199
F
F
o
o
r
r
t
t
r
r
e
e
s
s
s
s
9
9
5
5
0
0
0
0
/
/
9
9
3
3
0
0
0
0
O
O
n
n
l
l
i
i
n
n
e
e
M
M
a
a
n
n
u
u
a
a
l
l
Open
A
Glo
ssar
y &
T
e
ch
n
ical su
pp
or
t
B
B
I
I
O
O
S
S
(
(
B
B
a
a
s
s
i
i
c
c
I
I
n
n
p
p
u
u
t
t
/
/
O
O
u
u
t
t
p
p
u
u
t
t
S
S
y
y
s
s
t
t
e
e
m
m
)
)
BIOS is a set of assembly routine/program that reside in
EPROM
or
Flash ROM
. BIOS controls
Input/output devices and other hardware devices of motherboard. In general, to provide hardware
independent portability, operation system and drivers is required to access BIOS without directly
access hardware devices.
B
B
u
u
s
s
M
M
a
a
s
s
t
t
e
e
r
r
I
I
D
D
E
E
(
(
D
D
M
M
A
A
m
m
o
o
d
d
e
e
)
)
The traditional PIO (Programmable I/O) IDE requires the CPU to involve in all the activities of the
IDE access including waiting for the mechanical events. To reduce the workload of the CPU, the
bus master IDE device transfers data from/to memory without interrupting CPU, and releases CPU
to operate concurrently while data is transferring between memory and IDE device. You need the
bus master IDE driver and the bus master IDE HDD to support bus master IDE mode.
C
C
O
O
D
D
E
E
C
C
(
(
C
C
o
o
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g
a
a
n
n
d
d
D
D
e
e
c
c
o
o
d
d
i
i
n
n
g
g
)
)
Normally, CODEC means a circuit that can do digital to analog conversion and also the analog to
digital conversion. It is part of
AC97
sound/modem solution.
