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4.7.3.8.1

IP BROADCAST/MULTICAST OVERVIEW

When an IP packet needs to reach more than one unit, the destination address can be set to either a broad-
cast address or a multicast address.

Figure 32 - Broadcast Window Detail

4.7.3.8.2

BROADCASTS

There are two types of IP broadcast addresses:

•

Directed broadcast

A directed broadcast address is an IP address where the host portion is all ones (for instance
172.30.1.255 is the directed broadcast address for the network 172.30.1.0/24, 172.30.1.207 is the di-
rected broadcast address for the network 172.30.1.192/28).

•

Limited broadcast

The limited broadcast address is 255.255.255.255.

Note:

Routing equipment (to prevent broadcast storms) do not by default forward limited broad-
cast packets (255.255.255.255). On the other hand, directed broadcast packets are by default
forwarded because these packets are routable like any other unicast packets.

4.7.3.8.2.1

DIRECTED BROADCAST

Each interface of a unit has its own IP address and netmask. From the IP address and netmask, it is easy to cal-
culate the broadcast address associated to the interface. For instance, if the Ethernet interface address of a
GeminiG3 radiomodem is 172.30.1.1/24 and the RF interface address is 10.0.1.2/24, then the broadcast ad-
dress of the Ethernet interface is 172.30.1.255 and the broadcast address of the RF interface is 10.0.1.255.

The “

Directed Broadcast

” option buttons let the user select whether the unit must forward

(or not)

directed

broadcast

packets. Upon reception of a

directed broadcast

packet, the unit takes the following actions:

If the directed broadcast address matches with one of the unit’s interface broadcast addresses:

•

Keep a copy for itself (pass to internal applications, if any).

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Содержание GEMINI G3

Страница 1: ...GEMINI G3 MOBILE RADIO MODEM User Manual 001 0001 401 Rev A November 2013...

Страница 2: ...tance of at least 20 cm 8 inches between the transmitter s antenna and any person while in use This modem is designed for use in applications that observe the 20 cm separation distance Interference Is...

Страница 3: ...CalAmp branding new PN 001 0001 401 Changes from previous Dataradio PN D12020131301 version 3 01 include all related ACMA specification information for UHF 403 512 MHz November 2013 Rev A Add referen...

Страница 4: ...mmended tools and supplies 11 2 3 2 Physical mounting 11 2 4 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 13 2 4 1 Electrical requirements 13 2 4 2 Routing of power cable 13 2 5 ANTENNA 15 2 5 1 Recommended tools and supp...

Страница 5: ...ced RF IP 35 4 7 3 3 Setup Advanced RF Freq Radio Table Set Up 36 4 7 3 4 Setup Advanced Roaming Setup 38 4 7 3 5 Setup Advanced IP Services 39 4 7 3 6 NAT Overview 40 4 7 3 6 1 NAT on the Base Unit P...

Страница 6: ...2 GPS Test 79 5 4 TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS 80 5 4 1 Network Connectivity 80 5 4 2 Configuration Information 80 5 4 3 Statistics Information 81 5 5 FIRMWARE UPGRADING 81 5 5 1 Procedure 81 5 5 1 1 File In...

Страница 7: ...onomous Automatic Vehicle Location AAVL Using built in GPS receiver determines position speed and direction of fleet members The GeminiG3 radiomodem is made up of A main transceiver An auxiliary recei...

Страница 8: ...e base station for maximum network flexibility Built in up to 32 channels synthesized half duplex operating transceiver with automatic channel selec tion for improved roaming capabilities AES 128 bit...

Страница 9: ...nalized by CalAmp system engineering Network specific operating instructions should be prepared by the system administra tors in conjunction with CalAmp system engineering Instructions and examples gi...

Страница 10: ...be mounted sufficiently away from an opened trunk lid or opened tailgate windows or doors to avoid exposure to rain and or snow It also minimizes the chance that material can be accidentally thrown on...

Страница 11: ...n systems Electronic anti skid braking systems Electronic cruise control systems If the installation vehicle contains such equipment consult the dealer for the make of vehicle and enlist his aid in de...

Страница 12: ...IES Electric drill for mounting holes Hammer and center punch Tie wraps Drills and circle cutters as needed according the size of screws or nuts and bolts used In line Power meter capable of measuring...

Страница 13: ...ted when installed Exterior Dimensions 6 3 x 2 5 in Slot Dimensions 1 0 x 0 2 in Figure 1 Mounting plate and slot dimensions 2 Using the installation bracket as a template mark the four locations for...

Страница 14: ...ts up to 12 0A It will tolerate a supply voltage range of 10 9 volts to 16 3 volts In vehicles with a 24 VDC electrical system mostly in trucks it is essential to provide a suitably rated 24 12 VDC co...

Страница 15: ...close to the vehicle s battery as practicable Ensure that leads do not chafe on any metal part s Secure the wires at several locations along their length Caution Use proper crimping tool Common plier...

Страница 16: ...ing that the DC Power lead must NOT be switched 10 Make appropriate connections Cautions Where scraping to bare metal was required and at the battery posts where wire ends and lugs may be exposed appl...

Страница 17: ...ing For the optimum antenna spacing at the frequency you are using consult System Engineering For installation of ground plane dependent antennas the center of the metal surface used for mounting is p...

Страница 18: ...on the radiomodem For the GPS 1 use a SMA connector 4 Positively identify the transceiver plug and connect to the left rear of GeminiG3 unit 5 Positively identify the auxiliary receiver plug and conn...

Страница 19: ...e GeminiG3 LEDs as per Table 2 on page 20 2 Using the GeminiG3 Web Interface program and an in line wattmeter check forward reverse power to confirm main antenna installation as per section 4 3 Check...

Страница 20: ...e SMA type female connector for the GPS receiver Three LED indicators Two DE 9F RS232 ports One Ethernet 10 100BaseT port One USB port future use The rear panel includes One female antenna connector f...

Страница 21: ...r Reboot in 10 secs Blinking Red on Amber Short red blink Off Unable to complete boot process Power ON LEDs are paired Special PWR PGM RX TX Indication Blinking Green on Black 1 2 sec each Solid Red T...

Страница 22: ...connect user applications Table 3 DTE port pin functions DE 9 F pin Function 1 DCD from GeminiG3 normally asserted 2 RXD data from GeminiG3 3 TXD data to GeminiG3 4 DTR to GeminiG3 handshaking 5 Grou...

Страница 23: ...e updated remotely even over the RF net work itself using the standard File Transfer Protocol FTP Figure 7 Web Interface 4 1 1 INTERFACE SETUP AND STATUS The GeminiG3 radiomodem user interface is used...

Страница 24: ...ocol TCP IP Properties screen follow either method below A Select Obtain an IP address automatically B Select Use the following IP address Enter 192 168 201 2 in the IP address field 255 255 255 0 in...

Страница 25: ...10 x y z MASK 255 0 0 0 GeminiG3 NAT DHCP Server RF IP 10 a b c MASK 255 0 0 0 Eth1 IP 192 168 201 1 MASK 255 255 255 0 RF Network Host IP 192 168 202 2 MASK 255 255 255 0 route add 10 0 0 0 mask 255...

Страница 26: ...OGIN SCREEN On your Internet browser address line type the factory default IP address given to all GeminiG3 radiomodem units 192 168 201 1 Press Enter The Enter Network Password screen opens 4 5 1 INI...

Страница 27: ...submenus and display the first submenu in the right hand frame Click the current submenu entry to refresh the right hand frame The tables starting at section 4 7 1 1 below list action of each function...

Страница 28: ...e loss of temporarily entered selections addresses and values Save Config writes in flash thus failure to use the Save Config command button will result in the loss of temporarily entered parameters A...

Страница 29: ...r version number Rxx_R Sequential Package Release Timestamp Station Name Displays name of the connected unit Configured under Setup Basic General Station Name System ID Displays System s unique identi...

Страница 30: ...another base station Unit Status Normally displays Ok in the message area Displays various warnings or messages in the event of hardware failure If indications persist have the status information hand...

Страница 31: ...assigned to the radiomodem at time of manufacture Radio Type Identifies the unit as a model operating at 800 MHz IF Bandwidth Indicates the various bandwidths used by the radio The model in the illust...

Страница 32: ...recommends changing the System ID to some other value unique to each network Upper limit is 255 4 7 2 2 SETUP BASIC BASIC IP CONFIGURATION Sets the IP characteristics of the Ethernet port Figure 15 S...

Страница 33: ...terface RS 232 connection to Host PC Default SETUP GPS Direct GPS reports see GPS Delivery to this serial port Custom Choosing Custom enables the IP Gateway Transport configuration IP Gateway Transpor...

Страница 34: ...an be changed dynamically without a unit reset Remote IP Port For socket connection modes TCP active UDP set to any value between 1 and 65535 Default local port value is 23 and can be changed dynamica...

Страница 35: ...hernet Interface MTU Default 1500 For optimal performance set at 1500 Flexibility of using lower values may be useful in testing or for particular operational conditions If a lower value is used CalAm...

Страница 36: ...signed address nnn nnn nnn nnn Factory Entering 0 0 0 0 sets the RF IP Address to the factory default and highlights the Factory name active address Entering nnn nnn nnn nnn RF IP Address of your choi...

Страница 37: ...nd TX frequencies for each channel 1 Figure 19 Radio Table Set Up Note Exercise caution when entering RF frequencies GeminiG3 radio modem will reject any entry with a wrong frequency step and will tra...

Страница 38: ...nel types available are normally used as follows 50 0 kHz Wideband 700 MHz 25 0 kHz Full Channel UHF or 800 MHz or NPSPAC Channel used for NPSPAC 800 MHz as appropriate Tower Steering Period Extends t...

Страница 39: ...m to another base this value spreads the activity so that mobiles do not roam at the same time Set this value large in the hundreds for systems with many active mobiles RSSI is below dBm Mobile will r...

Страница 40: ...dress space to another In GeminiG3 it is normally used on the WAN side of an IP network to hide local IP addresses from an external IP network i e Internet See section 4 6 3 5 1 on the next page for...

Страница 41: ...esn t see the private IP address of Host 1 When Host 2 sends a reply to Host 1 Host 2 uses the destination IP address 192 168 1 1 this gets translated back to the appropriate destination IP address by...

Страница 42: ...t 1 Source Address 172 30 1 2 Destination Address 200 1 1 1 Packet 1 Source Address 192 168 1 1 Destination Address 200 1 1 1 172 30 1 1 24 192 168 1 1 24 Paragon4 NAT Enabled Management Host 1 172 30...

Страница 43: ...Enabled on GeminiG3 External Host 1 200 1 1 1 24 RF Network Public Network External Network RF Network Mobile 2 Network Management Network Private Network 173 30 1 0 24 Base Paragon3 Ethernet 1 192 1...

Страница 44: ...dress 173 30 1 2 Destination Address 200 1 1 1 Packet 1 Source Address 10 0 1 2 Destination Address 200 1 1 1 173 30 1 1 2 10 0 1 2 24 GeminiG3 NAT Enabled Management Host 1 173 30 1 2 24 Mobile Host...

Страница 45: ...nt information MIB comprises a complete collection of objects used to manage entities in a network A long numeric tag or object identifier OID is used to distinguish each variable uniquely in the MIB...

Страница 46: ...p recommends opening all MIB files with a MIB browser In a MIB browser each object or node can be selected and its properties including its OID can be observed For simple networks a basic free applica...

Страница 47: ...mobiles can create traffic jams It is strongly recommended to access mobiles diagnostics and statistics through the Mobile Tables on the base sta tions and to only use gcu3 mib for trap reporting For...

Страница 48: ...efault Controls forwarding of Directed Broadcast packets Limited Broadcast Disabled Default Enabled Controls forwarding of Limited broadcast packets Multicast Multicast Forwarding Disabled Default Ena...

Страница 49: ...pecified in the Multicast White List all multicast packets re ceived on the RF interface are passed to the LAN When Multicast Forwarding mode is enabled and some multicast groups are specified in the...

Страница 50: ...her hand directed broadcast packets are by default forwarded because these packets are routable like any other unicast packets 4 7 3 8 2 1 DIRECTED BROADCAST Each interface of a unit has its own IP ad...

Страница 51: ...NABLED Figure 33 Example of Directed broadcast forwarding enabled In this example Figure 33 directed broadcast forwarding is enabled on the Base unit and on Mobile 1 unit If Sender wants to reach Mobi...

Страница 52: ...then the directed broadcast forwarding must be disabled on the Base unit itself 4 7 3 8 2 2 LIMITED BROADCAST The Limited Broadcast enabled disabled option buttons control limited broadcast packets fo...

Страница 53: ...nit and on all Mobile units If Sender wants to reach Mobile Host 1 Mobile Host 2 and Mobile Host 3 and Mobile Host 4 with a single packet he can send to destination address 255 255 255 255 Notice that...

Страница 54: ...t received from the Base unit If the user wants the Base unit to do the discarding of the limited broadcasting packets then the limited broadcast forwarding must be disabled on the Base unit itself Th...

Страница 55: ...he multicast group multicast address used by the radio station sender host and add itself as a member of this group In the IP realm a host uses the IGMP protocol to do this The routers inside the Inte...

Страница 56: ...the Base unit uses IGMP to register the memberships to the multicast groups on behalf of the other units Mobile units Mobile Host units Sender owner of multicast group 226 1 2 3 Receiver 1 member of...

Страница 57: ...t multicast groups The settings for mobile and base are shown in Figure 40 below Also represented in Figure 41 it would enable the Sender unit to reach all entities of the various groups Network All B...

Страница 58: ...tbound unit address Indicates the All Mobile multicast group Base side DMP IP only Multicast Address List Indicates the various Mobile Host groups Must be set on both Base and Mobiles Figure 41 Typica...

Страница 59: ...ilitate tracking of events in a network the Paragon4 base station and the GeminiG3 radiomodem can initialize their real time clocks using a number of protocols At reset time the Paragon4 base station...

Страница 60: ...f computer systems over packet switched variable latency data networks Refresh Period Determines the interval in seconds before a time update will be accepted from the time source in use Refresh Timeo...

Страница 61: ...D ETHERNET PHY Figure 44 Advanced IP Configuration Ethernet PHY Item Description PHY Bitrate Auto Negotiate Force to 100 Mbps Force to 10 Mbps Default PHY Duplex Displays factory configured mode of op...

Страница 62: ...ther indications are Autonomous GPS values use no additional correction information Last known Indicates GPS data is either old or not enough satellites are present to achieve a valid location computa...

Страница 63: ...Ground Speed km h Shows travel speed in km h from GPS equipped GeminiG3 mobiles 4 7 4 2 GPS DELIVERY OPTIONS Figure 46 GPS Delivery Options Initial screen on left screen with 2 UDP Hosts on right 62...

Страница 64: ...EA National Marine Electronics Associa tion a standard proto col used by GPS re ceivers to transmit data GGA GPS Fix Data Text GPGGA 202742 0 4529 7240 N 7339 8585 W 2 9 0 9 2 8 M 3E DCF 2 0 Raw Datar...

Страница 65: ...VL Item Description Report every 2 meters MDBR Maximum Distance Between Reports Distance interval the vehicle sends a position update each time it has moved this dis tance unless the minimum time inte...

Страница 66: ...Old Password For an initial installation enter the default Password ADMINISTRATOR all upper case letters For subsequent access use the Password that you will have configured New Password Enter a strin...

Страница 67: ...Encryption Key All units in a network must have the same key READ ONLY Displayed in pairs separated with spaces 66...

Страница 68: ...input packets received by RF OIP interface TX Pkts RF OIP Sublayer The total number of output packets transmitted by RF OIP interface RX Ctrl Pkts Airlink Sublayer The total number of control input pa...

Страница 69: ...TEST To aid in trouble shooting IP connectivity issues the Paragon4 base station and the GeminiG3 radiomodem can transmit ping packets to a given IP address Four packets are sent and the time taken f...

Страница 70: ...o 40 characters to help identify the configuration settings to be saved Click on Proceed to save the settings to the unit The new configuration set over writes the factory or previously user saved con...

Страница 71: ...instead of to merge with bundled settings simply select the Restore Factory Settings option button right after performing the firmware upgrade and click on Proceed Important note Activating Restore F...

Страница 72: ...e The firmware transfer procedure outlined in section 5 5 1 instructs to Click on Maintenance Package Control to verify integrity and wait a few moments for the results to display Figure 52 above show...

Страница 73: ...4 7 7 4 MAINTENANCE RF TESTS Figure 53 Control RF Tests 72...

Страница 74: ...ckground It indicates the base station to which the mobile is currently registered To set frequency see section 4 7 3 3 Active Channel These read only fields display the active RX and TX radio frequen...

Страница 75: ...ower meter between the radio and the antenna Measure the forward nominal 27W and reflected power levels by pressing the Execute button Never exceed 1W of reflected power 100 Hz square wave Starts a te...

Страница 76: ...e GeminiG3 radiomodem Description Describes the functionality associated to the option numbers Status Shows the status of the functionality configured for this network 4 7 9 SITE MAP AND HELP Figure 5...

Страница 77: ...6 refer to Table 5 Test Checklist next page 1 Power up LED Sequence 2 Transmit power output 3 Reflected power output 4 Carrier frequency error 5 TX Deviation 6 Main RX and Aux RX RSSI 7 RF Link test...

Страница 78: ...in line wattmeter Refer to factory technical support 3 Transmitter Reflected Power In Test Tone section of the page Select Unmodulated Press Execute Note Must be in Test Mode 5 of forward power or as...

Страница 79: ...on buttons 70 dBm 3 typical 90 dBm 3 typical 110 dBm 3 typical RSSI Table bar graph See section 4 7 7 4 The RSSI checks give a general indication of receivers health Refer to factory technical support...

Страница 80: ...oting procedures should be undertaken to isolate the fault 1 Disconnect the GPS antenna cable connector from the Gemini radio and check for 5 VDC on the center pin of the GPS antenna connector on the...

Страница 81: ...MS Windows 9x ME NT 2000 XP and Win7 Note Users with MS Windows 2000 or XP who need additional information on network latency and network loss may also use the pathping command EXAMPLE tracert www ya...

Страница 82: ...t displays the routing table 5 4 3 STATISTICS INFORMATION NETSTAT WINS UNIX The netstat command symbolically displays the contents of various network related data structures i e IP TCP UDP Available f...

Страница 83: ...Username and Password usage 3 Transfer all the files in the upgrade package Occasionally long pauses on the order of 30 to 45 seconds are possible when storing the file in the unit s flash file syste...

Страница 84: ...hould correspond to the upgrade package version and the H W Status should also show Ok d In the left pane click on Maintenance then on Package Control Wait a few moments for the results to display Fig...

Страница 85: ...he air programmable Power Supply voltage 13 8Vdc nominal negative ground 10 9 16 3 VDC Circuit Protection 15 Amp fuse external Internal crowbar diode for reverse polarity protection RX Current at 13 6...

Страница 86: ...cal 75 dB 70 dB for ADB model 80 dB typical 75 dB 70 dB for ADB model 80 dB typical 75 dB 70 dB for ADB model FM hum noise ratio 45 dB 25 kHz 50 dB 150 kHz 45 dB 25 kHz 45 dB NPSPAC UHF 700 MHz 800 MH...

Страница 87: ...time subject to FCC MPE limit Transmitter Stabil ity into VSWR 6 1 Power Foldback Allowed Spurious Emissions 80 dBc Frequency stability 1 0 ppm FM hum and noise ratio 45 dB 25 kHz 50 dB 50 kHz 45 dB 2...

Страница 88: ...0 32000 SRRC8FSK 28K0F1D 64000 32000 SRRC4FSK 28K0F1D 64000 16000 SRRC16FSK 16K4F1D C 14K4F1D G 48000 16000 SRRC8FSK 16K4F1D C 14K4F1D G 43200 14400 SRRC8FSK 16K4F1D C 14K4F1D G 32000 8000 SRRC16FSK 7...

Страница 89: ...dry contact is preferred due to the risk of noise related false alarms caused by the vehicle s electrical system Method 1 Using a dry contact only Figure 57 Appendix 1 Alarm Function Dry Contact Conne...

Страница 90: ...m input starts emergency communications On systems using DMP transition facilities the modem sends a DMP x or y message through to the MSC2 to the Host PC The alarm generates an SNMP trap The trap rep...

Страница 91: ...ersion 2 0 reports and provided to both local delivery and remote delivery services The remote delivery service of the GeminiG3 sends reports Out of Band OOB in any unused portion of control data pack...

Страница 92: ...led air link protocol whose algorithms were designed to favor throughput over latency To achieve that goal the air link uses adaptive timeslots called cycles to schedule traffic These cycles dynamical...

Страница 93: ...ping E DBA s cycle mechanism may produce an unex pectedly large delay when traversing an E DBA airlink A large timeout value is also recommended when using Traceroute TRACEROUTE Example C tracert w 50...

Страница 94: ...d to get a rough idea of an E DBA sys tem s performance the best metric will always be to test the system in conditions that reproduce as closely as possible its real life usage For example by using a...

Страница 95: ...date the page was last updated on the server Unless your unit was configured to pick up and maintain time of day section 4 7 3 10 its time and date restarts from the same point typically 1970 01 01 00...

Страница 96: ...to half duplex and 10 BaseT FTP Connection Failure Indication FTP transfer stops on one of the transfer steps and displays a message similar to Netout Connection reset by peer Connection closed by re...

Страница 97: ...family of products up to the Paragon4 Browser An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the infor mation on the World Wide Web BSC Base Station Controller Links to an...

Страница 98: ...s over a single line using separate Tx and Rx frequencies but only one direction at a time HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol The communications protocol used to connect browsers to servers on the Worl...

Страница 99: ...e Network Management Protocol Provides a means to monitor and control net work devices and to manage configurations statistics collection performance and se curity Spatial Diversity Composite informat...

Страница 100: ...A network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data that is sent Upgrade To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version URL Uni...

Страница 101: ...product mark the RMA clearly on the outside of the package Include a complete description of the problem and the name and telephone number of a contact person RETURN REQUESTS WILL NOT BE PROCESSED WI...

Страница 102: ...paragraph fulfills any and all warranty obligations on the part of CalAmp This warranty is void and CALAMP shall not be obligated to replace or repair any Products if i the Product has been used in ot...

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