What do I need to adjust apart from geometry and how does it work?
The following adjustments are important to achieve the best possible sonic result with your
ƚŽŶĞĂƌŵͬĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂĚũƵƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ
ƚŚĞƐĞǀĂƌLJďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŽŶĞĂƌŵƐĨƌŽŵĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚďƌĂŶĚƐ͘
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VTA
;sĞƌƟĐĂůdƌĂĐŬŝŶŐŶŐůĞͿĂŶĚ
SRA
;^ƚLJůƵƐZĂŬĞŶŐůĞͿĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂůĂŶŐůĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐ
ŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽŽǀĞ͕ůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ͘/ĚĞĂůůLJƚŚŝƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞϵϬΣƚŽϵϯΣ͘ŐŽŽĚǁĂLJ
ƚŽƐƚĂƌƚŝƐƚŽƐĞƚƚŚĞƚŽŶĞĂƌŵƚƵďĞƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚŚĞƉůĂƩĞƌǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞŝƐŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽŽǀĞ͘ƐŵĂůů
ƐƉŝƌŝƚůĞǀĞůŽƌĂƌƵůĞƌĐĂŶŚĞůƉƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚŝƐ͘ƐƐƵŵŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐĂŶĚĐĂŶƟůĞǀĞƌĂƌĞŵŽƵŶƚĞĚ
ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚůLJŝŶƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ͕ƚŚŝƐƐŚŽƵůĚŐĞƚLJŽƵĐůŽƐĞƚŽƚŚĞŝĚĞĂůĂŶŐůĞ͘&ŝŶĞƌĂĚũƵƐƚŵĞŶƚƐĐĂŶďĞĚŽŶĞ
ďLJĞĂƌŽƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚĞůƉŽĨĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƚŚĂƚŵĂŐŶŝĮĞƐƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐ͘
-The
Azimuth
ŝƐƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂůĂŶŐůĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐŝŶƚŚĞŐƌŽŽǀĞ͕ǀŝĞǁĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ͘
njŝŵƵƚŚĂĚũƵƐƚŵĞŶƚĞŶƐƵƌĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞƚƌĂĐŬƐďŽƚŚƐŝĚĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŐƌŽŽǀĞĞǀĞŶůLJ͘dŚĞďĞƐƚǁĂLJ
ƚŽƐĞĞƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚďĞƚŽůŽǁĞƌƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞŽŶĂŵŝƌƌŽƌĂŶĚůŽŽŬĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚŝĨƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐĂŶĚŝƚƐ
ŵŝƌƌŽƌŝŵĂŐĞĂƌĞŝŶŽŶĞůŝŶĞ͘ŶŽƚŚĞƌƉŽƉƵůĂƌǁĂLJƚŽĐŚĞĐŬƚŚĞnjŝŵƵƚŚŝƐƚŚĞ&ŽnjŐŽŵĞƚĞƌ͘/ƚ͛ƐƵƐĞĚ
ǁŝƚŚĂƚĞƐƚ>WƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƐŝŐŶĂůŽŶŽŶůLJŽŶĞĐŚĂŶŶĞůĂƚĂƟŵĞ͘/ĨŝƚŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐĐƌŽƐƐͲƚĂůŬ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĚĞƐĐŝďĞƐ
ƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽŶĞĐŚĂŶŶĞůƚŚĂƚďůĞĞĚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌĐŚĂŶŶĞů͘dŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚďĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĂďůĞďLJ
ƌŽƚĂƟŶŐƚŚĞƚŽŶĞĂƌŵƐŝĚĞǁĂLJƐ;njŝŵƵƚŚĂĚũƵƐƚŵĞŶƚͿ͘ƌŽƐƐͲƚĂůŬĐĂŶĂůƐŽƌĞƐƵůƚĨƌŽŵŝŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĂůŝŐŶ
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ŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞǀŽŝĐĞĐŽŝůĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚLJůƵƐ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ƉŽŽƌĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJĐŽŶƚƌŽůͿ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞƚŚĞ
njŝŵƵƚŚĐŽƌƌĞĐƟŽŶŵŝŐŚƚŶŽƚďĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůLJƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘
-The
Tracking Force
ŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ͘
ŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞƐŚĂǀĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶŐĞŶĞƌĂů͕ƚŚĞƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞŚŝŐŚ
enough to prevent the cartridge from jumping out of the groove during heavy and sudden modula-
ƟŽŶ͘ĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞƐǁŝƚŚĂƐƟīĞƌ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘>ŽǁŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞͿƐƵƐƉĞŶƐŝŽŶŶĞĞĚŵŽƌĞƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ
ŐƌŽŽǀĞͲũƵŵƉŝŶŐ͘ŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJƟŵĞƐŽĨ>WƉůĂLJďĂĐŬ͕ŵŽƐƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ
ĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌƐ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚ Ă ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐ ĨŽƌĐĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞůLJ Ϯ ŐƌĂŵƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ Ă ŚĞĂǀLJ
ƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞĐĂŶĚĂŵĂŐĞƚŚĞŐƌŽŽǀĞƐĂŶĚĂůƐŽƐŽƵŶĚƐ͞ŚĞĂǀŝĞƌ͕͟ƐůŽǁĞƌĂŶĚůĞƐƐĚLJŶĂŵŝĐƚŚĂŶĂ
ůŝŐŚƚĞƌƚƌĂĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞ͘
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ŶƟƐŬĂƟŶŐ
is an adjustment that should counteract the tendency of pivoted tonearms to move
ŝŶǁĂƌĚ͘ dŚĞ ŽīƐĞƚ ĂŶŐůĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂĚƐŚĞůů ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐ Ă ƉƵůů ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŶĞƌ ŐƌŽŽǀĞ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ ĐĂůůĞĚ
ƐŬĂƟŶŐĨŽƌĐĞ͘tŝƚŚŽƵƚĐŽƌƌĞĐƟŽŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚŵŽƐƚůLJƚƌĂĐŬƚŚĞŝŶŶĞƌŐƌŽŽǀĞĂŶĚƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶĚŝƐƚŽƌƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚĂŽŶĞͲƐŝĚĞĚƐŽƵŶĚƐƚĂŐĞ͘DŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶŶƟƐŬĂƟŶŐǁŽƌŬƐǁŝƚŚĂǁĞŝŐŚƚŽƌǁŝƚŚŵĂŐŶĞƚƐƚŚĂƚ
ƉƵůůƚŚĞƚŽŶĞĂƌŵďĂĐŬƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞŽƵƚĞƌŐƌŽŽǀĞƐ͘ŶƟƐŬĂƟŶŐŝƐĚŝĸĐƵůƚƚŽĂĚũƵƐƚĐŽƌƌĞĐƚůLJďĞĐĂƵƐĞ
ŝƚ͛ƐĂĚLJŶĂŵŝĐĨŽƌĐĞĂŶĚŝƐĚŝīĞƌƐǁŝƚŚůŝŐŚƚůLJŽƌŚĞĂǀŝůLJŵŽĚƵůĂƚĞĚŐƌŽŽǀĞƐŽƌĂƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀŽůƵŵĞ
ůĞǀĞůƐ͘ KŶĞ ǁĂLJ ƚŽ ŐĞƚ ĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂů ǀĂůƵĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƚŽ ůĞƚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƌƚƌŝĚŐĞ ƚƌĂĐŬ Ă >W ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ŐƌŽŽǀĞƐĂŶĚĂĚũƵƐƚƚŽƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƚŽŶĞĂƌŵƐƚŽƉƐŵŽǀŝŶŐŝŶǁĂƌĚ͘ŶŽƚŚĞƌŵĞƚŚŽĚŝƐƚŽƵƐĞ
ĂƚĞƐƚƚŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŐĞƚƐůŽƵĚĞƌ͘
ϯϵ
