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The Switch User’s Guide
Figure 5-57
5.6 Multicast
5.6.1 IGMP Snooping
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Theory
Computers and network devices that want to receive multicast transmissions need
to inform nearby routers that they will become members of a multicast group. The
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate this
information. IGMP is also used to periodically check the multicast group for
members that are no longer active. In the case where there is more than one
multicast router on a sub network, one router is elected as the ‘queried’. This router
then keeps track of the membership of the multicast groups that have active
members. The information received from IGMP is then used to determine if multicast
packets should be forwarded to a given sub network or not. The router can check,
using IGMP, to see if there is at least one member of a multicast group on a given
subnet work. If there are no members on a sub network, packets will not be
forwarded to that sub network.
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IGMP Versions 1 and 2
Multicast groups allow members to join or leave at any time. IGMP provides the
method for members and multicast routers to communicate when joining or leaving a
multicast group.
IGMP version 1 is defined in RFC 1112. It has a fixed packet size and no optional
data.
The format of an IGMP packet is shown below:
Figure 5-58
The IGMP Type codes are shown below:
Type Meaning
0x11 Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.0)
0x11 Specific Group Membership Query (if Group Address is Present)
0x16 Membership Report (version 2)
0x17 Leave a Group (version 2)
0x12 Membership Report (version 1)
IGMP packets enable multicast routers to keep track of the membership of multicast
groups, on their respective sub networks. The following outlines what is
communicated between a multicast router and a multicast group member using
IGMP.
A host sends an IGMP “report” to join a group
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