Glossary
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EN/LZT 108 6492 R1
April 2003
Packet switching refers to protocols in which messages are divided into packets before
they are sent. Each packet is then transmitted individually and can even follow
different routes to its destination. Once all the packets forming a message arrive at the
destination, they are recompiled into the original message.
PAP
Short for Password Authentication Protocol, the most basic form of authentication, in
which a user's name and password are transmitted over a network and compared to a
table of name-password pairs. Typically, the passwords stored in the table are
encrypted.
PING
A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending
a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. PING is used primarily to
troubleshoot Internet connections.
Port
In TCP/IP and UDP networks, an endpoint to a logical connection. The port number
identifies what type of port it is. For example, port 80 is used for HTTP traffic.
POTS
Short for Plain Old Telephone Service, which refers to the standard telephone service
that most homes use. The POTS network is also called the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN).
PPP
Short for Point-to-Point
Protocol, a method of connecting a computer to the
Internet. PPP sends the computer's TCP/IP packets to a server that puts them onto the
Internet.
PPPoE
Acronym for Point-to-Point
Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely
accepted standards: PPP and Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the
users on an Ethernet to the Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a
single DSL line, wireless device or cable modem. All the users over the Ethernet share
a common connection, so the Ethernet principles supporting multiple users in a LAN
combine with the principles of PPP, which apply to serial connections.
Protocol
An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol
determines the following:
•
the type of error checking to be used
•
data compression method, if any
•
how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message
•
how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message.
There are a variety of standard protocols from which programmers can choose. Each
has particular advantages and disadvantages; for example, some are simpler than
others, some are more reliable, and some are faster.
From a user's point of view, the only interesting aspect about protocols is that your
computer or device must support the right ones if you want to communicate with other
computers. The protocol can be implemented either in hardware or in software.
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