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Review of Networking

2-2

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet is a local area networking technology that was initially developed in the
1970s by the Xerox Corporation. It is based on the principles of workstations
being responsible for their own transmissions and operation. It is sometimes
referred to as 802.3 networking, in reference to the number of the IEEE standards
body which subsumes all Ethernet operations.

Ethernet networks provide an operating bandwidth of 10 megabits per second
(Mbps). Bandwidth is a networking term which describes the operating speed of a
technology. In the case of Ethernet, a perfectly operating, theoretical Ethernet
network, can move 10,000,000 bits of data each second between two stations on
the network.

Ethernet is a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
LAN technology. Stations on an Ethernet LAN can access the network at any time.
Before sending data, Ethernet stations “listen” to the network to see if it is already
in use. If so, the station wishing to transmit waits and examines the network again
later. If the network is not in use, the station transmits. A collision occurs when
two stations listen for network traffic, “hear” none, then transmit simultaneously.
In this case, both transmissions are damaged and the stations, sensing this
collision, must retransmit at some later time. Backoff algorithms determine when
the colliding stations retransmit.

Ethernet is a broadcast network. In other words, all stations see all frames
(collections of data), regardless of if they are an intended destination. Each station
must examine received frames to determine if it is the destination. If so, the frame
is passed to a higher protocol layer for appropriate processing.

Ethernet transmits data frames over a physical medium of coaxial, fiber optic, or
twisted pair cable. The coaxial and fiber optic cable typically represents the
backbone of an Ethernet LAN, while twisted pair is used as a low cost connection
from the backbone to the desktop.

Ethernet LANs have the following media restrictions in order to adhere to IEEE
802.3 standards:

•

Bus Length: The maximum bus length for an Ethernet LAN for all media types
are as follows:

-

500 m for 10BASE5 coaxial cable

-

185 m for 10BASE2 coaxial cable

-

2,000 m for multi mode fiber optic (10BASE-F) cable
(5,000 m for single mode)

-

100 m for twisted pair (10BASE-T) cable.

NOTE

These media lengths are not precise values. Actual maximum
cable lengths are strongly dependent on the physical cable
characteristics.

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Содержание Cabletron BRIM-F6

Страница 1: ...Cabletron Systems Networking Guide Workgroup Solutions ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...Systems Inc All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Order Number 9032094 January 1997 Cabletron Systems Inc P O Box 5005 Rochester NH 03866 5005 Cabletron Systems SPECTRUM BRIM FNB LANVIEW Multi Media Access Center are registered trademarks and Bridge Router Interface Module BRIM A6 BRIM A6DP BRIM E6 BRIM E100 BRIM F6 BRIM W6 EPIM EPIM A EPIM C EPIM F1 EPIM F2 EPIM F3 EPIM T EP...

Страница 4: ...Notice ii ...

Страница 5: ...t Ethernet 2 3 Token Ring 2 5 Chapter 3 The Workgroup Approach Standalones 3 1 Standalones the Original Networking Devices 3 2 Management of Standalones 3 3 Limitations of Standalones 3 3 Stackables 3 4 How Stacks Work 3 5 Intelligence in the Stack 3 6 Internetworking for Stacks 3 6 Limitations of Stacks 3 7 Chapter 4 PIMs and BRIMs Port Interface Modules 4 1 Types of PIMs 4 2 Bridge Router Interf...

Страница 6: ...nes 5 17 Choosing Backbone Technologies 5 21 Chapter 6 Ethernet Ethernet Workgroup Devices 6 2 Shared Devices 6 2 Switched Devices 6 4 Ethernet Workgroup Design 6 5 The Home Office 6 5 The Small Office 6 11 The Remote Office 6 16 The High End Department 6 19 Permutations 6 24 Chapter 7 Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet Workgroup Devices 7 1 Shared Devices 7 1 Switched Devices 7 2 Fast Ethernet Workgroup...

Страница 7: ...endix A Charts and Tables Workgroup Design Tables A 1 Ethernet A 1 Fast Ethernet A 3 Token Ring A 4 PIMs and BRIMs A 5 Networking Standards and Limitations A 8 Ethernet A 8 Fast Ethernet A 9 Token Ring A 10 FDDI A 12 ...

Страница 8: ...Contents vi ...

Страница 9: ... and FDDI If you are unfamiliar with these technologies Cabletron Systems produces instructional and reference materials that may be of assistance in learning these networking technologies The available instructional materials are referred to in Related Documentation later in this chapter For those already familiar with the Ethernet Fast Ethernet and Token Ring technologies a brief refresher in th...

Страница 10: ...abletron Systems various speciality interface modules Chapter 5 Network Design covers the information and decisions involved in the identification of networking needs and formation of solutions which meet those needs Chapter 6 Ethernet explains and illustrates the network design process involved in creating Ethernet workgroups Chapter 7 Fast Ethernet provides information and examples that show the...

Страница 11: ...on of hardware and cabling Cabletron Systems maintains a staff of network design personnel and highly trained cabling and hardware installation technicians The services of the Networking Services group are available to customers at any time If you are interested in obtaining design assistance or a network installation plan from the Networking Services group contact your Cabletron Systems Sales Rep...

Страница 12: ...e in greater or lesser detail than they are presented here Cabletron Systems Networking Guide MMAC FNB Solutions Cabletron Systems Cabling Guide Cabletron Systems Ethernet Technology Guide Cabletron Systems Token Ring Technology Guide Cabletron Systems FDDI Technology Guide For additional product or other information visit us at http www cabletron com or contact Cabletron Systems by phone at 603 3...

Страница 13: ...ernet and Token Ring This section is intended to be a review of the most important aspects of these technologies and is not expected to stand alone For more detailed information Cabletron Systems publishes a series of other documents that treat these technologies in greater detail For introductory information the Cabletron Systems Networking Guide MMAC FNB Solutions manual provides extensive train...

Страница 14: ...ons listen for network traffic hear none then transmit simultaneously In this case both transmissions are damaged and the stations sensing this collision must retransmit at some later time Backoff algorithms determine when the colliding stations retransmit Ethernet is a broadcast network In other words all stations see all frames collections of data regardless of if they are an intended destinatio...

Страница 15: ...ut of the popular Ethernet technology described above Fast Ethernet uses the same CSMA CD media access method and basic network operation The main differences between Ethernet and Fast Ethernet are the available bandwidth and media limitations Fast Ethernet increases the available bandwidth of a single network to 100 Mbps ten times faster than normal Ethernet This increase in transmission speed ho...

Страница 16: ... and network restrictions in order to adhere to IEEE standards Cabling Quality All 100BASE TX links require UTP cabling meeting or exceeding the Telecommunications Industry Association TIA Category 5 specification The link must be compliant from end to end including all connectors and patch panels Link Length No single link in the Fast Ethernet network may exceed the limitations given below includ...

Страница 17: ...idges switches or routers can allow the creation of larger networks Token Ring Token Ring network operation is based on the principle that the operation of the entire network determines when a station may transmit and when it will receive Stations monitor one another and one station acts as an overall ring monitor keeping track of important statistics Token Ring stations are connected to one anoth...

Страница 18: ... network to suffer errors and poor performance In order to stretch the capabilities of a Token Ring network various technologies are available which extend the distance a signal can travel before suffering degradation or loss of signal timing due to cable lengths or high station count One method of increasing the resilience of a Token Ring network is the incorporation of what is called active circ...

Страница 19: ...ings 16 Mbps Token Ring networks also impose limitations on the maximum length of any media connected to an active port as shown in the following list IBM Types 1 2 STP 150 m IBM Types 6 9 STP 100 m Category 5 UTP 120 m Categories 3 4 UTP 100 m Multimode Fiber Optics 2000 m Single Mode Fiber Optics 2000 m RI RO Cable Lengths for 4 Mbps Token Rings 4 Mbps Token Ring networks also require that Ring ...

Страница 20: ...to 16 Mbps networks In one case the number of stations supported by these faster Token Ring networks is significantly lower than the number supported by the 4 Mbps rings IBM Types 1 2 STP 250 stations IBM Types 6 9 STP 136 stations Category 5 UTP 150 stations Categories 3 4 UTP 150 stations Multimode Fiber Optics 250 stations Single Mode Fiber Optics 250 stations The Token Ring limitations that ar...

Страница 21: ...imitations involved in the IEEE 802 5 standard and the various cable specifications that are more detailed and complex These limitations are covered in detail in the Cabletron Systems Cabling Guide and the Cabletron Systems Token Ring Technology Overview ...

Страница 22: ...Review of Networking 2 10 Token Ring ...

Страница 23: ...n of these products can greatly aid a Network Designer in determining where and to what extent to implement standalone and stackable devices in a new or existing network Standalones A standalone device is one which as the name implies stands alone in the network A standalone device does not rely on any other network device to operate nor does it provide for the operation of other devices itself Th...

Страница 24: ...orks grew in size the standalone devices began to offer greater control and expandability The design of multiport repeaters allowed one signal to be sent out several interfaces simultaneously and the standalone bridge offered the ability to localize network traffic for security and improved performance The other most common standalone device in early networks was the standalone bridge The standalo...

Страница 25: ...plexity The modular chassis allowed facility networks to support far greater numbers of users from a single location than was possible with standalone devices Limitations of Standalones In time the networking market broke into facilities that were small enough to use standalone networking devices and facilities that required the control and flexibility of the modular hub As this trend continued a ...

Страница 26: ... number of standalone devices In effect the stack fools the network into thinking that the users connected to the stack are in a single repeater or concentrator By placing stackables together in a collection called a stack the available options for user connections at individual workgroup locations grew dramatically Also the ability to simply add stackables to the stack in order to accommodate new...

Страница 27: ...onnect Cables The HubSTACK cables handle the communications between stackable devices including network traffic and management communications The use of these custom short cables allows the stack to act as a single repeater or concentrator In essence the cables and connectors used to chain the stackable hubs together mimic the operation of the backplane of a modular hub HubSTACK Interconnect Cable...

Страница 28: ...ervices for the rest of the devices in its stack over the same connection that is used for stackable to stackable communications The management traffic moves across the artificial backplane that is set up through the interconnect cables Internetworking for Stacks As stackable devices and stacks are easy to design and configure and often have a lower cost than modular networking chassis for these s...

Страница 29: ...ort a wide variety of networking technologies The available BRIMs and their configuration options are detailed in Chapter 4 PIMs and BRIMs By incorporating the BRIM technology into a number of standalone and stackable devices Cabletron Systems makes it easy to use stackable hubs and standalone switches as frontier devices for an enterprise network or as a small workgroup solution at any location T...

Страница 30: ...l transceivers at each location While not extremely expensive these external transceivers can become maintenance and design hurdles when troubleshooting or expanding the network Modules for modular chassis with support for a wider variety of networking media are more able to accommodate different existing and future needs The design of a modular chassis also allows for the segmentation and interco...

Страница 31: ...itch platform such as the Cabletron Systems MMAC Plus It is important that workgroup devices be able to support complexity so Cabletron Systems has designed support for different media segmentation and internetworking needs into several of its workgroup solutions devices Port Interface Modules In order to support a wider variety of networking needs Cabletron Systems incorporated specialized user c...

Страница 32: ... link Types of PIMs To provide connectivity options for the widest variety of networking needs and to increase the flexibility of Cabletron Systems networking devices there are several types of PIMs available These different PIMs are designated by a prefix and a suffix A table detailing all the currently released PIMs and the special characteristics of them may be found at the end of this section ...

Страница 33: ...d equipment The EPIMs that are available from Cabletron Systems and the types of cabling and connectors supported by each are listed below EPIM A AUI DB15 Female Connector EPIM C Coaxial Cable RG 58 Connector EPIM F1 Multimode Fiber Optics SMA Connectors EPIM F2 Multimode Fiber Optics ST Connectors EPIM F3 Single Mode Fiber Optics ST Connectors EPIM T Shielded or Unshielded Twisted Pair RJ45 Conne...

Страница 34: ...elded Twisted Pair DB9 Connector TPIM T2 Unshielded Twisted Pair RJ45 Connector TPIM T4 Shielded Twisted Pair RJ45 Connector FPIMs FPIM stands for FDDI Port Interface Module The FPIM is a single link for connection to a single cable in an FDDI network The operation of an FPIM what type of FDDI port it behaves as is determined by the FPIM slot it is inserted into The FPIMs available and their suppo...

Страница 35: ...pported by the available APIMs are listed below APIM 11 Multimode Fiber Optic TAXI connection APIM 21 Multimode Fiber Optic OC3c connection APIM 22 Single Mode Fiber Optic OC3c connection APIM 29 Unshielded Twisted Pair STS3c connection APIM 67 Thin Coaxial Cable DS3 connection WPIMs Wide Area Network Port Interface Modules or WPIMs act in much the same manner as APIMs Each WPIM is designed to pro...

Страница 36: ...ST EPIM F3 Ethernet Single Mode Fiber Optics ST EPIM T Ethernet UTP RJ45 EPIM X Ethernet AUI DB15 Female Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100TX Fast Ethernet UTP RJ45 Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100FX Fast Ethernet Multimode Fiber Optics SC Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100F3 Fast Ethernet Single Mode Fiber Optics SC Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100FMB Fast Ethernet Multimode Fiber Optics SC T...

Страница 37: ...iber Optics SC APIM 11 ATM TAXI Multimode Fiber Optics SC APIM 21 ATM OC3c Multimode Fiber Optics SC APIM 22 ATM OC3c Single Mode Fiber Optics SC APIM 29 ATM STS3c UTP RJ45 APIM 67 ATM DS3 Thin Coaxial RG58 WPIM DDS WAN 56K Custom RJ45 WPIM DI WAN Drop Insert Custom RJ45 WPIM E1 WAN E1 Custom RJ45 WPIM SY WAN Synchronous DTE Custom 26 pin RS530A WPIM T1 WAN T1 Custom RJ45 Table 4 1 PIM Reference T...

Страница 38: ...ilities are needed a BRIM can be added to any BRIM capable device This gradual upgrade path allows Network Designers to plan ahead for the incorporation of new technologies without having to pay for the connection until it is needed Types of BRIMs There are a number of different BRIMs available and each has different capabilities and characteristics The foremost of these characteristics are summar...

Страница 39: ... single BRIM F6 match for the sake of consistency and ease of cable and connector management BRIM A6 The BRIM A6 provides a single ATM uplink for the LAN device it is placed in The BRIM A6 supports a variety of media types and ATM speeds and implementations The operation and media characteristics of the ATM uplink provided by the BRIM A6 are dependent upon the type of APIM that is placed in the BR...

Страница 40: ... can be useful for the selection of a BRIM when designing a workgroup requiring a connection to a particular networking technology Table 4 2 BRIM Reference Table BRIM Technology Connector Type BRIM E6 Ethernet EPIM BRIM E100 Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet Interface Module BRIM F6 FDDI FPIM 2 BRIM A6 ATM APIM BRIM A6DP ATM APIM 2 BRIM W6 WAN WPIM ...

Страница 41: ...nfiguration is the process of putting hardware together to create a functioning network NOTES When designing a network installation or configuration draw the network At the very least make a rough sketch of each aspect of the network design process Seeing the various parts of your design will help you identify strengths and weaknesses and make it easier for you to achieve a grasp of the network as...

Страница 42: ...ty of enterprise networks are collections of workgroups that are connected to one another The various workgroups all have different needs and implementations and are tied together to form a cohesive and capable enterprise network A logical well thought out workgroup plan and a skillful execution of the creation of workgroups according to a firm set of criteria goes a long way toward ensuring that ...

Страница 43: ...on does not take function into account As the deciding criteria for this type of workgroup organization is location only geographical proximity is often the least efficient workgroup creation method in terms of performance reliability and troubleshooting Figure 5 1 Geographical Proximity Workgroups Having well defined rules of geographical proximity as the deciding factor in workgroup design does ...

Страница 44: ...tions Since most of the time business departments are involved with sharing information among other members of their department or a group of related departments Accounting Personnel and Payroll for example the division of the end user population into workgroups based on corporate function and separated by bridges switches or routers tends to improve network performance by keeping information pass...

Страница 45: ...nization troubleshooting and fault recovery can be difficult in a network of this kind As the end users are not necessarily located in the same area faults which affect the workgroup must be looked for in several locations An even trade off is made in reliability in networks organized in this fashion While the organization of the network into departmental workgroups increases the inherent complexi...

Страница 46: ...iving etc and one workgroup which encompassed only the Documentation personnel of each department who although working in different departments all require access to the same functions through the network Figure 5 3 Common Function Workgroups The creation of workgroups based on common function enhances the performance of those dedicated functions at a cost to the performance of the network as a wh...

Страница 47: ...ics Unfortunately it combines some of the worst features of the other methods of arranging workgroups as the cost of this level of control An example of priority organization is the common practice of connecting all the file servers for a particular facility to a high speed network access device in a single location regardless of the location of the workgroups needing access to them This practice ...

Страница 48: ...e network based on their relative importance the priority organization method makes little or no accommodation for the localization of network traffic which is the purpose of segmentation If a file server is located in a server farm workgroup segmented from the rest of the network every user needing access to any file server must cross a segmenting device such as a bridge or switch introducing acc...

Страница 49: ... is the job of the Network Manager or persons designing the network to determine which factors of the network design are the foremost requirements The most common determining factors in selecting a network technology are performance speed of operation reliability ease of configuration troubleshooting and cost Cost is a separate issue from price as cost is based on the inherent expenses of the tech...

Страница 50: ...s and the network will be much easier to see as a whole The network plan in the design stages of networking can point out areas that need additional work help you locate possible trouble spots and allow you to make the network more capable more reliable and more expandable than a haphazardly assembled collection of cables and hardware Logical Layout Component Location The actual locations of the n...

Страница 51: ... to remember when planning cabling installations is that attention to detail will pay off You may save a few hours at installation by not labeling your cables but those saved hours will be more than spent later when you are attempting to locate the cable connected to John Doe s workstation so that he can be moved to a different workgroup Design cable installations with the future in mind It is les...

Страница 52: ...vered by contingencies or their effects are minimized This aspect of network design is called fault aversion A fault averse network uses the capabilities of available hardware and the fault tolerance or recovery features of the technologies of the network to provide for three things the elimination of single points of failure the availability of redundancy and the quick and easy isolation of and r...

Страница 53: ...le point of failure but only from the point of view of the connection between segments as the segments themselves will continue to operate without the repeater The location and elimination of single points of failure is a very difficult step in network planning It is important to set realistic limits on the elimination of these single points of failure A network that completely eliminates single p...

Страница 54: ... fail often or be shut down on the dual ring where they will benefit from the automated recovery feature Network Maps and Record Keeping A large portion of the process of expanding an existing network or troubleshooting faults and problems is determining what the current state of that network is Keeping a running record of the status of the network its configuration and any changes made to that co...

Страница 55: ...tron Systems Ethernet bridge NBR 220 If in the future this device is upgraded the map can remain the same but the device code table or chart can be changed If for example the NBR 220 was upgraded to an Ethernet switch in a small chassis the chart entry for B882 could be changed to read Cabletron Systems ESXMIM 6 port Ethernet switch in MMAC M3FNB small modular chassis without requiring any changes...

Страница 56: ... makes up the workgroup in order to add special functions What actions will be taken if the facility expands or constructs another separate office All of these questions should be examined before selecting a single networking product The Workgroup in the Larger Network In most situations the workgroup is only a part of a larger enterprise network In these situations consideration must be given to ...

Страница 57: ... or hub to a small backbone network than to continue expanding workgroups that may be already quite congested In addition the backbone can provide a point from which a higher speed technology can be painted out to the rest of the network as needs dictate and as money becomes available Since the amount of communications passing between several workgroups or hubs in an entire facility or campus is o...

Страница 58: ...attached to a shared bus such as a thick coaxial cable Limited Expandability While it is possible to simply add stations to a thick Ethernet backbone the ring dependent technologies Token Ring and FDDI require that existing cable be cut and terminated or replaced with additional cable runs when new workgroup networks are added to the backbone Troubleshooting Complexity If a distributed backbone su...

Страница 59: ...tions provided by the collapsed backbone often outweighs the associated costs Connectivity Requirements The collapsed backbone implementation brings all cables of the backbone to a central point and the requirements of the Token Ring and FDDI technologies for an unbroken ring still apply Ease of Expandability Since the cables of the collapsed backbone originate from a patch panel in one location a...

Страница 60: ...ke the connections between workgroups greatly increases the control that Network Managers have over the network and may improve performance by streamlining the communications between networks Figure 5 7 Device Collapsed Backbone The device collapsed backbone is the most expensive backbone because of the added cost of sophisticated high performance hardware to the costs of a collapsed backbone cabl...

Страница 61: ... operation of each type of technology the strengths and shortcomings of those technologies and the special design considerations that each technology imposes on the network You may again wish to refer to the training information of this Networking Guide for initial instruction The selection of a backbone technology requires a careful examination of the needs of your facility and the ways that the ...

Страница 62: ...Network Design 5 22 The Workgroup in the Larger Network ...

Страница 63: ...oducts Once the proposed network has been broken into a number of workgroups it is necessary to begin designing the actual solutions for those workgroups and selecting hardware for use in them The information that follows details the procedures used to determine the Cabletron Systems networking hardware necessary for specific types of workgroup networks ...

Страница 64: ...etwork segment The available devices are listed in Table 6 1 below The columns in Table 6 1 indicate some of the most important data to be considered when selecting networking devices for a particular workgroup implementation The meanings of these fields and their various values are described below a These products can be managed through the addition of an intelligent stackable device to their sta...

Страница 65: ...ment support Cabletron Systems SNMP implementation which includes the functions of SNMP Management Information Base II MIB II and the Cabletron Proprietary MIB RMON capable devices include all SNMP functions and several of the nine standardized Remote MONitoring RMON groups Media The Media column of the table indicates the type of networking cable that is supported by the device The specifics of m...

Страница 66: ...Port Count Port Count indicates the number of fixed media ports there are on the device In a case where a device has zero ports it means that the device has no dedicated media ports and all connections are made through user configurable PIMs or BRIMs Switch Interfaces The Switch Interfaces column indicates how many separate and distinct switched connections the Ethernet device is capable of recogn...

Страница 67: ...h a small number of stations low data transfer needs and limited expected expansion requirements While most networks of this sort are located in homes or small family businesses the home office description can also apply to small minimal growth departments within a state of the art enterprise network Typically home offices have no need of the advanced capabilities that are available in the more ex...

Страница 68: ...primary selection criteria and one that quickly divides Ethernet networking devices into compliant and non compliant categories Manageable or intelligent devices while more costly than non intelligent devices allow the control of ports and connections through software and the monitoring of network traffic and statistics This port control and statistics monitoring can greatly ease the troubleshooti...

Страница 69: ... later in this chapter Expandability The importance of a smooth and simple path for adding users to the home office network is something that while usually not a driving factor in the decision making process should be considered Port Count Once a decision has been reached on how essential management capabilities are for the home office workgroup the Network Designer must ensure that the hardware s...

Страница 70: ... These specialized considerations are beyond the scope of this document but a large amount of information can be found in the Cabletron Systems Networking Solutions Product Guide Design Example The example which follows traces the selection process of a new Network Designer attempting to design a network for a single room home office shown in Figure 6 1 The network designer has determined the need...

Страница 71: ...evices the Network Designer removes those intelligent devices from the selection field The products removed from the field are not fully discarded from consideration however If the remaining non intelligent devices do not provide a suitable match to the other needs of the network the Network Designer can go back and examine these intelligent devices for their suitability Product Type Max Managemen...

Страница 72: ...r criteria prove that the remaining devices in the selection field do not measure up to the network s needs these can be reintroduced to the selection field The easiest decision in the process of home office network design is the comparison of required port count the number of stations that will be part of the network and the port count supplied by the devices in the selection field In the case of...

Страница 73: ...networks within a larger facility or to departmental workgroups that are connected through their native networking technology to other portions of the corporate or facility network The small office unlike the home office often requires some of the advanced capabilities available in Cabletron Systems networking devices Management and monitoring capabilities are frequently in the category of essenti...

Страница 74: ... devices The benefits of management come at a cost of higher final product prices and may not be fully recognized by extremely small or simplistic networks The small office level is truly the middle ground between situations where management is essential and those where it is often not necessary Media The type of media to be used in a small office network is an important consideration as most of t...

Страница 75: ...fficient port availability to cover the vast majority of small offices without requiring links to other stacks or devices Price As always the price factor must be considered in the network design process for small offices While there may be a temptation to always opt for the lowest priced device that meets the minimum requirements Network Designers must keep in mind that expandability manageabilit...

Страница 76: ... Figure 6 3 with most of the stations 21 located in the Business Office The Business Office also contains three server stations two for file storage and retrieval and one for printing The Loading Dock has ports for two stations one of which will be used initially and the Warehouse Floor has two stations for inventory tracking Figure 6 3 Small Office Initial Scenario The Network Designer examines t...

Страница 77: ... highest port count to the total station count of the proposed network the Network Designer notices that the SEHI 24 alone does not meet the total required number of stations 27 While it would be possible to purchase a second SEHI device to handle the remaining stations and provide a jumper cable to link the two devices together the Network Designer can link a stackable product the SEH 22 to the S...

Страница 78: ...ires a connection to a different networking technology in order to make a connection to a larger or physically separate network In the classical sense this refers to a branch office location that has a Wide Area Networking link to the parent company network The vast majority of remote offices are actually individual workgroups in a larger facility that are all connected to one another through a hi...

Страница 79: ...ion process can begin BRIM Selection As most remote office environments will deal with BRIM capable standalone or stackable devices the selection of the correct BRIM is an essential portion of the network design There are several BRIM models available for a number of different internetworking needs These BRIM types are listed in Table 4 2 found in Chapter 4 PIMs and BRIMs For fully up to date info...

Страница 80: ...be certain that the network that is being considered will work the Network Designer consults the table of BRIM interoperability and determines that the BRIM W6 will in fact work properly in the MicroMMAC 24E The new design requires the replacement of the SEHI 24 with a MicroMMAC 24E containing a BRIM W6 The stackable hub previously controlled by the SEHI 24 will remain and will be connected to the...

Страница 81: ...ring high throughput Since each Ethernet link is dedicated and will receive traffic from no other sources than the station and the switch if the network is within the allotted limitations the Ethernet link can operate in full duplex mode This method of operation allows a station or switch to transmit data on one portion of the Ethernet link while simultaneously receiving data on the other portion ...

Страница 82: ...seven bridges in the longest signal path Since this bridge rule can severely limit the magnitude of networks incorporating per port switching on a large scale the expansion of high end workgroups is often accomplished through the interconnection of several switches through a faster larger scale networking technology Interconnection As mentioned above many times the interconnection of switches for ...

Страница 83: ...effective way to provide more bandwidth to each end station is through per port switched Ethernet connections The CAD department consists of 16 CAD designers 2 CAD image file servers and 3 plotters all in a single facility The stations have existing 10BASE T links to the wiring closet The CAD department is currently linked to the rest of the company through an Ethernet connection to a bridge in th...

Страница 84: ...nificant benefit over those solutions the NBR 620 is removed from consideration This leaves the selection field with the ESX 1320 and ESX 1380 two Ethernet switches that support RMON management one BRIM connection and 12 switch interfaces The port count requirements are not met by either device alone however The Network Designer refers back to the full selection field looking for a device that wil...

Страница 85: ...art the Network Designer finds that the BRIM F6 is the BRIM that is needed This FDDI BRIM requires two FDDI Port Interface Modules or FPIMs Matching the media type of the corporate backbone to the media types of the FPIMs the Network Designer selects four FPIM 00 modules two for each BRIM The resulting network when installed will resemble that shown in Figure 6 8 below Figure 6 8 Ethernet High End...

Страница 86: ...s There are four classrooms and two labs to be connected to the backbone and there is expected to be growth in the number of Ethernet workgroups at the college in the future The connections from the classrooms to the switch which will be located in one of the labs will have to be made through an aerial cable between buildings Since conductive cable run between buildings is a lightning hazard multi...

Страница 87: ...es a series of examples for different Fast Ethernet network approaches Fast Ethernet Workgroup Devices The following sections present and describe the various Cabletron Systems workgroup networking devices that may be used to implement a Fast Ethernet networking solution Shared Devices The selection field of Fast Ethernet networking devices is much narrower than that available for Ethernet workgro...

Страница 88: ...n that is supplied by Table 6 2 for Ethernet switching devices a These products can be managed through the addition of an intelligent stackable device to their stack Table 7 1 Shared Fast Ethernet Workgroup Devices Product Type Max Management Media Port Count PIMs BRIMs SEH100TX 22 stackable NONEa UTP 22 1 EPIM SEHI100TX 22 stack base SNMP UTP 22 2 EPIMs Table 7 2 Fast Ethernet Workgroup Switches ...

Страница 89: ... proposed workgroup as a template for design Small Offices The term small office as it applies to Fast Ethernet installations using Cabletron Systems workgroup devices can be misleading This workgroup archetype simply refers to the workgroup as a single segment with no special internetworking needs no uplinks to different WAN or backbone technologies The small office in the case of the design stra...

Страница 90: ...to be used If the EPIM slots are all used the Fast Ethernet stack will reach its limitation of 119 users Any Fast Ethernet workgroup containing more than 119 stations will require the creation of another workgroup to support the full user count Design Example A travel agency sales department is looking to replace its current Ethernet network with a Fast Ethernet network in order to gain higher thr...

Страница 91: ...the network Examining the selection filed the Network Designer selects the SEHI100TX 22 which provides SNMP management functions As the SEHI100TX 22 is a stack base any non intelligent SEH100TX 22 hubs that are connected to the SEHI100TX 22 with HubSTACK Interconnect Cables will also become a manageable device As it has already been established that the proposed network plans to add not less than ...

Страница 92: ...tations of Fast Ethernet the design approach and decisions required of high end departments using the Fast Ethernet technology do not differ much from those used for normal Ethernet designs In the same fashion the definition of a Fast Ethernet high end department is identical to that of a standard Ethernet high end department The high end department is a workgroup that has a number of closely asso...

Страница 93: ...et switches are not as easily expanded to accommodate new connections as stackable hubs are it may be wise when designing a Fast Ethernet workgroup to provide extra connections This kind of forethought can save the cost of purchasing another standalone device to provide network access to just one more station in the future Design Example As an example of a high end department implementing a Fast E...

Страница 94: ...se a compliant device for this network implementation the Network Designer examines the Cabletron Systems Networking Solutions Product Guide to determine the fitness of the FN100 16TX for this particular situation Examining the Cabletron Systems Networking Solutions Product Guide the Network Designer discovers that the FN100 16TX which had been selected provides two 100BASE FX connections that may...

Страница 95: ...ast Ethernet switch but the connections in the backbone solution are made to workgroups rather than individual stations Design Example As an example of the methods used to design a switched Fast Ethernet backbone network let us examine the design process of a Network Designer at a small magazine publishing house who intended to replace the existing Ethernet backbone shared thick coaxial cable in t...

Страница 96: ...lures or performance losses are exceedingly difficult to troubleshoot Access to the three shared file servers Archive1 Archive2 and StockPhoto is required by all departments and users have been complaining about the length of time necessary to place and retrieve files using these servers The Network Designer has already examined the distances involved in the facility and has determined that the Fa...

Страница 97: ...d Server Optimizations These switched station connections will provide full Fast Ethernet speed connections to each of the fileservers While this will introduce a switch into the path from any station to any server this will offer better throughput from a network wide point of view than leaving the servers on their current shared segments As no end user station can access the network at a speed gr...

Страница 98: ... BRIM The Network Designer examines the available BRIMs that can be placed in the MicroMMAC 24Es The BRIM E100 when configured with the proper Fast Ethernet Interface Modules will provide a Fast Ethernet uplink to the MicroMMAC 24Es In order to support multimode fiber optic cabling each of the six BRIM E100s will be configured with two Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100FXs providing 100BASE FX con...

Страница 99: ...nner than the other technologies treated in this document Token Ring Workgroup Devices The following sections present and describe the various Cabletron Systems workgroup networking devices that may be used to implement a Token Ring networking solution Shared Devices The vast majority of Token Ring networking devices available from Cabletron Systems are differing types of concentrators The distinc...

Страница 100: ...Ms field a These products can be managed through the addition of an intelligent stackable device to their stack Table 8 1 Token Ring Workgroup Devices Product Type Max Management Media Port Count PIMs BRIMs STH 22 24 stackable NONEa UTP 12 24 2 TPIM STH 42 44 stackable NONEa STP 12 24 2 TPIM STHI 22 24 stack base SNMP UTP 12 24 2 TPIM STHI 42 44 stack base SNMP STP 12 24 2 TPIM MicroMMAC 22T 24T s...

Страница 101: ...sign Process The procedures and decisions involved in designing a Token Ring network are quite straightforward and simple Once it has been established that all the station cabling is within the allotted distances and the station count does not exceed the Token Ring maximums the remainder of the design process is a simple provision of management functionality sufficient ports and support for any sp...

Страница 102: ...aps the easiest and most straightforward portion of the Token Ring network design process As all of the Cabletron Systems standalone Token Ring networking products are also stackable devices any time a particular location requires more ports than can be supplied by one device an STH stackable Token Ring hub can be placed atop it This new device will provide the same management capabilities as the ...

Страница 103: ... and has decided that a single 16Mbps Token Ring network will offer the necessary performance and reliability to this network The cabling to be used will be Category 5 UTP cable and all the cable runs have been determined to be within the limitations of the Token Ring networking technology The HMO network will consist of 45 stations 15 office receptionists 12 doctors offices 3 pharmacy stations 3 ...

Страница 104: ...HI 24 and four TPIMs of a matching media type and connect the two devices through the RI RO ports This solution while ideal in situations where users are widely dispersed or located in separate facilities forces the Network Designer to purchase another intelligent device and pay for the management capabilities twice In this example the use of the STHI 24 s stackable hub capabilities will provide a...

Страница 105: ...2 or 24 ports of station connectivity The addition of an STH 24 to the STHI 24 already in the design would supply 48 ports of Token Ring station connectivity and four RI RO ports for future links if required The STHI 24 could also support the addition of up to three more STH devices accommodating up to 72 additional station connections The network as configured would look like Figure 8 1 Figure 8 ...

Страница 106: ...Token Ring 8 8 Token Ring Workgroup Design ...

Страница 107: ...ernet Workgroup Devices Product Type Max Management Media Port Count PIMs BRIMs MR9T E repeater NONE UTP 8 1 EPIM SEH 22 32 stackable NONEa UTP 12 1 EPIM SEH 24 34 stackable NONEa UTP 24 2 EPIMs SEH 22FL stackable NONEa Multimode Fiber Optics 12 1 EPIM SEHI 22 32 stack base SNMP UTP 12 1 EPIM SEHI 24 34 stack base SNMP UTP 24 2 EPIMs SEHI 22FL stack base SNMP Multimode Fiber Optics 12 1 EPIM Micro...

Страница 108: ...ia Port Count Switch Interfaces PIMs BRIMs NBR 220 SNMP 0 2 2 EPIMs NBR 420 SNMP 0 4 4 EPIMs NBR 620 SNMP 0 6 4 EPIMs 2 BRIMs FN10 SNMP UTP 12 24 12 24 0 ESX 1320 RMON UTP 12 13 1 BRIM ESX 1380 RMON Multimode Fiber Optics 12 13 1 BRIM Table A 3 Shared Fast Ethernet Workgroup Devices Product Type Max Management Media Port Count PIMs BRIMs SEH100TX 22 stackable NONEa UTP 22 1 EPIM SEHI100TX 22 stack...

Страница 109: ... 0 FN100 16TX SNMP UTP 16 16 0 FN100 8FX SNMP Multimode Fiber Optics 8 8 0 FN100 16FX SNMP Multimode Fiber Optics 16 16 0 Table A 5 Token Ring Workgroup Devices Product Type Max Management Media Port Count PIMs BRIMs STH 22 24 stackable NONEa UTP 12 24 2 TPIM STH 42 44 stackable NONEa STP 12 24 2 TPIM STHI 22 24 stack base SNMP UTP 12 24 2 TPIM STHI 42 44 stack base SNMP STP 12 24 2 TPIM MicroMMAC...

Страница 110: ...M T Ethernet UTP RJ45 EPIM X Ethernet AUI DB15 Female Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100TX Fast Ethernet UTP RJ45 Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100FX Fast Ethernet Multimode Fiber Optics SC Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100F3 Fast Ethernet Single Mode Fiber Optics SC Fast Ethernet Interface Module 100FMB Fast Ethernet Multimode Fiber Optics SC TPIM F2 Token Ring Multimode Fiber Optics ST TPIM F3...

Страница 111: ... Fiber Optics SC APIM 11 ATM TAXI Multimode Fiber Optics SC APIM 21 ATM OC3c Multimode Fiber Optics SC APIM 22 ATM OC3c Single Mode Fiber Optics SC APIM 29 ATM STS3c UTP RJ45 APIM 67 ATM DS3 Thin Coaxial RG58 WPIM DDS WAN 56K Custom RJ45 WPIM DI WAN Drop Insert Custom RJ45 WPIM E1 WAN E1 Custom RJ45 WPIM SY WAN Synchronous DTE Custom 26 pin RS530A WPIM T1 WAN T1 Custom RJ45 Table A 6 PIM Reference...

Страница 112: ...onnector Type BRIM E6 Ethernet EPIM BRIM E100 Fast Ethernet EPIM BRIM F6 FDDI FPIM 2 BRIM A6 ATM APIM BRIM A6DP ATM APIM 2 BRIM W6 WAN WPIM Table A 8 BRIM Interoperability Table BRIMa MicroMMAC 22 24 32 34E NBR 620 BRIM 1 NBR 620 BRIM 2 ESX 1320 1380 BRIM E6 YES YES NO NO BRIM E100 NO NO NO YES BRIM F6 YES YES NO YES BRIM A6 YES NO NO NO BRIM A6DP NO NO NO YES BRIM W6 YES NO NO NO ...

Страница 113: ...s Table A 9 Ethernet Standard Distance Limitations Media Max Distance Thick Coax 500 m Thin Coax 185 m Standard AUI 50 m Office AUI 16 5 m UTP 100 m Fiber Optics Multimode 1000 m Fiber Optics Single Mode 1000 m Table A 10 Ethernet General Rules Max Stations 1 024 Max Repeater Hops Path 4 Max Bridges Path 7 Topologies Bus Star Tree Hybrid ...

Страница 114: ...st Ethernet 100BASE TX FX Distance Limitations Media Max Distance UTP 100 m Fiber Optics Multimode 412 m Table A 12 Fast Ethernet Maximum Network Radii Repeater Class UTP UTP Fiber Optics Fiber Optics UTP Buffered Uplink Fiber Optics andBuffered Uplink Class I 200 m 260 m 272 m 500 m 800 m Class II 200 m N A 320 m N A N A ...

Страница 115: ...y Cable Type Max of Stations Max Lobe Length 4 Mbps 16 Mbps 4 Mbps 16 Mbps STP active IBM Types 1 2 250 250 300 m 150 m IBM Types 6 9a 250 136 200 m 100 m passive IBM Types 1 2 250 250 200 m 100 m IBM Type 9 250 136 133 m 66 m UTP active Category 5 150 150 250 m 120 m Categories 3 4 150 150 200 m 100 m passive Category 5 100 100 130 m 85 m Categories 3 4 100 100 100 m 60 m Fiber Optics active Mult...

Страница 116: ...s Media Max Distance 4 Mbps Max Distance 16 Mbps Shielded Twisted Pair 770 m 346 m Unshielded Twisted Pair Category 3 4 200 m 100 m Category 5 250 m 120 m Fiber Optics Multimode 2000 m 2000 m Fiber Optics Single Mode 2000 m 2000 m Table A 15 Token Ring General Rules Max Stations Ring 260 Max Bridges 7 Topologies Logical Ring Physical Star ...

Страница 117: ...e 1 STP cabling only Table A 16 FDDI Distance Limitations Media PMD Standard Max Link Distance Fiber Optics Multimode MMF PMD 2 km Fiber Optics Single Mode SMF PMD 60 km Unshielded Twisted Paira TP PMD 100 m Shielded Twisted Pairb 100 m Table A 17 FDDI General Rules Max Stations Ring 500 Max Total Ring Length 100 km Topologies Logical Ring Tree ...

Страница 118: ...Charts and Tables A 12 Networking Standards and Limitations ...

Страница 119: ...erns the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet thin coaxial cable 10BASE5 IEEE standard which governs the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet thick coaxial cable 10BASE FL IEEE standard which governs the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet fiber optic cable Supersedes previous FOIRL standard 10BASE T IEEE standard which governs the operation of devices connecting to Ethernet ...

Страница 120: ...traffic to be passed between the separate networks when necessary Bridges read in packets and decide to either retransmit them or block them based on the destination to which the packets are addressed BRIM Bridge Router Interface Module BRIMs are added to BRIM capable Cabletron Systems equipment to provide connections to external networks through an integrated bridge or router Broadcast A type of ...

Страница 121: ...ecting signals on another strand or set of strands CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMA CD is the basis for the operation of Ethernet networks CSMA CD is the method by which stations monitor the network determine when to transmit data and what to do if they sense a collision or other error during that transmission Data Information typically in the form of a series of...

Страница 122: ... M ports of two separate dual attached concentrator devices providing fault tolerance EEPROM Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Encryption A security process which encodes raw data into a form that cannot be utilized or read without decryption EPIM Ethernet Port Interface Module EPIMs are added to specifically designed slots in Cabletron Systems Ethernet products to provide connecti...

Страница 123: ... an FNB configured chassis to support multiple network technologies simultaneously Frame A group of bits that form a discrete block of information Frames contain network control information or data The size and composition of a frame is determined by the network protocol being used Frames are typically generated by operations at the Data Link Layer Layer 2 of the OSI Model Gateway A device which c...

Страница 124: ...es is controlled by the IANA ISO International Organization for Standardization The ISO has developed a standard model on which network operation is based called the OSI Model Jitter Degradation of network signals due to a loss of synchronization of the electrical signals Jitter is often a result of passing a signal through too many repeaters LAN Local Area Network LANVIEW A system which relates d...

Страница 125: ... the purposes of creating a network or networks Module A discrete device which is placed in a modular chassis to provide functionality which may include but is not limited to bridging routing connectivity and repeating Modules are easily installed and removed Also any device designed to be placed in another device in order to operate Multichannel A Cabletron Systems Ethernet design which provides ...

Страница 126: ...odel and are encapsulated in frames before being transmitted onto a network media Passive Not utilizing per port reclocking and regeneration of the signal which is propagated throughout the device Commonly applied to Token Ring equipment to distinguish it from active devices Phantom Current A weak voltage passed by Token Ring end nodes to the MAU to open the relay for that port Plenum A cabling te...

Страница 127: ...edia Interface Module A term used to indicate a family of Cabletron Systems Ethernet Media Interface Modules See MIM which are capable of performing their own repeater functions Router A router is a device which connects two or more different network segments but allows information to flow between them when necessary The router unlike a bridge examines the data contained in every packet it receive...

Страница 128: ...idges to selectively activate some ports while others remain in a standby condition avoiding the data loops and providing redundant paths in the event of bridge failures SQE Signal Quality Error A self monitoring test performed by some Ethernet equipment which examines the status of the device at arbitrary and predefined intervals ST Straight Tip A modular connector and port system used with both ...

Страница 129: ...and pass the token along to the next station in the network Token Ring A network technology which requires that stations only transmit data when they have been given permission by the reception of a Token and dictates that stations will receive information at pre determined intervals and in a definite series Topology The physical organization of stations and devices into a network TP PMD Twisted P...

Страница 130: ...UTP to UTP Glossary 12 ...

Страница 131: ... 5 18 Document conventions 1 3 Document organization 1 2 E EPIM 4 3 Ethernet 2 2 6 1 cable lengths 2 2 high end department 6 19 home office 6 5 remote office 6 16 shared devices 6 2 signal path 2 3 small office 6 11 station count 2 3 switched devices 6 4 Expansion of networks 5 15 F Fast Ethernet 2 3 7 1 100BASE FX 2 3 100BASE TX 2 3 buffered uplink 2 4 cable length 2 4 high end department 7 6 net...

Страница 132: ...te office 6 16 Repeater 3 2 Ring In Ring Out 2 6 S Segmentation 5 2 Small office 6 11 7 3 8 3 Stackable 3 4 interconnect cable 3 5 internetworking 3 7 management 3 6 Standalone 3 1 management 3 3 T Technical Support 1 3 Technology selection 5 9 Token Ring 2 5 8 1 active circuitry 2 6 link lengths 2 7 Ring In Ring Out 2 6 shared devices 8 1 small office 8 3 station count 2 8 TPIM 4 4 U Using this G...

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