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FEATURES & FUNCTIONALITY

 

Neo

                       

SECTION 2

 

Page 30

 

 

2.3.2 - Global Shutter

Global shutter mode, which can also be thought of as a ‘snapshot’ exposure mode, means that all pixels of the 

array are exposed simultaneously. In most respects, global shutter can be thought of as behaving like an 

Interline CCD sensor. Before the exposure begins, all pixels in the array will be held in a ‘keep clean state’, 

during which charge is drained into the anti-bloom structure of each pixel. At the start of the exposure each 

pixel simultaneously begins to collect charge and is allowed to do so for the duration of the exposure time. At 

the end of exposure each pixel transfers charge simultaneously to its readout node. Importantly, global shutter 

can be configured to operate in a continuous ‘overlap’ mode (analogous to Interline CCD), whereby an 

exposure can proceed while the previous exposure is being readout out from the readout nodes of each pixel. 

In this mode, the sensor has a 100% duty cycle, again resulting in optimal time resolution and photon collection 

efficiency. 

However, the mechanism of global shutter mode demands that a reference readout is performed ‘behind the 

scenes’, in addition to the actual readout of charge from each pixel. Due to this additional reference readout, 

global shutter mode carries the trade-off of halving the maximum frame rate that would otherwise have been 

achieved in rolling shutter mode. In addition, global shutter also increases the RMS read noise by a factor of 

1.41 over rolling shutter readout. 

Figure 9 

below shows a simplified illustration showing sequence of events in 

global shutter mode: 

 

Figure 9: Global shutter exposure & readout 

Содержание Neo sCMOS

Страница 1: ...ber 2011 HARDWARE GUIDE Neo sCMOS Project part financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the European Sustainable Competitiveness Programme for Northern Ireland www andor com Andor Tech...

Страница 2: ...TABLE OF CONTENTS sCMOS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 PAGE SAFETY WARNINGS INFORMATION 10 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 11...

Страница 3: ...HNICAL SUPPORT 13 Europe 13 USA 13 Asia Pacific 13 China 13 1 2 DISCLAIMER 14 1 3 TRADEMARKS PATENT INFORMATION 14 1 4 SPECIFICATIONS 15 1 5 COMPONENTS 16 1 5 1 Mechanical drawings 17 1 5 2 Power Supp...

Страница 4: ...e 44 2 7 1 2 Rolling Shutter Internal triggering Overlap mode 46 2 7 1 3 Rolling Shutter External Software triggering 47 2 7 1 4 Rolling Shutter External Exposure triggering Non Overlap mode 48 2 7 1...

Страница 5: ...STALLATION 65 3 1 SAFETY 65 3 2 MOUNTING CAMERA 65 3 3 MINIMUM COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS 65 3 4 INSTALLING SOLIS AND CAMERA LINK DRIVERS 66 3 5 CAMERA LINK CONTROLLER CARD INSTALLATION 67 3 6 INSTALLATION...

Страница 6: ...E OF CONTENTS sCMOS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 6 PAGE SECTION 4 OPERATION 71 4 1 CONNECTING CAMERA 71 4 2 COOLING 72 4 2 1 Head overheating 72 4 2 2 TE Cooling 73 4 2 3 Fan settings 74 4 3 SOFTWARE SUPPOR...

Страница 7: ...TABLE OF CONTENTS sCMOS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 7 PAGE SECTION 5 MAINTENANCE 76 5 1 REGULAR CHECKS 76 5 2 ANNUAL ELECTRICAL SAFETY CHECKS 76 5 3 FUSE REPLACEMENT 76 5 4 COOLING PIPES CONNECTORS 76...

Страница 8: ...TABLE OF CONTENTS sCMOS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 8 PAGE SECTION 6 TROUBLESHOOTING 77...

Страница 9: ...MOS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 9 PAGE APPENDIX 79 A1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 79 A2 TERMS CONDITIONS 81 A3 STANDARD WARRANTY AND WARRANTY SERVICES 82 A4 THE WASTE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT REGU...

Страница 10: ...lint free cloth If any ingress has occurred or is suspected unplug mains cable do not use and contact Andor service 10 The product contains components that are extremely sensitive to static electrici...

Страница 11: ...INTRODUCTION Neo SECTION 1 Page 11 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Please refer to the Declaration of Conformity in Section A2...

Страница 12: ...sCMOS is uniquely capable of simultaneously offering Extremely low noise Rapid frame rates Wide dynamic range High quantum efficiency QE High resolution Large field of view This manual contains usefu...

Страница 13: ...425 Sullivan Avenue Suite 3 South Windsor CT 06074 USA Tel 860 290 9211 Fax 860 290 9566 www andor com contact_us support_request Asia Pacific China Andor Technology Japan 7F Ichibancho Central Build...

Страница 14: ...OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN COPYRIGHT AND PROTECTIVE NOTICES The copyright in this document and the associated drawings are the property of Andor Technology plc and all rights are reserved This...

Страница 15: ...rating relative humidity 70 non condensing Overvoltage category CAT II Pollution degree 2 Ingress protection rating IP20 Electromagnetic compatibility This is a Class A product In a domestic environme...

Страница 16: ...rter SW4117 ASE 01188 3 Meter USB cable A B ASE 02990 MVC 1 1 1 3M 3m CEI Camera Link Cable ACZ 03452 2m Multi I O timing cable offering Fire External Trigger Shutter and Arm Hardware guide in CD form...

Страница 17: ...INTRODUCTION Neo SECTION 1 Page 17 1 5 1 Mechanical drawings...

Страница 18: ...lectrical supply input The connection to the NEO is made via a 2 pin Redel PAG M0 2GL AC52G connector The SW4117 is for use with Telecommunications Computer Industrial Controller OA Systems and must o...

Страница 19: ...ved 25 GND 8 Fire 17 Reserved 26 GND 9 Reserved 18 GND External trigger is a TTL input By default it triggers on a rising edge Fire and Arm outputs are all TTL timing outputs please also refer to the...

Страница 20: ...Camera Link version of the Neo CL2 This connection is to facilitate future upgrade to a 10 tap double cable Camera Link version of the Neo and should not be connected if using a 3 tap version Power A...

Страница 21: ...deposits in the water circuit inside the camera This can reduce the flow rate and effect the cooling achieved therefore to prevent deposits forming it is recommended that de ionized water without add...

Страница 22: ...INTRODUCTION Neo SECTION 1 Page 22 1 5 5 Optional extras The following items can also be added to the system as necessary Mounting Flanges SDK and or Solis Software in CD format...

Страница 23: ...ts sensor and generates charge 2 The photo generated charge is converted to an analogue voltage inside each pixel amplifier 3 Pixel voltage is transferred to the column bus via a row select signal 4 T...

Страница 24: ...n must be given to the contribution of thermal noise which if left unchecked carries potential to sacrifice the low noise floor advantage of the technology Deep thermoelectric cooling provides the key...

Страница 25: ...uum technology 15 years ago Andor have indeed perfected a proprietary Permanent Vacuum Head essential not only to optimize cooling performance but also to ensure that the sensor is protected and that...

Страница 26: ...ured typical dark current of the sCMOS sensor at each of the temperatures Combined noise is calculated in quadrature i e using the square root of the sum of the squares method Even within the exposure...

Страница 27: ...Figure 7 below shows a 3D intensity plot of the same 500 x 1000 pixel region of an sCMOS sensor at a number of different cooling temperatures each recorded with only 1 sec exposure time in Rolling Shu...

Страница 28: ...equence during readout whereas in global shutter mode each pixel in the sensor effectively ends the exposure simultaneously However lowest noise and fastest frame rates are achieved from rolling shutt...

Страница 29: ...remes of the sensor halves would have started and ended its exposure 10 ms 1080 rows x 10 s row after the rows at the centre of the sensor Rolling shutter can be operated in a continuous mode when cap...

Страница 30: ...e configured to operate in a continuous overlap mode analogous to Interline CCD whereby an exposure can proceed while the previous exposure is being readout out from the readout nodes of each pixel In...

Страница 31: ...cell the image of the vesicle being 30 pixels diameter on the sensor Let s say we set up a kinetic series rate of 100 fps sampling the moving vesicle with an exposure every 20 pixels of movement even...

Страница 32: ...ions that require exact time correlation between two or more points of an image that are separated vertically within the image In rolling shutter it takes 10 s per row for the 2x readout fronts to mov...

Страница 33: ...d from the signal level Step 4 above to get the real signal For rolling shutter charge transfer happens on a per row basis therefore each row follows steps 1 5 above until the entire sensor is read ou...

Страница 34: ...t a time see tech note on Rolling and Global Shutter modes As a consequence of each pixel having its own individual readout structure the overall readout noise in CMOS sensors is described as a distri...

Страница 35: ...ogous to the situation of Clock Induced Charge CIC noise spikes in EMCCD cameras in that it is due to the fact that we have significantly reduced the noise in the bulk of the sensor such that the rema...

Страница 36: ...oise floor of 3 e The gain sensitivity required to give lowest noise is 1 e ADU or count and the gain sensitivity required to harness the full well depth is 2 3 e ADU but with a higher read noise of 5...

Страница 37: ...g the compensation data associated with the data stream The gain corrects for pixel to pixel relative sensitivity pixel node amplifier and the high and low amplifier relative gains 4 The pixels are th...

Страница 38: ...be optimized for the widest range of applications it is important to have flexibility in the readout options available some of these include Cooling please see Section 2 2 for further information Pre...

Страница 39: ...ing through the Camera Link interface and writing to hard disk or can choose 16 bit dual gain channel if dynamic range is more important than faster frame rates Please refer to Section 2 5 for more de...

Страница 40: ...tion Slower readout typically allows lower read noise but at the expense of slower frame rates The following readout rates are available on the NEO the table below shows the typical read noise at each...

Страница 41: ...s image storage requirements Examples of sub image selection and spooling rates are shown in Table 4 below Table 4 Example of ROI and frame rates Array Size Camera Link Base Burst to 4 GB Internal Mem...

Страница 42: ...tiated The external trigger is fed via the EXT input on the I O Connector on the camera head Software Trigger works in the same manner to External Trigger mode whereby the camera and software are in a...

Страница 43: ...external output from the camera ARM The ARM output from the camera is used in external and software triggering modes to indicate when the camera is ready to accept an incoming trigger If ARM is low wh...

Страница 44: ...le 7 Rolling Shutter Internal Triggering Short Exposures Timing Parameters Parameter Minimum Maximum Exposure Time 1 Row 1 Frame Cycle Time 1 Frame Rate 1 Frame 1 Frame Acquisition Start Delay 1 Frame...

Страница 45: ...out phase begins When the frame has been read out completely the Global Clear is held HIGH until the user defined cycle time is achieved Table 9 Rolling Shutter Internal Triggering Long Exposures Timi...

Страница 46: ...osure period Reading out this first frame effectively begins the first exposure When the exposure period has completed a signal frame read out phase begins As each row is read out the new exposure for...

Страница 47: ...osure period has completed a signal frame read out phase begins When the frame has been read out completely the Global Clear is held HIGH until the next trigger event is detected The external trigger...

Страница 48: ...nal trigger pulse width defines the exposure time for all rows but is only coincident with the exposure time for Row 1 The exposure for Row 2 will be delayed by one row time relative to Row 1 and so f...

Страница 49: ...ns As each row is read out the new exposure for that row begins Table 13 Rolling Shutter External Exposure Triggering Overlap Mode Timing Parameters Parameters Minimum Maximum Exposure 1 Frame 1 Row 1...

Страница 50: ...delay between the External Trigger detection and the start of a new exposure The maximum delay that can occur depends on the exposure time set Table 14 Rolling Shutter External Start Triggering Timing...

Страница 51: ...clock cycles per sensor row 2624 3 1 Frame is the image height of a sensor half defined in Rows and determined by the ROI configured for e g full frame 1080 This is the number of rows that is read ou...

Страница 52: ...coming trigger Global Clear Global Shutter uses Global Clear to begin a new exposure When this pulse is HIGH charge is drained from every pixel thus preventing the accumulation of charge on the sensor...

Страница 53: ...ence frame is read out before the Global Clear is performed The negative edge of the Global Clear begins an exposure After the user defined exposure time the Charge Transfer pulse goes HIGH to transfe...

Страница 54: ...xels in the sensor Finally the signal frame is then read as shown below Table 17 Global Shutter Internal Triggering Long Exposures Timing Parameters Parameter Minimum Maximum Exposure 1 Frame 1 Row 1...

Страница 55: ...the end of the reference read out is coincident with the end of the exposure The Charge Transfer pulse then goes HIGH to transfer charge from all pixels in the sensor The signal frame is then read ou...

Страница 56: ...he reference read out is coincident with the end of the exposure The Charge Transfer pulse then goes HIGH to transfer charge from all pixels in the sensor Finally the signal frame is then read The cam...

Страница 57: ...A signal frame read out then begins The period of the external trigger pulse defines the overall cycle time If the width of the trigger event is less than the frame read out time the falling edge will...

Страница 58: ...to read out the Reference frame for the subsequent Signal frame If the period of the external trigger is less than the minimum period discussed above any positive edge occurring during the Signal and...

Страница 59: ...Trigger The diagram below shows the External Start used in an Internal Trigger Non Overlap Mode The delay from the External Trigger to start of exposure in this case is 1 Row Table 22 Global Shutter...

Страница 60: ...clock cycles per sensor row 2624 3 1 Frame is the image height of a sensor half defined in Rows and determined by the ROI configured for e g full frame 1080 This is the number of rows that is read out...

Страница 61: ...pported Single Scan Kinetic Series Accumulate Run Till Abort NOTES 1 The term User Frame in this section refers to a single frame in Rolling Shutter mode and a reference image frame pair in Global Shu...

Страница 62: ...r of user frames has been reached Frames are read out of the on camera memory and transmitted from the camera in as quick succession as possible Note that after the required number of valid triggers h...

Страница 63: ...t frames can be transmitted from the camera otherwise the on camera memory will fill up and the acquisition will not be able to be sustained 2 8 4 1 Live mode The term Live Mode refers to a version of...

Страница 64: ...r frame after the current frame exposure has completed The exposure time can be changed any number of times before the acquisition finishes 2 8 6 Frame rate control If Internal Trigger is being used t...

Страница 65: ...or personnel the camera must be securely mounted before use This can be using either one of the following points The C Mount or F mount on the front face of the camera The 20 UNC threaded holes locate...

Страница 66: ...t the default when prompted by the installer The following window will be displayed Click on the drop down box and scroll down to the bottom and select sCMOS as shown Click the Next button in the wind...

Страница 67: ...trol procedures unplug all cables from the rear of the computer 4 Unscrew any cover mounting screws on the computer and set them aside safely 5 Carefully remove the cover of the computer e g 6 Locate...

Страница 68: ...xpansion slot and ensure it is securely locked in e g 12 Making sure that the card s mounting bracket is flush with any other mounting brackets or filler brackets to either side of it secure the contr...

Страница 69: ...Vista you may be asked to specify the directory containing the Bitflow drivers These are located in C Bitflow SDK 5 30 PlugAndPlay 4 If you are running Windows XP then the Found New Hardware Wizard di...

Страница 70: ...ither leakage of coolant during connection removal of hoses or spillage of any residual coolant contained within the camera head once the hoses have been removed Insertion and removal of the hoses is...

Страница 71: ...he camera link cable between the CL1 connector on the rear of the unit and the appropriated port on the frame grabber card 4 If required connect the I O expander cable to the 26 way I O connector 5 Pr...

Страница 72: ...y blocked The ambient air temperature is more than 40 C To protect the camera from overheating a thermal switch has been attached to the heat sink If the temperature of the heat sink rises above prede...

Страница 73: ...ndent on the room temperature The table below shows typical minimum detector temperatures when operating at the different readout speeds and ambient temperatures Table 23 Detector cooling temperatures...

Страница 74: ...xamples of what fan off durations can be expected when operating at an ambient of 25 C Table 24 Fan off durations Sensor Readout Speed Selected Sensor Temperature Duration before fan is forced on 560...

Страница 75: ...supplier for applications not listed below Andor Solis Andor SDK3 Andor IQ MetaMorph Please refer to the application Help for details on how to control any Neo specific functionality Andor SDK3 docum...

Страница 76: ...ulation and protective earth of the product on an annual basis e g U K PAT testing Do not use equipment that is damaged 5 3 FUSE REPLACEMENT In the U K Ireland and some other countries the supplied ma...

Страница 77: ...an over temperature condition has occurred within the camera Follow the instructions below to rectify this situation 1 Power the camera off and allow it to cool down 2 Ensure chiller pipes if fitted...

Страница 78: ...cooling block and cooling fins inside the camera 3 Set the camera aside to dry for several hours before you attempt reuse 4 Before reuse blow dry gas through the cooling slits on the side of the camer...

Страница 79: ...APPENDIX Neo APPENDIX Page 79 APPENDIX A1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY...

Страница 80: ...APPENDIX Neo APPENDIX Page 80...

Страница 81: ...dard terms and conditions of sale set out in this document and unless the context otherwise requires includes any special terms and conditions agreed in writing between the Buyer and Seller CONTRACT m...

Страница 82: ...responsible for any import duties taxes and customs clearance fees associated with the return of the unit This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse misuse accident or unauthorized alteration...

Страница 83: ...icense Andor does not warrant software to be error free or that Customers will be able to operate software without problems or interruptions The standard software warranty period is 12 months from dis...

Страница 84: ...st 1 4 2 The Customer should indicate that they are pursuing a warranty claim and specify the equipment type and the contract under which it was supplied The Service Desk representative will then work...

Страница 85: ...ted to decide the course of action These actions may include Scrapping the part Return of the defective unrepaired part to the Customer Replacement with a new or refurbished part Andor will invoice th...

Страница 86: ...roducts in the EU after August 13 2005 and are intending to discard these products at the end of their useful life Andor are happy to assist The cost for the collection treatment recycling recovery an...

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