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15. Relation between Brix percent and Refractive Index (nD)

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Relation between Brix percent and Refractive Index (nD)

㸫

Relation between Brix percent and Refractive Index (nD) is shown in the following table for

reference.

Refractive Index values for Brix 0 to 85% in the above table have been officially determined

by ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis held in

1974).

Further, Refractive Index for Brix 85 to 95% in the above table have been used in the scale

of ATAGO Abbe Refractometers for many years, and the values approximately correspond

to the Refractive Index values for Brix 85 to 95% in the reference table which ICUMSA

announced in 1994.

Note:

1.33299

1.33442

1.33586

1.33732

1.33879

1.34026

1.34175

1.34325

1.34477

1.34629

1.34782

1.34937

1.35093

1.35250

1.35408

1.35568

1.35729

1.35891

1.36054

1.36218

1.36384

1.36551

1.36720

1.36889

1.37060

1.37233

1.37406

1.37582

1.37758

1.37936

1.38115

1.38296

1.38478

1.38661

1.38846

1.39032

1.39220

1.39409

1.39600

1.39792

1.39986

1.40181

1.40378

1.40576

1.40776

1.40978

1.41181

1.41385

1.41592

1.41799

1.42009

1.42220

1.42432

1.42647

1.42863

1.43080

1.43299

1.43520

1.43743

1.43967

1.44193

1.44420

1.44650

1.44881

1.45113

1.45348

1.45584

1.45822

1.46061

1.46303

1.46546

1.46790

1.47037

1.47285

1.47535

1.47787

1.48040

1.48295

1.48552

1.48811

1.49071

1.49333

1.49597

1.49862

1.50129

1.50398

1.5067

1.5094

1.5122

1.5149

1.5177

1.5205

1.5234

1.5262

1.5291

1.5320

20
D

Содержание NAR-2T

Страница 1: ...Abbe Refractometer Instruction Manual Cat No 1220 1220 E28 PRODUCT REGISTRATION WARRANTY CARD https www atago net registration english registration php ...

Страница 2: ...2 13 14 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 Main unit of NAR 2T 10 2 Digital thermometer 12 3 How to use Illuminator Selector Switch 12 Measurement of liquid sample 23 8 1 When measuring colored or cloudy sample 35 2 Discoloration or Burning of the main Prism 35 3 Measurement method of pasty sample 35 4 For measuring liquid sample containing insoluble solids 36 Measurement of solid sample 9 1 Calibration with distill...

Страница 3: ...nstruction manual carefully and understand how to use it After reading this manual keep it on hand for future reference In this manual For safe use describes the important items necessary for safety Read it carefully This operation manual describes the items which you are required to observe in order to use the NAR 2T safely to prevent injury to you and other people and damage to your property The...

Страница 4: ... an inspection Do not attempt to repair modify or disassemble the instrument yourself Improper servicing may result in fire electrical shock or burns If the instrument is dropped or is subjected to a strong shock have it inspected by an ATAGO distributor Fire or malfunction may result if the instrument is used Do not apply water or sample over any part other than the surface of the prism Applicati...

Страница 5: ...ower switch after use ە When transporting the instrument place it in its original box Carefully read this instruction manual and fully understand the function and operation of each part of the instrument before use Check that each part of the instrument operates normally before use Check the necessary operations such as calibration according to the instruction manual The manufacturer shall not be ...

Страница 6: ... use the power cable if damaged or broken If used fire electrical shock or burns may result For a new power cable contact your ATAGO distributor ە Do not insert or disconnect the power plug with wet hands ە Be sure to hold and pull the plug when disconnecting the power cable from the outlet If the cable is pulled improperly the plug may be broken and may result in fire or electrical shock 1 Precau...

Страница 7: ...his refractometer is limited to 120Υ and the flow rate of the circulating constant temperature bath should be 10 L min at maximum through a nozzle of 6mm caliber Too much discharge not only increases water pressure but also may cause disconnection between the nozzle and tube or may overload the water channel inside the refractometer ە If the tube is damaged replace it with new one as immediately a...

Страница 8: ...ble ە Use the instrument where the temperature is between 5 to 40䉝 ە Do not leave the instrument in a location exposed to direct sunlight or near a heating unit where the temperature may rise ە Do not change the environmental temperature of the instrument suddenly ە Do not place the instrument in a place where it may be subject to strong vibrations ە Do not use the instrument where there is much d...

Страница 9: ...Refractive Index of water nD 1 33299 Brix 0 0 Brix means the scale of the weight of sucrose grams of sucrose contained in 100 grams of sucrose solution Thus if a sucrose solution is measured it matches this concentration However almost all foods contain not only sugar but also a variety of dissolved components such as salt and protein The total concentration of these water soluble materials is cal...

Страница 10: ... contents so that the following articles have been contained in the package without lack a b c d Connect this refractometer to a mains outlet of AC100 to 240V 50 60 Hz Set this refractometer in a place where it can be operated at an ambient temperature from 5 to 40 Since this refractometer has extremely precise component parts inside set it in an optimum place where it is free from direct rays of ...

Страница 11: ...m functions to illuminate the sample uniformly its surface to contact the sample is frosted to diffuse the light uniformly The standard clearance between the main and secondary prisms is 0 2mm e Secondary prism 10 The main prism is the most important component for measurement Pay careful attention to it neither to get it damaged nor to get it corroded A sample is set on the main prism for measurem...

Страница 12: ...f the refractometer are shown on this label o Rating label Fig 4 3 4 Names and Functions of main parts The thermo sensor that is screwed in the main prism from the side always measures the temperature of the main prism g Thermo sensor This lamp illuminates the scale field With lighting of this lamp the black scale and indication line engraved on the glass plate are clearly seen in the orange field...

Страница 13: ...ntensity of the light and press DOWN to get less intensity of the light b After selecting the level of the light intensity the digital thermometer displays the current temperature in 5 seconds Also the digital thermometer displays the current temperature when the switchs are not operated for 5 seconds c 3 2 How to select the light intensity of the scale view from three levels Press UP and DOWN swi...

Страница 14: ...ains supply of AC100 to 240V Otherwise it may cause smoke fire or serious damage to the refractometer If the power cable plug is damaged modified or broken don t use it If such a cable plug is used it may cause electric shock or fire For repairing or replacing the cable plug ask the dealer or our distributor to do it CAUTION Don t touch the plug with wet hand When disconnecting the power cable fro...

Страница 15: ...in power connector port on the rear panel of the digital thermometer Then plug the AC power cable into an AC100V to 240V mains outlet and turn the power switch on The digital thermometer indicates the current temperature of the main prism g With the illumination selector switch provided on the upper side of the digital thermometer the light quantity of the Abbe Refractometer s lamp can be selected...

Страница 16: ...at a constant measurement temperature as well as for obtaining possibly correct results There are water circulating channels provided by the main and secondary prisms and constant temperature water is carried through tubes connected with the four nozzles shown in Fig 5 4 The following explains the method to connect the Abbe Refractometer with the circulating constant temperature bath 5 Preparation...

Страница 17: ...and adjust the setting temperature of the circulating constant temperature bath so that the refractometer is constantly kept at desired temperature 5 Preparation for measurement After tightening the tie band cut off the belt tip at C Figure 5 8 d 4 Use of tie band Figure 5 5 d Fasten each tube with the tie band according to the following procedure Insert an end of tube onto the nozzle so that the ...

Страница 18: ...gital thermometer b Plug the AC power cable into an indoor AC100 to 240V power outlet At this time be sure to connect the ground pin ۍ When using a circulating constant temperature bath make sure it is connected c 2 Power on Plug the power cable of the digital thermometer in an AC100 to 240V electrical outlet and ensure that the ground pin is connected as well a Turn on the power switch of the dig...

Страница 19: ...g liquid sample in main calibrate the scale in this method Turn the prism open shut handle to open the secondary prism Fig 7 1 After wiping down the main and secondary prism surface drip a small amount of distilled water on it Fig 7 2 Gently close the secondary prism a 1 Calibration with distilled water Connect the refractometer with the circulating constant temperature bath and set the measuremen...

Страница 20: ...he calibration screw located in the center of the calibration section with the special screwdriver supplied as an accessory so that the boundary line appearing in the field of refraction meets the intersection of the cross hairs Fig 7 6 d Note When the measurement temperature is other than 20Υ adjust the scale indication to correspond to the Refractive Index at the actual measurement temperature r...

Страница 21: ... the secondary prism completely as shown in Fig 7 3 a Fig 7 3 Minor polished side Major polished side Fig 7 4 Light Test piece Contact the major polished side of the test piece evenly to the center part of the main prism surface At that time set the test piece so that its minor polished side faces the reflactor With contact of the test piece to the main prism monobromonaphthalene spreads between t...

Страница 22: ...e gently turn the measurement knob to set the scale indication approximately to the Refractive Index shown on the test piece the upper scale is for reading Refractive Index from 1 3000 to 1 7100 while the lower scale is for Brix percent from 0 0 to 95 0 Fig 7 5 f Fig 7 5 Refraction view Scale view Seeing the field of refraction view the colored boundary line is observed near the intersection of th...

Страница 23: ...after use ە Cautions on use of monobromonaphthalene The Safety Data Sheet SDS for monobromonaphthalene says that it may irritate the skin and the eyes Although the harmful effect of monobromonaphthalene is not likely to occur under the ordinary circumstances as the amount used in one measurement is less than 0 1ml be sure to wear gloves and masks and take other safety measures with due caution whe...

Страница 24: ...the prism surface is made of optical glass If the prism surface is scratched the refractometer may fall in measurement When measurement is complete wipe up sample from the prism surface and its surroudings with soft tissue moisted with water first and then wipe the wet parts with dry tissue to dry them up After measurement of a sample of a high molecular compound oil and fat etc wipe the prism sur...

Страница 25: ...be set to one of 8 steps c d The upper scale is for reading Refractive Index nD while the lower scale is for Brix percent Since the minimal graduation unit for Refractive Index is 0 0002 the scale can be read at a unit of 0 00005 with the eye On the other hand Brix percent scale is graduated at a unit of 0 1 the scale can be read at a unit of 0 01 with the eye e The brightness of the illuminator l...

Страница 26: ...id samples such as glass etc has no need of a constant temperature circulating bath because their refractive indices are hardly affected by temperature change However some kinds of plastics whose refractive indices are greatly affected by temperature change need to use a constant temperature circulating bath Fig 9 1 Polished side or Glossy side Lighting side Polished side or Glossy side the surfac...

Страница 27: ...e sample 20 D 20 D 20 D nࠉҸ1 53 nࠉҸ1 65 nࠉҸ1 74 nࠉҸ1 74 to 1 78 20 D 1 3 Mounting sample on main prism As shown in Fig 9 2 a solid sample must be put on proper contact liquid dript on the main prism Cautions on mounting sample Wipe down the upper surface of the main prism before dripping contact liquid onto it Put a tiny quantity of contact liquid on the center of the prism In the case of a glossy...

Страница 28: ...stance sandwiched between them it results in a great error in measurement 1 4 Lighting Open the secondary prism completely and external light horizontally penetrates the sample through the front side lighting side Fig 9 3 Although the natural light generally serves as an external light for measurement it is required to use a monochromatic light source of a certain wavelength such as a sodium lamp ...

Страница 29: ...D 1 92 The Test piece D nD 1 740 is recommended for the NAR 2T 2 Measuring film samples Fig 9 4 2 3 Mounting sample on main prism As shown in Fig 9 4 a film sample must be put on proper contact liquid dript on the main prism and put a proper test piece on the sample after dripping another contact liquid on the sample ە Cautions on mounting sample Wipe down respective contact surfaces of the main p...

Страница 30: ...tes the sample through the front side lighting side When using D line lamp for measurement set the color compensation knob to 30 of scale value of the color compensation knob NAR 2T Sodium lamp Main prism Film Test piece Contact liquid Eyepiece When the refraction view is not clear because of intense illumination of the lamp shake the light with white thin paper or tissue paper by inserting it bet...

Страница 31: ...ctive directions of machining direction of the film Y axis right angle to machining direction X axis and thickness direction Z axis as illustrated by Fig 9 6 This phenomenon is called double refraction and Refractive Index must be measured for each axis Measurement of double refraction needs the Polarizing eyepiece that is supplied optionally 3 2 Use of the polarizing eyepiece optional contact liq...

Страница 32: ... Loosen all 4 screws then pull up and remove the part Fig 9 8 a b Fig 9 8 Fig 9 7 Fit the eyeypiece Fig 9 9 comes with the polarizing eyepiece on the Abbe Refractometer Fig 9 10 and tighten 4 screws Fit the polarizing eyepiece on the body tube Fig 9 11 c d Fig 9 10 Fig 9 11 Polarizing eyepiece Fig 9 9 Screws ...

Страница 33: ...le piece a and that with the sample piece b Either of the results can be adopted If there is a difference between two measured values with the samples a and b adopt an average value of the two ە b ە Setting orientation of sample and polarizing eyepiece Measuring direction Thickness direction Z axis Thickness direction Z axis Machining direction Y axis Right angle to machining direction X axis Meas...

Страница 34: ...pected that n1 and n2 are respectively higher and lower than the Refractive Index of the powdered sample to be measured Regarding the chemical characteristics of the two liquids they must well be mixed in each other without reaction and the mixture must prevent the powdered sample from dissolving in it After taking a small amount the powdered sample in a clean test tube pour about 1ml of a liquid ...

Страница 35: ...e test tube looks containing the liquid only Fig 10 2 The principle of this phenomenon is applied to the measurement of powdered sample However if the powdered sample is observed by this method in the daylight it does not become invisible but is seen like colored because the point that refractive indices of the powder and the liquid varies depending on the wavelength of the daylight In such a case...

Страница 36: ...t the gap between the two prisms becomes small It is much more difficult to measure a pasty sample containing different materials that are kneaded or tempered together such as peanut butter bean jam unclear oily samples and other insoluble pasty samples For measuring such pasty samples it is advised to try to mix the ingredients as completely as possible and slightly heat the sample approximately ...

Страница 37: ...n excluding the insoluble ingredients is 80g which includes 56g of sugar besides 24g of water Therefore the refractometer reads the sugar content of solution as Brix70 As the above example suggests samples containing much insoluble ingredients require the most careful attention to the measured values Simultaneous analysis of solids sugar and water contained in bean jam a b c 11 Matters that requir...

Страница 38: ... of nF nC of a substance is known it greatly helps to know the characteristic of the substance because the nF nC of a substance is determined by its molecular structure As a simple example assume that there are two liquids that are completely different in quality from each other but the same in Refractive Index nD The two liquids cannot be discriminated from each other by the Refractive Index but ...

Страница 39: ...ctive Index nF㸫nC Dispersion value where 4 Example of measurement Refractive Index nD 1 4827 Reading of dispersion scale Left Right 42 3 42 2 42 2 42 2 42 2 42 1 42 3 42 2 42 2 42 2 Average reading for right and left Z 42 2 A 0 02336 nF 㸫 nC A BȘ 0 00683 BȘ 㸫 0 01653 Ș 㸫 0 596 B 0 02774 Z 42 2 Ȥ nD 㸫 1 nF 㸫 nC 0 4827 0 00683 70 7 5 Finding values A and B more accurately Assuming that nD Refractive...

Страница 40: ...tion at that time Alternately repeat the above mentioned operations several times and calculate an average value Z of the several measurement results With the obtained value Z find the value of a on Table 2 on page 41 6 Finding value Ș more accurately Calculation method for reference 0 02337 㸫2 27 10 7 0 02337㸫54 10 7 0 02337㸫0 0000054 Ҹ 0 02336 0 02786 㸫46 27 10 7 0 02786㸫1215 10 7 㸫0 596 0 02798...

Страница 41: ... 40 1 41 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 46 1 47 1 48 1 49 1 50 1 51 1 52 1 53 1 54 1 55 1 56 1 57 1 58 1 59 1 60 1 61 1 62 1 63 1 64 1 65 1 66 1 67 1 68 1 69 1 70 0 03291 0 03277 0 03261 0 03244 0 03225 0 03205 0 03183 0 03159 0 03134 0 03107 0 03078 0 03048 0 03016 0 02982 0 02946 0 02909 0 02870 0 02829 0 02786 0 02741 0 02693 0 02644 0 02592 0 02539 0 02482 0 02424 0 02362 0 02298 0 02230 0 02160 0 0208...

Страница 42: ...244 㸫0 249 㸫0 254 㸫0 259 㸫0 264 㸫0 269 㸫0 274 㸫0 279 㸫0 284 㸫0 289 㸫0 294 㸫0 299 㸫0 304 㸫0 309 㸫0 314 㸫0 319 㸫0 324 㸫0 329 㸫0 334 㸫0 339 㸫0 344 㸫0 349 㸫0 353 㸫0 358 㸫0 363 㸫0 368 㸫0 373 㸫0 378 㸫0 383 㸫0 388 㸫0 392 㸫0 397 㸫0 402 㸫0 407 㸫0 412 㸫0 416 㸫0 421 㸫0 426 㸫0 431 㸫0 435 㸫0 440 㸫0 445 㸫0 449 㸫0 454 㸫0 459 㸫0 463 㸫0 468 㸫0 473 㸫0 477 㸫0 482 㸫0 486 㸫0 491 㸫0 495 㸫0 707 㸫0 711 㸫0 714 㸫0 718 㸫0 7...

Страница 43: ... in a dry place avoiding high humidity dust and direct sunlight 5 6 7 When the refractometer is left in the measuring site as it is connected with a constant temperature circulating bath wipe up not only the refractometer but also the workbench and put the vinyl cover on the refractometer after straightening up everything on the workbench Moreover make sure to cover the constant temperature circul...

Страница 44: ......

Страница 45: ...tlet Don t touch the plug with wet hand When disconnecting the power cable from the outlet make sure to do it by holding the plug If the cable is pulled for disconnection it may not only break the cable but also cause fire and electric shock In the case the instrument is replaced with a circulating constant temperature bath drain out water from tubes and disconnect the tube connected to the prism ...

Страница 46: ...time make the thermo sensor s earth wire position on the left side of the clamps That is all for prism replacement Before starting measurement with the new prism make sure to calibrate the scale calibration e f g Do not loosen the two screws fixing the secondary prism and the hinge base Note Remove the main and secondary prism unit upwards together with the plate A and plate B Fig 14 3 d If the pa...

Страница 47: ...onnection of the AC cable If you touch the illuminating lamp just after it was switched off there is a fear that you burns your hand on its hot surface Replace the illuminating lamp with a specified lamp of the same rating If any other lamp different in the rating is used it may cause burns of external parts and breakdown of the instrument 14 Replacement of consumable supplies and component parts ...

Страница 48: ...o sensor unit Fig 14 7 a b c d Insert the head of the thermo sensor unit and the screw it into the tapped hole by turning the metal base clockwise with the 5mm wrench which is supplied with the thermo sensor unit until it is tightly fastened Fig 14 8 Attach the cable clamp together with the cable to the main body as they were before and then fasten them with the two Philips screws Ensure to replac...

Страница 49: ......

Страница 50: ...4026 1 34175 1 34325 1 34477 1 34629 1 34782 1 34937 1 35093 1 35250 1 35408 1 35568 1 35729 1 35891 1 36054 1 36218 1 36384 1 36551 1 36720 1 36889 1 37060 1 37233 1 37406 1 37582 1 37758 1 37936 1 38115 1 38296 1 38478 1 38661 1 38846 1 39032 1 39220 1 39409 1 39600 1 39792 1 39986 1 40181 1 40378 1 40576 1 40776 1 40978 1 41181 1 41385 1 41592 1 41799 1 42009 1 42220 1 42432 1 42647 1 42863 1 4...

Страница 51: ... 39 0 47 0 56 0 64 0 73 0 81 0 90 0 99 1 08 1 17 1 26 1 35 1 44 1 54 1 63 1 73 40 0 37 0 30 0 23 0 15 0 08 0 00 0 08 0 16 0 23 0 31 0 40 0 48 0 56 0 64 0 73 0 82 0 90 0 99 1 08 1 17 1 26 1 35 1 44 1 53 1 63 1 72 45 0 38 0 30 0 23 0 15 0 08 0 00 0 08 0 16 0 24 0 32 0 40 0 48 0 56 0 65 0 73 0 82 0 90 0 99 1 08 1 16 1 25 1 34 1 43 1 53 1 62 1 71 50 0 38 0 31 0 23 0 15 0 08 0 00 0 08 0 16 0 24 0 32 0 ...

Страница 52: ...ain unit 12 W 20 D 25 H cm 2 8kg Digital thermometer 10 W 11 D 7 H cm 0 5kg Refractive Index nD 0 001 Brix 0 5 Refractive Index nD 0 0002 at 20 Brix 0 1 at 20 Digital Thermometer Average dispersion value nF nC to be caluculated according to conversion table Use the instrument at an altitude below 2 000m above sea level Use the instrument indoors Use the instrument where the temperature is between ...

Страница 53: ...casing the warranty will be invalidated and a charge for repair will be assessed The prism is considered a consumable item Therefore any damage to the prism is not covered under the warranty and is subject to a repair costs All instruments received for repair are subject to a possible inspection fee ATAGO does not warrant the problems which are caused by user s fault even though the unit is under ...

Страница 54: ...orized Service Center If your ATAGO instrument requires servicing please contact ATAGO at the following e mail address Canada Europe North America U S A Mexico Central America Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Middle East Africa Iran Turkey Saudi Arabia Israel Lebanon South Africa Egypt Asia Oceania South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Chile Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Australia China ...

Страница 55: ...32 customerservice atago india com TEL 66 21948727 9 66 21171549 customerservice atago thailand com TEL 55 16 3913 8400 customerservice atago brasil com TEL 39 02 36557267 customerservice atago italia com TEL 1 425 637 2107 customerservice atago usa com TEL 86 20 38108256 info atago china com TEL 7 812 777 96 96 info atago russia com TEL 234 707 558 1552 atagonigeria atago net TEL 7 727 257 08 95 ...

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