Appendix C: Principles of Operation
105
Power is further conserved through cycling and duty-cycling the end device’s sampling and
calculation frequencies. The RS-232C interface is software-controlled and manages power supplied
to a radio or modem for minimum power consumption.
Analog Inputs
The analog input circuits read voltages from 0 to 5 VDC. Input devices with 1-5V outputs are
connected to analog inputs and scaled from 0 to 100% by software. If 4-20 mA devices are used,
optional precision load resistors can be installed.
Each input signal is connected to an input port on the analog multiplexer (MUX), which routes each
signal sequentially to the input port of the A/D converter (see Figure C.1). The sampling interval is
software-controlled (see Chapter 4 of the ScanWin Lite manual or Chapter 11 of the ScanWin Pro
manual for information on Averaging Delay).
One of the MUX input ports is connected to a precision voltage reference and another port is
connected to ground. This forms the basis for autocalibration. The CPU uses the readings from these
ports to establish internal correction factors for the transmitter signals. Autocalibration corrects drift
in the analog circuitry due to component age, temperature-induced gain variations, cross-channel
leakage in the MUX, assorted component leakage, and other errors. Further corrections determined
from the loop calibration data are applied to account for the end-device characteristics including
static offset, linearity and hysteresis. Various checks ensure that the corrections are “reasonable.”
All analog inputs are single-ended (common ground). Therefore, some method of isolation may be
required to share an analog signal with another device.
Analog to
Digital
conversion
CPU
16 bit
Analog
Input
protection
& filtering
RTD Input
protection
and
filtering
etc...
Auto-cal zero.
Precision
reference
Auto-cal fullscale
+
Zero and Fullscale
references converted
periodically for use by
auto-cal correction
routines.
Transmitter
Power
Analog In
GND
Vtx
etc...
RTD C1
RTD C2
RTD R
(common)
Multiplexer
+
Figure C.1—Routing of analog input signals for conversion to digital readout
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