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Actiheart User Manual 5.1.31 (Jun 2022)

Appendix 4: The Step Test Calculations

HR Calibration

The built

–in step can be used to derive an individual HR calibration equation

without needing access to a laboratory and an oxygen analyser. Derivation of the
Physical Activity Intensity (PAI)

– HR calibration equation is a 4-step process.

The recovery HR



is measured

The power P

step

generated during stepping in Joules/min/kg is calculated

as follows:

Joules/kg/min = Vertical distance (m) x steps /min

step

and HR

step

values are plotted and a straight line is fitted to the data

PAI vs HRaS is then established a function of HRaS,





_HRaS step,



_HRaS step:

PAI = 2.9∙HRaS + 1.1∙HRaS∙male sex + 2.9∙HRaS∙βstep + 1.3∙αstep - 10∙male
sex + zero*



+ zero*



∙HRaS + zero *age + zero *height -75 + zero* BMI

•

HR & P

Step

1 Minute

step

8 mins

HRaS

Power J/kg/min

HRaS max

P max

step

Slope =



_HRaS

step

J/kg/beat

Intercept =



_HRaS

step

J/min/Kg

Extrapolated

HRaS

step

8 mins

•

Содержание The Actiheart

Страница 1: ...The Actiheart USER MANUAL Document Reference 30207 Issue Version 5 1 31 Issue Date 30 6 22 This equipment must be configured and operated in accordance with these instructions and in conjunction with...

Страница 2: ...f further clarification is required The CE mark is applied to the Actiheart to indicate conformity with the following Directives Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014 30 EU RoHS2 Directive 2011...

Страница 3: ...ions for use i e this user guide Consult Instructions for Use This symbol indicates that important operational information is contained in the user instructions i e this user guide Ingress Protection...

Страница 4: ...VERVIEW 17 3 1 2 SETTING UP AN IBI MONITORING RECORDING 17 3 1 3 DELAYED START FOR IBI MONITORING RECORDING 17 3 1 4 DOWNLOADING IBI MONITORING DATA FROM THE ACTIHEART 18 3 1 5 VIEWING DETAILS OF AN I...

Страница 5: ...TEP 3 REPLACING REMOVED DATA 32 4 2 8 GAPS IN THE DATA 32 4 3 DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE 33 4 3 1 STEPS IN PERFORMING AN ANALYSIS 34 4 3 2 SELECTING AN ENERGY MODEL 34 4 3 4 INDIVIDUAL CALIBRATION 36 4...

Страница 6: ...VEFORM ANALYSIS 53 5 1 SELECTING A RECORDING 53 5 2 WAVEFORM VIEWER 54 5 3 ECG AVERAGE 56 6 0 SLEEP ANALYSIS RESEARCH ONLY 58 6 1 OVERVIEW 58 6 1 1 CHOOSING AN APPLICATION FOR MAKING A RECORDING 58 6...

Страница 7: ...S 78 ESTIMATING ENERGY EXPENDITURE EE FROM ACTIVITY AND HEART RATE 78 TECHNIQUES USED FOR ESTIMATING ENERGY EXPENDITURE FROM ACTIVITY AND HEART RATE 78 THE BRANCHED EQUATION MODEL FOR ESTIMATING AEE F...

Страница 8: ...ry which must be cared for correctly to maximise service life Following any long recording always ensure the battery is at least partly re charged do not leave it completely flat before storage If the...

Страница 9: ...ReadInfo Table This is one of the most important tables in that it contains all the recording identifying data Raw data is stored alongside in the ReadData table This table is populated every time tha...

Страница 10: ...erated automatically when a Step Test is saved see Section 4 5 for more details The data is contained in the fields labelled Energy20 to Energy280 The data is in Joules min kg Heart Rate calibration d...

Страница 11: ...le will result in a new energy model being added to the list available within the software Most of the columns needed for each entry are shown in the diagram on the following page linked to the corres...

Страница 12: ...Name ActiheartPAI4 ActiheartPAI5 ActiheartPAI2 ActiheartPAI6 ActiheartPAI3 ActiheartPAI6 ActiheartPAI1 Precover StressComp UseStepCal UseHrCal UseActCal HRpai3 HRpai6 HRpai7 HRpai9 P1 P2 P3 P4 Z1 Z2 X...

Страница 13: ...software and enable full functionality The Legacy Data Import function allows a recording previously made with the Actiwave Cardio and saved as an EDF file to be imported and converted for analysis w...

Страница 14: ...then possible to locate and select the required existing database 2 2 2 Managing User Information It is possible to manage user information in the Users in this database area This provides the follow...

Страница 15: ...normal operating mode or boot mode only The functions available are explained below Battery This will send a query to the device to report on the estimated battery level Note that the battery is charg...

Страница 16: ...e Erase This triggers a full erase of the device memory It should only be performed if you are certain you wish to erase any recording data on the device It is also performed automatically when you wi...

Страница 17: ...Monitoring function in the main menu brings up the following window 3 1 2 Setting Up an IBI Monitoring Recording An IBI Monitoring recording is set up in the same way as a Signal Test recording by cl...

Страница 18: ...rding has been stored in the database it is possible to view information about it Highlight the required recording from the IBI Monitoring window and then click the Info button to produce the window s...

Страница 19: ...ing it and clicking on Analyse The IBI Monitoring analysis window will be shown which is divided as shown below A User and Recording Details This area shows the parameters of the user logged for this...

Страница 20: ...possible to perform a detailed analysis of the IBI data recorded by highlighting the region of interest on the Activity and Heart rate graph as described above The Overall Results tab will then presen...

Страница 21: ...t on the analysis epoch selected Note that the analysis epoch is for post hoc analysis purposes only as the data is recorded on a continuous basis The following data is shown for each analysis epoch A...

Страница 22: ...of good beat sequence data interspersed with a smaller number of bad data periods where reliable beat intervals could not be read Most Heart Rate Variability HRV measures are very sensitive to this an...

Страница 23: ...BI analysis results as displayed on screen Note that all of these data are for the selected analysis period only 3 2 6 Exporting IBI Monitoring Data It is possible to export the time stamped IBI data...

Страница 24: ...ecommended for normal use but may be useful to maintain consistency with a project which has already begun 3 3 Long Term Recording The long term recording mode is optimised for lower resolution analys...

Страница 25: ...be selected by either double clicking on it or highlighting it and then clicking on Analyse This will produce the following window The main screen is divided into 6 main regions as shown above A User...

Страница 26: ...creen in yellow o Display centre also manipulated by right dragging the data The Heart Rate Tab allows the user to view the following information o The average minimum and maximum heart rate for the s...

Страница 27: ...area of data Remove This function enables the user to remove a section of the heart rate and activity data Unmark include This is the opposite of the Mark and Remove functions and unmarks or re includ...

Страница 28: ...l data is to be removed gives the following message Selecting Yes will remove all data after the date and time given Note this is reversible by reselecting Trim and then Clear trim After a file has be...

Страница 29: ...is normally the simplest and most accurate method of collecting sleeping heart rate data We do not recommend attempting to create resting HR results from any other method unless a sleep recording is n...

Страница 30: ...nergy expenditure without further breakdown or options Advanced EE allows more options and hence considerably more potential for confusion or need to understand the processing A few of the detailed di...

Страница 31: ...sing the Advanced Energy Expenditure part of the software For further details please see Section 4 4 8 1 on measured RMR 4 2 6 Sleeping Heart Rate SHR This is required in order to calculate AEE The pr...

Страница 32: ...the HR has been set to zero each stored IBI minimum and maximum there will be minimum of sixteen if the epoch is 15 sec is used to calculate a HR 60 000 ms which is then compared with the previous va...

Страница 33: ...they were sedentary for example having a nap or an overnight sleep it would be more appropriate to select No and leave the Activity EE at zero for these periods 4 3 Daily Energy Expenditure Selecting...

Страница 34: ...modes are Group Cal JAP2007 This model uses a group calibration for heart rate and activity We recommend it for any new analysis work on adults where you do not wish to perform a step test on each par...

Страница 35: ...from a user provided table of HR to EE measurements for each user Models with each of these in the name will use the relevant source for relating heart rate to energy expenditure Child Models beginni...

Страница 36: ...ghlighting that variant in the window 4 3 4 Individual Calibration To view and select an individual calibration go to the Advanced Energy Expenditure application and proceed in the manner described in...

Страница 37: ...sical activity level PAL is also shown and this is a ratio of daily TEE to REE The REE can either be estimated using the Schofield equations or can be specified by the user see Appendix 3 and Section...

Страница 38: ...t Activity Heart Rate Data This report provides graphs for all days showing the BPM red and Activity Black with daily HR statistics 4 3 9 Copying Data There are 5 possible options for copying data to...

Страница 39: ...e the average of all full days The option to begin analysis from only the currently selected recording may be useful if only a subset of a large group is required Note that the list can be sorted diff...

Страница 40: ...hen the user is set up and the parameters are ready to be sent to the Actiheart the screen on the following page is shown This screen allows the user to select the required recording type The maximum...

Страница 41: ...Selecting an Energy Model Before you can view a recording and analyse it you first need to select the Energy Model that you wish to apply to the analysis from the drop down list If you select one of...

Страница 42: ...eters generated by the Step Test ii Other HR calibration If a calibration has been performed by some other means the data generated by this can then be entered here Read the Important Information befo...

Страница 43: ...est is performed See Appendix 4 for details of how this is calculated VO2 max is calculated from the value of PAI when the heart rate is equal to HR max To calculate proceed as follows Select the cali...

Страница 44: ...orn periods select yes or no The screen is divided up into six primary regions as follows A User details Information about the user to which the recording relates B Tools Tabs displays analysis inform...

Страница 45: ...for the graph elements Moving along the recording will display the data epoch by epoch To review individual high resolution epochs e g 15 seconds it will be necessary to reduce the display width to al...

Страница 46: ...Trim these are described in Section 3 4 1 AEE and TEE These boxes display the values of AEE and TEE in the highlighted period If the monitor has not been worn for part of this period then the AEE 0 un...

Страница 47: ...e is up up down down per minute to begin with up to 33 step cycles per minute at the end The stepping speed is dictated either by a drum rhythm or by voice commands The user can select whether the voc...

Страница 48: ...on the user After the Actiheart has been placed on the user they should stand still in front of the step until the test starts The default audio instruction is to step up up down down repeatedly It i...

Страница 49: ...d directly using the Read button on the window above 4 5 4 Viewing Details of a Step Test Recording This is the same as for other recordings please see Section 3 1 5 4 5 6 Analysing a Step Test Record...

Страница 50: ...ure from the step test results The meaning of these are discussed further below in Section 4 5 7 IMPORTANT If the subjected stopped stepping earlier than the full 8 minutes the end point of the test w...

Страница 51: ...of Actihearts individually and setting them all to a synchronous start time Multiple physical steps will be required 4 5 9 Marking Bad HR data When manually reviewing the R wave graph and regions of b...

Страница 52: ...t are altered for a completed test then the results will alter accordingly on screen and if Save is pressed the original Step Test calibration data held in the database will be overwritten If a Step T...

Страница 53: ...ternal storage for later download via USB 5 1 Selecting a Recording Use the Full Waveform button in the main menu to open the recordings list window shown below This shows a list of all recordings eli...

Страница 54: ...the and buttons The data channels shown in the plot are calculated as follows ECG The full recorded ECG waveform is graphed When zoomed out this will mostly show the outer envelope of the signal whic...

Страница 55: ...d how much physical movement has occurred Rotation Upright The orientation of the user is shown with a black bar representing the standing laying down position on the Upright data row The rotation of...

Страница 56: ...during the selected period The automatically derived PQRST measurements are both shown on the graph and numerically in the statistics box to the right The average ECG is analysed to get the PQRST tim...

Страница 57: ...es in the context of the full recording To use it first click the button and then click the crosshair on a single faint line in the ECG display This will cause the software to jump to the correspondin...

Страница 58: ...fected by changes in the electrical impedance of the thoracic cavity due to the filling and emptying of the lungs These physical influences result in amplitude variations in the ECG waveform which is...

Страница 59: ...Section 7 of the Guide to Getting Started for more details For details on setting up a delayed start recording please see Section 3 1 3 Downloading a Sleep Analysis recording is the same as any other...

Страница 60: ...rs of the chosen recording namely those for the user and those for the start and finish times of the recording Second region This shows the activity data in black and the heart rate data in red for th...

Страница 61: ...s is also shown on the histogram plot RMSSD This is the root mean square of the successive differences of the IBI s Note All time domain and frequency domain parameters are based on the definitions co...

Страница 62: ...een 6 3 5 Copying Data Data can be copied from the software for pasting into an external program of the user s choice The selected data is exported to the clipboard and can then be pasted from there i...

Страница 63: ...nent peak in the HRV spectrum normally around 0 2 0 3Hz generated as a consequence of heart rate varying slightly with breathing Slowing and deepening of breathing will amplify the magnitude of the pe...

Страница 64: ...window now contains the sleep stages for the period with light sleep displayed in yellow deep sleep displayed in green and REM sleep in red The time spent awake during the night is shown in black The...

Страница 65: ...am of the sleep stages and the sleep statistics and is done by selecting first Print and then Sleep Staging from the drop down menu at the top of the screen 6 4 3 Copying Data Data can be copied from...

Страница 66: ...ata in red for the duration of the recording The scale of these can be adjusted using the sliders to either side of this display c Third section The Analysis Results window shows a power spectral anal...

Страница 67: ...be pasted from there into e g Microsoft Excel There are three options a Copy raw data This takes the raw activity heart rate and IBI data and puts it on the clipboard This is done by selecting first C...

Страница 68: ...s of the recording b Second section This shows the activity data in black and the heart rate data in red for the duration of the recording The scale of these can be adjusted using the sliders to eithe...

Страница 69: ...Data Data can be copied from the software for pasting into an external program of the user s choice The selected data is exported to the clipboard and can then be pasted from there into e g Microsoft...

Страница 70: ...ate signal vary over time The red areas show increased activity in a given frequency band Significant components along the bottom of the scale may indicate the presence of sleep apnoea 6 7 1 Previewin...

Страница 71: ...selecting first Copy and then Raw Data from the drop down menu at the top of the screen b Copy Detailed Statistics This is done by selecting first Copy and then Detailed Statistics from the drop down...

Страница 72: ...SB In this case plug it in to charge for several hours then disconnect and re plug to USB again This should restore a basic charge level and correct USB connection The battery is re chargeable to maxi...

Страница 73: ...d those directly connected to the public low voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes The Actiheart has not been tested for use in the following special environm...

Страница 74: ...heart including cables specified by the manufacturer Otherwise degradation of the performance of this equipment could result Electromagnetic Immunity Guidance and Manufacturers Declaration Electromagn...

Страница 75: ...during recording Typical results are quoted for recording times Note that lossless compression means that the data will never be affected the original is stored and re used exactly The only consequen...

Страница 76: ...second will be recorded varying dynamically with the input signal These peaks are processed by the PC software to identify the most likely IBI sequence amongst any noise registered in a more robust ma...

Страница 77: ...ovement of Actiheart units means that it is not possible in practice to place two recording devices on a subject and record identical outputs Time Keeping The Actiheart time is set by the PC clock and...

Страница 78: ...activity or combined arm and leg activity This is primarily because of the smaller amount of muscle mass involved with arm only activity Therefore HR alone will lead to an overestimation of EE For rel...

Страница 79: ...energy expended being resting energy expenditure REE For HR values above FlexHR EE is predicted using a regression line The AEE is set to zero in the classical HR only model to avoid overestimation o...

Страница 80: ...eliable and this is reflected by a relatively low weighting of the HR EE relationship i e P4 is low Z is used to discriminate between raised HR due to some true activity in the presence of no activity...

Страница 81: ...w concept 4 which serves to interpolate the intensity curve of activity in the region between rest 0 0 and the slowest walking speed HRaS Heart rate above sleeping heart rate ADULTS Based on reference...

Страница 82: ...leeping HR instead of Resting HR HRaS PAI P Q Flex Point HRaS O PQ PAI 6 1 HRaS 73 1 20 7 male sex 1 4 HRaS male sex OP gradient 6 1 23 73 1 20 7 male sex 1 4 23 male sex 23 OP PAI OP gradient HRaS CP...

Страница 83: ...and the HRaS at 3 2 kph is 36 BPM Thus the Flex HR is set to 23 6bpm 2 Transition HRaS This is the average between the highest walking and slowest jogging HRaS See 5 i e 80 4 BPM 3 X value Since cycli...

Страница 84: ...ual fitness levels Heart Rate above sleep HRaS based on individual sleeping HR is used to reduce error but individual calibration is more accurate Individual calibration equations may be used in the A...

Страница 85: ...ero and 100 If no value is entered in the database the program will set a default value of 25 Example In an epoch which falls into Branch 1 the HR would normally be weighted by 90 and the Activity by...

Страница 86: ...ling of simultaneous accelerometry and heart rate monitoring improves estimate of directly measured physical activity energy expenditure J Appl Physiol 96 343 351 2004 First published September 12 200...

Страница 87: ...7 4H 617 6 16 252W 1023 2H 413 5 3 10 19 59W 130 3H 414 9 16 969W 161 8H 371 2 10 18 16 25W 137 2H 515 5 8 36W 465H 200 Wt Kg H metres RMR kcal day Adults Wt Kg RMR MJ day To convert to kcal multiply...

Страница 88: ...he power Pstep generated during stepping in Joules min kg is calculated as follows Joules kg min Vertical distance m x steps min 3 P step and HR step values are plotted and a straight line is fitted t...

Страница 89: ...icted VO2 max in ml kg min is then equal to PAI max in J kg min divided by 20 35 J ml O2 HRaSmax HRmax SHR The maximum HR for an individual is predicted from age HR max 208 0 7 age and is based on a m...

Страница 90: ...Actiheart User Manual 5 1 31 Jun 2022 90 Appendix 5 Calculation of Energy Expenditure...

Страница 91: ...ons for treadmill walking and running The combined heart rate and motion sensor Actiheart Institute of Public Health University of Cambridge UK and 2 Institute of Sport Science Clinical Biomechanics U...

Страница 92: ...d It is in principle related to the food consumed but is often estimated as it is difficult to measure and unlikely to change suddenly for an individual ECG Refers to the ElectroCardioGraph a represen...

Страница 93: ...MR Resting Metabolic Rate The energy which a person will use without performing any activity at all RMSSD The root mean square of the successive differences of the IBIs Sleep HR Sleeping heart rate wh...

Страница 94: ...y of Pacing and Electrophysiology VO2 Max The maximum oxygen consumption rate of an individual This is a measure of power output that is estimated by the Actiheart system from a step test but not a co...

Страница 95: ...TE 5 0 6 5 0 6a 22 02 19 Updated to add EM information to section 6 minor layout corrections HS 5 0 6a 5 0 28 01 12 19 Addition of Live Display notes for Step Test and Waveform setup and flat battery...

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