14
4.1.3.7.5 CPid
Is identical to CP, except that the current amplitude during the MF phase is 12.5% lower than during the
DF phase. See fig 4.1.4.11.5 for details. Normally a lower frequency is experienced to be more
aggressive than a higher frequency. CPid prevents this difference in sensation.
Parameters Diadynamic Currents:
Surge Program
can be used to adjust repeated sequences of contraction and rest periods. See
paragraph 8.2.5.6 for details. Surge programs are only available with MF and DF.
4.1.3.8 Galvanic Current
4.1.3.8.1 Continuous
Galvanic
Current
Galvanic current works when combined with the correct ionized/electrically charged solutions, (i.e. they
are ions carrying either a positive or negative electrical charge, or will ionize with electricity).
This makes it possible to influence the skin's ability to absorb serums into the intracellular spaces in the
dermis. The absorption process is called iontophoresis because the electrical currents literally carry ions
into the tissues between the cells (see fig 4.1.4.8 for details).
CAUTION:
•
The Direct Galvanic Current is a monophasic current that produces electrolysis by-products.
These by-products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly moistened
sponge / electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See paragraph
7.1.5 for details.
4.1.3.8.2 Interrupted
Galvanic
Current
The medium frequency interrupted galvanic current is a monophasic rectangular waveform with a pulse
frequency of 8000 Hz and a duty cycle of 90%. See fig 4.1.4.7 for details. As opposed to direct galvanic
current, the pulsed waveform provides increased patient comfort.
CAUTION:
•
The MF interrupted galvanic current is a monophasic current that produces electrolysis by-
products. These by-products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly
moistened sponge / electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See
paragraph 7.1.5 for details.
4.1.3.9 Faradic Current
4.1.3.9.1 Faradic Rectangular or Triangular pulsed current
Faradic currents are often used for muscle stimulation applications that are based on prior diagnostics.
See fig 4.1.4.5.2 and 4.1.4.5.3 for the current waveforms. The diagnostic objective is to obtain information
on the sensitivity of the neuromuscular apparatus to electrical stimulation. This gives an indication of the
degree of denervation of the muscle tissue. With this technique the relationship between the current
amplitude and phase duration of a rectangular and triangular pulse is plotted in a strength/duration curve.
The strength/duration curve is recorded by observing the current amplitude required at various phase
duration values (ranging from 0.01 to 1000ms) that produce a just perceptible (i.e. just visible or palpable)
contraction of a muscle or muscle group. The values observed can be plotted on graph paper with a
logarithmic scale. In the case of reduced or absent sensitivity to electrical stimulation, the
strength/duration curve gives an indication of the current waveform, phase duration and current amplitude
of the electrical stimulus to be used in any therapy that may be applied.
CAUTION:
•
Faradic currents are monophasic currents that produce electrolysis by-products. These by-
products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly moistened sponge /
electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See paragraph 7.1.5 for
details.
Parameters:
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