2. Important information on blood pressure and its measurement
2.1. How does high/low blood pressure arise?
Your level of blood pressure is determined in the circulatory center of the brain and adjusts to a variety of
situations through feedback from the nervous system. To adjust blood pressure, the strength and frequency
of the heart (Pulse), as well as the width of circulatory blood vessels is altered. Blood vessel width is
effected by fine muscles in the blood vessel walls.
Your level of arterial blood pressure changes periodically during heart activity: During the “blood ejection”
(Systole) the value is highest (systolic blood pressure value). At the end of the heart’s “rest period”
(Diastole) pressure is lowest (diastolic blood pressure value). Blood pressure values must lie within certain
normal ranges in order to prevent particular diseases.
2.2. Which values are normal?
Blood pressure is too high
if at rest
, your diastolic pressure is above 90mmHg and/or the systolic blood
pressure is over 160mmHg. In this case, please consult your doctor immediately. Long-term values at this
level endanger your health due to continual damage to the blood vessels in your body.
Should the systolic blood pressure values lie between 140mmHg and 160mmHg and/or the diastolic blood
pressure values lie between 90mmHg and 95mmHg. Consult your doctor. Regular self-checks will be
necessary.
With blood pressure values that are too low, (i.e. systolic values under 105mmHg and/or diastolic values
under 60mmHg) consult your doctor.
Even with normal blood pressure values, a regular self-check with your blood pressure monitor is
recommended. You can detect possible changes in your values early and react appropriately.
If you are undergoing medical treatment to control your blood pressure, keep a record of values along with
time of day and date. Show these values to your doctor.
Never use the results of your measurements
to independently alter the drug doses prescribed by your doctor.
The following standards for assessing high blood pressure (without regard to age) have been established by
the National Institutes of Health JNCVI.
3
Category
Systolic
Diastolic
(mmHg)
(mmHg)
Optimal
<120
<80
Normal
<130
<85
High Normal
130-139
85-89
Hypertension
Stage 1
140-159
90-99
Stage 2
160-179
100-109
Stage 3
≥
180
≥
110
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