Glossary
92 (98)
EN/LZT 108 6492 R1
April 2003
Glossary
ADSL
Short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, a technology that allows more data to
be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS). ADSL supports data rates of
from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16
to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate).
ARP
Short for Address Resolution Protocol, a TCP/IP protocol used to convert an IP
address into a physical address, such as an Ethernet address. A host wishing to obtain
a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP/IP network. The host on
the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical
hardware address.
There is also Reverse ARP (RARP) which can be used by a host to discover its IP
address. In this case, the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server
replies with the host's IP address.
ATM
Short for Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a network technology based on transferring
data in cells or packets of a fixed size. The cell used with ATM is relatively small
compared to units used with older technologies. The small, constant cell size allows
ATM equipment to transmit video, audio, and computer data over the same network,
and assure that no single type of data hogs the line.
Bridge
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of the same
LAN that use the same protocol, such as Ethernet.
Broadcast
To simultaneously send the same message to multiple recipients.
CHAP
Short for Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, a type of authentication in
which the authentication agent (typically a network server) sends the client program a
random value that is used only once and an ID value. Both the sender and peer share a
predefined secret.
Device
Any machine or component that attaches to a computer. Examples of devices include
disk drives, printers, mice, and modems.
DHCP
Short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a protocol for assigning dynamic IP
addresses to devices on a network. With dynamic addressing, a device can have a
different IP address every time it connects to the network. In some systems, the
device's IP address can even change while it is still connected. DHCP also supports a
mix of static and dynamic IP addresses.
Dynamic addressing simplifies network administration because the software keeps
track of IP addresses rather than requiring an administrator to manage the task. This
means that a new computer can be added to a network without the hassle of manually
assigning it a unique IP address. Many ISPs use dynamic IP addressing for dial-up
users.
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