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EN-Rev IM/GN-AM-EN/2.9 Copyright © March, 2022. CSI Solar Co., Ltd.
www.csisolar.com
mismatch effects in arrays.
To minimize risk in the event of an indirect lightning
strike, avoid forming loops with the wiring when
designing the system.
The recommended maximum series fuse rating is
stated in a table in the Annex A.
Modules should be safely fixed to bear all expected
loads, including wind and snow loads.
A minimum clearance of 6.5 mm (0.25 in) between
modules is required to allow for thermal expansion of
the frames.
The small drainage holes on the underside of the
module must not be blocked.
OPTIMUM ORIENTATION AND TILT
To maximize the annual yield, please calculate the
optimum orientation and tilt for PV modules in that
specific installation site. The highest yields are achieved
when sunlight shines perpendicularly onto the PV
modules.
AVOID SHADING
Modules shall not be permanently shaded (including
partial shading, spot shading, even shading or uneven
shading) under any circumstance. Permanent shading
includes shading of the same cell, cell row, or module
portion for extended and repeated periods of time (e.g.
more than 200 daylight hours over the warrantied
service lifetime). Power dissipated in fully or partially
shaded cells will result in power loss, reduced yield and
can cause localized overheating, which in turn may
negatively impact the module service lifetime.
Permanent shading may cause accelerated ageing of
the encapsulation material and place thermal stress on
the bypass diodes. This would void the module’s
warranty unless properly mitigated through the use of
Module Level Power Electronic (MLPE) devices.
Regular maintenance is required to keep modules clean.
Particular measures should be taken to avoid
permanent shading from dirt or debris (e.g., plants,
bird droppings, etc).
Do not install modules directly behind any object (e.g.,
tree, antenna, etc) to prevent occurrence of permanent
shading.
Even temporary partial shading will reduce the energy
yield A module can be considered to be unshaded if its
entire surface is free from shading all year round,
including on the shortest day of the year.
RELIABLE VENTILATION
Sufficient clearance (at least 102 mm (4.02 in)) between
the module frame and the mounting surface is required
to allow cooling air to circulate around the back of the
module. This also allows condensation or moisture to
dissipate.
