$QWHVGH6ROLFLWDUHO6HUYLFLR7pFQLFR«