221 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B
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©
2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cluster diagrams help students generate and organize thoughts. When students brainstorm, a
question or concept is put in the center of a cluster and all of their ideas are added to the
cluster. Similar ideas are grouped together. Cluster diagrams are also used as concept maps
or to present course material to students. They can also be used to assess how well students
understand a concept.
Problem-solving matrices are a standard part of design documentation. In their simplest form,
a variety of design options such as network media, network architecture, or protocols are listed
vertically and the specifications against which choices will be rated are listed horizontally. In
theory, the option that earns the highest score against the specification rubric is chosen.
However, design is a repetitious process and many layers of matrices are typically created
with increasingly refined specifications, weighted rubrics, and significant brainstorming and
research.
Flowcharts are a standard part of computer programming. Flowcharts and process flow
diagrams are generally used to graphically represent various branches of a process.
Flowcharts are used throughout the curriculum to describe configuration, troubleshooting, and
communications processes.
Block diagrams are standard in the electronics industry. A few simple symbols or pictorials and
arrows are used to indicate the flow of information. Block diagrams include simple descriptions
of the functions of the various blocks. Block diagrams represent an intermediate level of detail
for electrical systems. They are not circuit-level schematic diagrams. A block diagram of the
following components is a good accompaniment to flowcharts that explain the processes that
occur among the blocks:
•
The internal components of a PC
•
The internal components of a router
•
The devices make up the LAN or a WAN
In networking there are logical topological diagrams and physical topological diagrams. Logical
topologies refer to logical interconnections and the flow of information in a network. Physical
topologies refer to the devices, ports, interconnections, and physical layout of a network. Both
of these diagrams are used extensively.
Electrical engineers refer to voltage versus time graphs of signals as the time domain. These
graphs show the output from an oscilloscope, which is a device that measures voltage. These
graphs summarize many important networking concepts, particularly in the first semester
curriculum:
•
Bits
•
Bytes
•
Analog signals
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Digital signals
•
Noise, attenuation
•
Reflection
