Public Land Survey (Figure 9)
17
BRUNTON
Public Land Survey
Public Land Survey
is a set of Range and
Township lines which form a grid with solid and
dashed red lines for projected survey. If they are
not printed on the map, they cannot be drawn in.
Public land survey is
not GPS compatible.
Brass
bench marks throughout the country can be found
in the field identifying the section, township and
range in which each bench mark lies.
Sections are numbered 1 through 36 within a giv-
en Township and are grided with red lines. Sec-
tions are theoretically 1 mile square and can be
measured to 2.5 acres using the 1/16 mile incre-
ments. Location is an area, not a point. This is
expressed in sub-quarters, i.e. SE1/4 of NE1/4 of
section 18 Range 116 W, Township 41N (figure
9). Used primarily by US Forest Service.
Slope
Slope
in degrees is the angle of inclination. This
tool is primarily for maps using 40-foot contour
intervals (figure 8). The contour intervals (40 ft.)
are marked with light brown lines and the index
contours (200 ft.) with dark brown lines.
Align tool along the implied fall line, perpendicu-
lar to the contour lines (figure 9). Slide tool until 2
equal ticks most closely match 2 index (dark
brown) contour lines on the map. Read slope
angle in degrees (30
°,
Figure 9).
For 20-foot contour intervals, span 4 index con-
tours with 2 equal ticks. For 80-foot contour
intervals, span only 1 index with 2 ticks.
Slope Angle - Approximately 30
o
(Figure 9)
QUAD
TOOL
Brunton, has a complete line of quality outdoor
products which will suit the beginner and the pro-
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Call, e-maill or mail us at Brunton, 620 East Mon-
roe Avenue, Riverton, WY 82501 for a catalog of
our complete line of outdoor products.
Additional
BRUNTON
Product
Contour Interval (Figure 8)
109
o
07’30”
05’
Longitude Measurement (Figure 4)
UTM
Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM)
is a 1,000 meter by 1,000 meter square, coordi-
nate system, and is measured from the Equator
(0° latitude) and a zone meridian located in the
center of each zone. UTM divides the Earth into
60 zones, so it is important to identify and docu-
ment the zone number and map datum from the
map, for GPS receiver use (Figure 5).
Map datums were created because the Earth is
not a perfect sphere and corrections for mapping
are needed. When using a map with no map
datum identified use World Geodetic System
1984 (WGS-84).
UTM is marked on a USGS topographic map
with blue ticks (Figure 5) and is labeled using an
easting (always increases right) and a northing
(always increases up). Full UTM labels
(
47
22
000m
N) are in the lower right-hand and upper
left-hand corners of the map, with other UTM
labels abbreviated (
47
31).
Map Datum and UTM Zone (Figure 5)
UTM Tick Marks (Figure 6)
UTM -
Outside light
blue ticks
margin
47
31
47
30
UTM Positioning
1. Document zone number and map datum
.
· zone 12 &
1927 North American Datum
(
NAD-27us
) (Figure 5)
2. Mark position with an “
X
”.
3. Identify blue UTM ticks and labels around
map’s margin and draw lines connecting equal
value UTM ticks to form a 1,000 meter square
around the “
X
” (Figure 7).
1’01”
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8099 Eclipse
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Multi-Navigator
MNS
UTM Measurement - (Figure 7)
47
22
000m
N
6
63
000m
N
47
23
6
62
4. Place “0” of the UTM scale at the “
X
”.
·
Keep UTM scale parallel to the grid lines.
5. Identify the value on the scale at the left side
of the square,
600 m
(Figure 7).
6. Add 600 meter to the value on the scale at the
left side of the square,
6
62
000m
.
·
600 mE +
6
62
000m
E =
6
62
600m
E
7. Identify the value on the scale at the bottom of
the square,
540 m
(Figure 7).
8. Add 540 m to the value of the bottom of the
square,
47
22
000m
.
·
540 mN +
47
22
000m
N =
47
22
540m
N
Final UTM coordinate is:
6
62
600m
E
47
22
540m
N zone 12 NAD-27
us
Set GPS to
NAD-27us
map datum before enter-
ing coordinate. An advantage of using UTM is
that it is possible to visually approximate a posi-
tion with 100 meter accuracy or better.
GPS, compass, barometric pressure & altimeter
Compass & Inclinometer
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