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APPENDIX F— GPS PRIMER

BACKGROUND

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation
system that was originally conceived and implemented by the United
States Department of Defense (DoD). The system is, however, avail-
able to all civilian users free of charge. GPS provides extremely
precise position, velocity, and time information.

The satellites are not geosynchronous, as is the case with many
weather and television satellites. That is, each satellite is not above a
fixed spot on the Earth all the time, but rather is continuously moving
across the sky. In fact, each satellite completely orbits the Earth two
times per day.

The Department of Defense imposes an intentional accuracy degra-
dation of the GPS system. This degradation is known as Selective
Availability (SA). When SA is active, only U.S. military users have
access to full GPS accuracy. For civilian users, position accuracy is
degraded to no worse than 100 meters. At the time of this writing,
Selective Availability is on (and therefore accuracy is degraded) near-
ly 100% of the time.

GPS POSITION DETERMINING CONCEPT

The technique used to determine position is fundamentally very sim-
ple. The complicated part is accounting for and correcting all the
possible errors in the position.

The GPS receiver is able to determine the time it takes a radio signal
to travel from the satellite to the GPS antenna. Since this radio signal
travels at the speed of light (approximately 186,000 statute miles per
second), the time delay can very easily be used to determine the
receiver’s distance from a given satellite. If measurements are taken
from four satellites (or three satellites and an input from an aircraft
altimeter), the receiver can identify its position very precisely.

KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide

Appendix F

F-1

GPS Primer

Appendix F

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Содержание Bendix/King KLN 89

Страница 1: ...Pilot s Guide ORS 01 02 KLN 89 KLN 89B Bendix King GPS Navigation System A ...

Страница 2: ...ANT Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 89B to be certified for IFR En route Terminal and Non precision Approach use If these procedures are followed the KLN 89B can be used for IFR use Consult the KLN 89B Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit June 1996 ...

Страница 3: ...ter 5 Approaches and SID STARs applies only to KLN 89B For features that apply to both KLN 89 and KLN 89B a generic reference to KLN 89 B is used NOTE A whiskers border is used around data on some of the figures in this Pilot s Guide to indicate that the data inside the border is flashing WARNING The KLN 89 and KLN 89B display GPS derived alti tude on the OTH 1 page Do not use the GPS derived alti...

Страница 4: ... Format 3 8 3 4 Basic Operation of Panel Controls 3 11 3 4 1 Page Selection 3 12 3 4 2 Data Entry 3 13 3 4 3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page 3 15 3 4 4 Cyclic Fields 3 17 3 5 Message Page 3 17 3 6 Initialization and Time to First Fix 3 18 3 7 Selecting and Scanning Waypoints 3 21 3 7 1 Selecting Waypoints by Identifier 3 21 3 7 3 Selecting Waypoints by Scanning 3 23 3 7 4 Selecting Waypoints by Name o...

Страница 5: ... 3 11 1 5 The Airport 5 APT 5 Page 3 49 3 11 1 6 The Airport 6 APT 6 Page 3 50 3 11 1 7 The Airport 7 APT 7 Page 3 51 3 11 1 8 The Airport 8 APT 8 Page 3 52 3 11 2 VOR Pages 3 53 3 11 2 1 The VOR 1 Page 3 53 3 11 2 2 The VOR 2 Page 3 53 3 11 3 NDB Pages 3 54 3 11 3 1 The NDB 1 Page 3 54 3 11 3 2 The NDB 2 Page 3 54 3 11 4 Intersection Pages 3 55 3 11 4 1 The Intersection 1 INT 1 Page 3 55 3 11 4 2...

Страница 6: ...d Flight Plan 4 4 4 1 4 Adding a Waypoint to a Flight Plan 4 5 4 1 5 Deleting a Waypoint from a Flight Plan 4 6 4 1 6 Deleting Flight Plans 4 7 4 1 7 Storing FPL 0 as a Numbered Flight Plan 4 7 4 2 Operating from the Active Flight Plan 4 8 4 2 1 General Procedures 4 8 4 2 2 Turn Anticipation and Waypoint Alerting 4 9 4 2 3 Viewing the Waypoint Pages for the Active Flight Plan Waypoints 4 11 4 2 4 ...

Страница 7: ...3 The OBS Mode 4 36 4 7 4 Switching From the Leg Mode to the OBS Mode 4 38 4 7 5 Effects of Switching From OBS Mode to Leg Mode 4 38 4 7 6 Going Direct to a Waypoint While in the OBS Mode 4 39 4 7 7 Activating a Waypoint While in the OBS Mode 4 39 4 7 8 Changing the CDI scale factor 4 40 4 8 The Fuel Management Pages 4 41 4 8 1 The Other 7 OTH 7 page 4 42 4 8 2 The Other 8 OTH 8 page 4 43 4 8 3 Th...

Страница 8: ...electing A SID 5 30 5 2 2 Selecting A STAR 5 31 5 2 3 Editing a SID or STAR 5 32 5 2 4 Example of a SID Procedure 5 34 5 2 5 Example of a STAR Procedure 5 36 APPENDIX A NAVIGATION TERMS A 1 APPENDIX B MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES B 1 APPENDIX C SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES C 1 APPENDIX D ABBREVIATIONS D 1 STATE ABBREVIATIONS D 1 CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS D 2 COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS D 2 ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS D 8...

Страница 9: ...Table of Contents TOC 6 This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 10: ...ain simple English and it assumes you are not an experienced user of GPS or other type of long range navigation equipment If you are experienced so much the better This Pilot s Guide also includes hundreds of sample screen figures and other illustrations to make your learning easier It is designed so that you can start at the front and progress in the order presented however you may want to skip a...

Страница 11: ...it runs a self test Afterwards the Self test Page is displayed If the KLN 89 B is receiving an altitude from an encoding altime ter the present indicated altitude will be displayed on line 2 The bottom line should display Pass and a flashing Ok Press the F button to approve the Self test Page 3 The Initialization Page will now be displayed If the date and time are incorrect by more than 10 minutes...

Страница 12: ...ers For example LAX becomes KLAX For these countries if the identifier contains any numbers there is no prefix For example TX04 is entered TX04 For other areas of the world the airport identifier should be entered identically to how it is charted 8 Rotate the right inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is displayed Turn the right outer knob one step clock wise to move the ...

Страница 13: ...point to waypoint 4 22 Calculate fuel requirements for a flight plan 4 25 Calculate fuel requirements from waypoint to waypoint 4 23 Calculate sunrise sunset times 4 29 Calculate the density altitude 4 27 Calculate the pressure altitude 4 26 Calculate the true airspeed TAS 4 27 Calculate the winds aloft 4 28 Cancel Direct To operation 3 35 Change a cyclic field 3 17 Change course modes 4 35 Change...

Страница 14: ...m the OTH 5 page 3 66 Delete an individual waypoint in a SID or STAR procedure 5 33 Display the nearest airport continuously 3 29 Enable the voltage alert feature 3 67 Enter a user defined waypoint remark on the USR 3 page 3 57 Enter a waypoint identifier 3 13 Enter an airport remark on the APT 6 page 3 51 Enter the local magnetic variation manually on the SET 2 page 4 47 Fly direct to a waypoint ...

Страница 15: ... date on the SET 2 page 3 60 Set the time on the SET 2 page 3 61 Specify the nearest airport criteria 3 28 Store the active flight plan as a numbered flight plan 4 7 Turn on and initialize the KLN 89 B 3 2 Update the KLN 89 B data base by computer 2 6 Use altitude alerting 4 14 Use the NAV 1 page to view the VNAV status 4 20 Use VNAV on a Direct To 4 17 View a message 3 18 View the waypoints in th...

Страница 16: ...KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Introduction vii This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 17: ... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REQUIRED FOR IFR APPROACH INSTALLATIONS OF KLN 89B RS 232 INPUT RS 232 INPUT HEADING RS 232 INPUT GPS APR REMOTE SWITCH ANNUNCIATOR ı N S E W 33 3 0 24 21 15 1 2 6 3 A D F KI 229 N 3 3 30 W 24 2 1 S 1 5 1 2 E 6 3 A D F A D F NAV NAV KNI 582 OR COMPATIBLE AIR DATA COMPUTER LEFT RIGHT D BAR SELECTED COURSE GPS ON OFF APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH G KLN 89 TSO CRSR PU...

Страница 18: ...a is available for use with the KLN 89 B It is designed to always be mounted on the top of the aircraft The KLN 89 B has analog outputs to drive the left right deviation bar of most mechanical CDIs and HSIs In addition the NAV mode of the Bendix King KFC 150 KAP 150 KAP 150H KAP 100 KFC 200 KAP 200 KFC 250 KFC 275 KFC 300 and KFC 325 flight control systems may be coupled to the KLN 89 B Many other...

Страница 19: ...See section 4 9 The conditions for the aircraft bus voltage alert to activate See section 3 16 The configuration information is stored both in the module and in the KLN 89 B internal memory If the KLN 89 B detects a difference between the configuration stored in the module and the configuration stored in the internal memory which should only occur following the exchange of KLN 89 or KLN 89B units ...

Страница 20: ...KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide System Components 1 3 System Components Chapter 1 This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 21: ...60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 Pacific Data Base coverage area Common to Pacific Atlantic Data Base coverage areas Atlantic Data Base coverage area Americas Data Base coverage area Figure 2 1 KLN 89 B Data Base Geographical Region ...

Страница 22: ...airport elevation Just unleash the power of the KLN 89 B and display the information right on the screen Thirdly the KLN 89B data base stores non precision approaches in their proper sequence This allows you to select an approach as a whole rather than entering the approach waypoint by waypoint 2 2 DATA BASE CONTENTS AND COVERAGE AREAS There are three data base coverage areas available for the KLN...

Страница 23: ...re environment Time difference relative to UTC Communication frequencies ATIS Clearance delivery Tower Ground control Unicom Multicom Approach IFR Departure IFR Class B Class C TRSA CTA TMA VFR Center when used for approach Arrival Radar Director AWOS automatic weather observing station ASOS automatic surface observation system AAS aeronautical advisory service AFIS aerodrome flight information se...

Страница 24: ...ly All compatible pilot nav SID STAR procedures Non precision approaches except localizer LDA Localizer Directional Aid SDF Simplified Directional Facility approved for GPS overlay use Includes all public GPS only approaches Miscellaneous Air Route Traffic Control Center ARTCC and FIR frequencies Flight Service Stations location of points of communication and associated frequencies Minimum Safe Al...

Страница 25: ...The most reliable method of determining an Alaska airport identifier is to look it up from the airport name or city See sec tion 3 7 4 Selecting Waypoints by Name or City Incidentally you can program the KLN 89 B to default to a certain letter such as K when you are entering a waypoint identifier See section 3 4 2 Data Entry to learn about this handy feature Not all airport identifiers receive the...

Страница 26: ...e services available to you in a choice of several subscription or random update programs See section 2 6 for details on these programs NOTE AlliedSignal sends the update so that it arrives prior to the next effective date The new update may be installed any time prior to the effective date and the KLN 89 B will use the previous data up to the effective date and automatically begin using the new d...

Страница 27: ...he KLN 89 B data base by computer 1 Plug the 9 pin female connector end of the interface cable into a COM serial port of the computer If the computer has COM 1 and COM 2 serial ports either may be used Some computers use a 9 pin COM serial port connector while other computers use a 25 pin connector If the computer being used has a 9 pin connector the interface cable connector will plug directly in...

Страница 28: ...computer Turn off the computer The chances are small of having difficulty updating the data base but If you have a problem First check that the interface cable is properly connected and that the computer is turned on If there is a problem with the connec APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm Programming åå ånm Programming åååååå data base åååååå data base Leg 95 complete Leg 95 comple...

Страница 29: ...ping label is included in the mailer Please affix this label to the outside of the mailer Also peel off the protective backing from the adhesive on the end flap of the mailer Press the flap against the adhesive to seal the container Please return the expired card promptly by mailing immediately at any mailbox No postage is required if mailed from within the U S Users will be billed for cards not r...

Страница 30: ...OPTIONS The following tear out page can be used for ordering Americas Atlantic and Pacific data base update services from AlliedSignal The forms may be mailed or FAXed for your convenience KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Data Base 2 9 ...

Страница 31: ...egin alerting you after 28 days that your data base is out of date Send to AlliedSignal CAS Data Base Update Service Mail Drop 45 400 N Rogers Road Olathe KS 66062 9987 Telephone 913 768 3020 FAX 913 791 1335 Check One Complete Update Service Provides 13 updates one every 28 days for one year Six time Update Service Provides six updates one every 56 days for one year Four time Update Service Provi...

Страница 32: ...S MAIL PERMIT NO 121 OLATHE KANSAS POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Fold here NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES ALLIEDSIGNAL COMMERCIAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS M D 45 400 NORTH ROGERS ROAD OLATHE KS 66062 9987 Tape here ...

Страница 33: ...ELMOOi 3 ELMOOi 15 ELMOOi 3 ELMOOi 15 Leg 4 LAX18 22 Leg 4 LAX18 22 FPL 0 9 KLAX 66 FPL 0 9 KLAX 66 ENT CLR D NRST ALT OBS MSG DIRECT TO BUTTON MESSAGE BUTTON CLEAR BUTTON ENTER BUTTON RIGHT OUTER KNOB RIGHT INNER KNOB CURSOR BUTTON DATA CARD ON OFF KNOB ALTITUDE BUTTON NEAREST BUTTON OBS BUTTON Figure 3 1 KLN 89 B Controls ...

Страница 34: ...is is especially handy if you re learning while away from your GPS The steps below take a lot of words to explain but before you know it you will be flying through them NOTE When power is applied to the KLN 89 B it always wakes up in the Leg mode Only the Leg mode is described in this chapter In this mode the KLN 89 B performs great circle navigation the shortest distance between two points locate...

Страница 35: ...n the left side of the front panel Once the card is in place you may apply power once again and the unit will operate properly 2 Verify that the data displayed on the Self Test page is the same as is being displayed on the appropriate equipment in the aircraft which is interfaced to the KLN 89 B If the KLN 89 B is not connected to any other equipment in the aircraft you may skip to step 3 APT VOR ...

Страница 36: ... use the associated indicator with the KLN 89 B 3 If the KLN 89 B has passed the internal self test the bottom of the Self Test page will display Pass and all external annunciators should be illuminated If instead Fail is displayed recycle power to the KLN 89 B If the Self Test page still displays Fail the KLN 89 B requires repair and should not be used for navigation 4 When you are ready to appro...

Страница 37: ...lite to the correct time However you are responsible for assuring the desired time zone is selected on the KLN 89 B If it is necessary to reset the time position the cursor over the time zone field figure 3 12 and select the desired time zone figure 3 13 Basic GPS Operation Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 3 4 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH 07 JAN 96 1415 07 JAN 96 1415 UTC UTC WPT REF K...

Страница 38: ...lso called Zulu is always a safe choice The local time zone LCL is selected on the SET 2 page and is defined to be a certain time offset from Zulu UTC Once you have selected the desired time zone position the cur sor over the entire time field and select the correct hour with the right inner knob figure 3 14 Since 24 hour time is used be sure to add 12 if the time is after 1 00 P M 2 30 P M become...

Страница 39: ...he cursor to Ok and press F to move on 9 If the GPS is for VFR use only the VFR page will be displayed to notify you of this 10 The Data Base page will now be displayed with the cursor over Acknowledge Line 1 indicates whether an Americas Atlantic or Pacific data base is being used If the data base is current line 2 will show the date when the data base expires figure 3 19 If on the other hand the...

Страница 40: ...s Possible units are gallons GAL pounds LB imperial gallons IMP liters L or kilograms KG If you wish to manually set the FOB use the right outer knob to move the cursor to line 2 and use the right inner knob to select the desired value Another option is to move the cursor to Full and press F which will update the FOB to the tanks full value set at the time of installation To go on move the cursor ...

Страница 41: ... display of system messages or the turn on and self test sequence the page divider disappears and you have a full screen page Aeronautical information is presented on the screen in the form of pages A page is a presentation of specific data in an organized for mat Various page types are used to display related kinds of data For example one page type is NAV navigation NAV pages show information suc...

Страница 42: ...ocell in the upper left corner of the KLN 89 B 3 Turn off the cursor B The top left corner of the screen always displays distance to the active waypoint in nice large numbers figure 3 27 The identifier of the active waypoint is usually displayed on the second line This area of the display will be particularly useful to you if you are shooting non precision approaches using the KLN 89B since it let...

Страница 43: ...chapters in a book and the page numbers as the pages within a chapter Just as a chapter in a book may have from one to many pages a KLN 89 B page type may have from three to 25 pages associated with it There are for example 25 flight plan pages FPL 0 FPL 1 FPL 2 FPL 25 in the flight plan page type and up to eight airport pages APT 1 APT 2 APT 8 in the airport page type Figure 3 32 shows an example...

Страница 44: ...ly above them There are seven buttons across the bottom C Message H A Altitude G Nearest D Direct To E Clear and F Enter The cursor position is indicated by flashing underlined text on the screen Many pages allow you to add delete or change data on the screen by first pressing the B button to turn the cursor function on and bring the cursor on the screen The right knobs are then used to enter or c...

Страница 45: ...are three places to the right of the NAV pages Basic GPS Operation 3 12 Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH ê ônm PRESENT POSN ê ônm PRESENT POSN KORL KORL Leg Ref ORL Leg Ref ORL NAV 2 030 Fr 0 4nm NAV 2 030 Fr 0 4nm Figure 3 36 Chapter Name Page Range Page Type Page Functions APT 1 6 Airport Directory of published airports VOR 1 2 VOR Directory of published ...

Страница 46: ...he words rotate the right inner knob mean to turn the right inner knob while the knob is in the in position 3 4 2 DATA ENTRY Now that you ve learned how to select the desired page you re ready to learn the means of entering data It is necessary to enter data for example in order to specify a waypoint of your choice to go Direct To The general procedure for entering a waypoint identifier is describ...

Страница 47: ...KLN APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm åå ånm KFFA KFFA 10ft 10ft åååååå FIRST FLIGHT åååååå FIRST FLIGHT Leg KILL DEVIL HIL Leg KILL DEVIL HIL APT 1 NC APT 1 NC Figure 3 45 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm Wpt Fr KFFA åå ånm Wpt Fr KFFA åååååå 231 To KSAV åååååå 231 To KSAV Leg 351nm ESA 3200 Leg 351nm ESA 3200 CAL 1 121kt ETE 2 59 CAL 1 121kt ETE 2 59 Figure 3 4...

Страница 48: ... 4 3 THE DUPLICATE WAYPOINT PAGE There are some waypoints in the data base whose identifiers are not unique That is more than one waypoint has the same identifier When a waypoint identifier has been entered which is not unique to a single waypoint a Duplicate Waypoint page appears on the screen The Duplicate Waypoint page is used to select which of the waypoints having the same identifier is actua...

Страница 49: ...played last To view the rest of the choices rotate the right outer knob clockwise Doing so will move the flashing cursor over waypoints two three and then will cause the waypoint list to scroll so that the other way points in the list may be seen 4 To select the desired waypoint move the cursor over the appropriate choice figure 3 53 5 Press F and the display will change to the waypoint page for t...

Страница 50: ...u should view the message at your earliest opportunity because the unit may be alerting you to some sit uation of immediate concern to its condition or to your flight A description of each possible message is included in Appendix B of this Pilot s Guide KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3 17 Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH îë ñnm Time CST 15...

Страница 51: ... condition it is necessary to meet the following con ditions 1 The KLN 89 B s almanac data should be current Almanac data is orbital information for all the satellites and is used for initial acquisition when the KLN 89 B is first turned on This data is stored in the KLN 89 B s non volatile memory and is considered current for up to six months Each satellite sends almanac data for all satellites S...

Страница 52: ...ant then it is not necessary to update the time date or position To initialize the position from the SET 1 page 1 If the cursor is not on the screen figure 3 62 press the B button to bring it on the page over the INIT POS field figure 3 63 2 Using the right inner and outer knobs enter the identifier for the airport where you are presently located or the identifier of a navaid or other airport whic...

Страница 53: ...llow the KLN 89 B to fly along the active flight plan or to a direct to waypoint starting from the initialization waypoint A heading may be entered in the initial heading field while in the Take Home mode if the one offered is not desired See section 4 11 for more details on the Take Home mode 7 Select the NAV 2 page When the KLN 89 B reaches the NAV ready status and is therefore able to navigate ...

Страница 54: ... APT 1 page figure 3 68 Actually the airport identifier can be entered on any of the Airport pages but we ll use the APT 1 since it displays the airport name and city 2 Turn on the cursor B and make sure the right inner knob is pushed in The cursor will appear over the first character of the airport identifier figure 3 69 3 Turn the right inner knob to select a K as the first character figure 3 70...

Страница 55: ...first VOR identifier beginning with the letters BM and found BMI Many times you will only have to enter two or three characters of the waypoint identifier and the KLN 89 B will furnish the rest 5 Turn off the cursor B APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm ABA 112 50 åå ånm ABA 112 50 åååååå ARUBA åååååå ARUBA Leg N 12 30 53 Leg N 12 30 53 VOR 1 W 69 56 47 VOR 1 W 69 56 47 Figure 3 73 ...

Страница 56: ... useful if you remember the first part of the identifier or if you wanted to scan all airports that start with a KL for example Let s give it a try To select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor on 1 Select the page type for the waypoint you are looking for APT VOR NDB INT or USR In this case we want the APT 1 page 2 Turn on the cursor B It will appear over the first character of the waypoint id...

Страница 57: ... the identifier for it To select a VOR or NDB by navaid name 1 With the cursor off use the right knobs to select the VOR 1 page figure 3 79 The VOR waypoint in view is not important 2 Press B and then make sure the right inner knob is pushed to the in position 3 With the right outer knob move the cursor over the first character in the VOR name which is being displayed figure 3 80 4 Change this fir...

Страница 58: ...nner knob clock wise scanning through La Crosse Municipal La Grande Union airport and several others Eventually you will arrive at LA GUARDIA figure 3 87 By turning off the cursor B pushing the right APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm ABB 112 40 åå ånm ABB 112 40 åååååå N åååååå NA ABB BB Leg N 38 35 33 Leg N 38 35 33 CRSR W 85 38 16 CRSR W 85 38 16 Figure 3 82 APT VOR NDB INT USR ...

Страница 59: ...ogers World airport Delete City of City of Colorado Springs Municipal Delete Greater Greater Buffalo Int l Delete The The Hartsfield Atlanta Int l 2 Unless the first word is greater than eight characters it is usually not abbreviated 3 Delete most punctuation such as periods and apostrophes 4 Abbreviations for International are INTL INT and IN 5 Abbreviations for Regional are REGL and REG 3 8 NEAR...

Страница 60: ... the near est airport list it will contain the nine nearest airports relative to your location The nearest list is positioned in front of the complete list That is instead of using the G button you may scan backwards turn the right inner knob counterclockwise while in the pulled out position through the complete list to reach the nearest list You will know when you have reached the nearest list be...

Страница 61: ...a 1 Select the SET 6 page and turn on the cursor B 2 Use the right inner knob to select the minimum length runway desired for the airport to qualify for the nearest airport list figure 3 91 Values between 1000 feet and 5000 feet or between 300m and 1500m in 100 foot or meter increments may be selected 3 Rotate the right outer knob clockwise to move the cursor over the runway surface criteria 4 Tur...

Страница 62: ... to always have the nearest airport displayed on the screen To display the nearest airport continuously 1 Display the nearest airport page by pressing G followed by pressing F 2 Turn on the cursor B 3 Rotate the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over 1 figure 3 92 As long as the cursor is left in this position this page will update so that the nearest airport is always shown as the...

Страница 63: ...kly get into the SUA The relative bearing arrow in the middle of this line points to the SUA border telling you if it is directly ahead of you Ç Ç straight off your left wing Ö Ö etc Finally the distance to the SUA is displayed on the right side of line 4 If the aircraft is inside the SUA line 4 will read A C INSIDE SUA if you are above or below the SUA as indicated by the encoding altimeter line ...

Страница 64: ...te frequency NOTE In some areas of the world the KLN 89 B provides the loca tion of the nearest point of communication with a facility providing information INF or radio RDO services Pressing the G button and selecting the FSS option will display two of the nearest points of communication with Flight Service Stations There will normally be two FSS 1 pages one for each of the two points of contact ...

Страница 65: ... Direct To page is chosen by the KLN 89 B according to the following rules 1 If the Flight Plan 0 FPL 0 page is displayed on the screen and the cursor is over one of the waypoint identifiers in FPL 0 when D is pressed then that waypoint identifier will appear on the DIR page You will appreciate this feature when you learn to use flight plans in section 4 2 2 If the KLN 89 B is displaying the NAV 4...

Страница 66: ...ress D The Direct To page is displayed figure 3 100 The cursor will already be on A waypoint identifier may or may not be displayed it doesn t matter at this point 2 Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the desired waypoint s identifier in this case a K figure 3 101 Remember to enter the K C or P prefix for certain airports in North America if required see section 2 3 ICAO ...

Страница 67: ...point page APT VOR NDB INT or SUP on the screen figure 3 107 using one of the three procedures explained in section 3 7 2 Press D The Direct To page is displayed and it contains the desired waypoint identifier figure 3 108 3 Press F The display will revert to the NAV 1 page with the selected waypoint as the Direct To waypoint APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm JJC 396 åå ånm JJC 39...

Страница 68: ...O The primary reason for wanting to cancel Direct To operation is to return to flight plan operation which is described later in section 4 2 4 Combining Direct To and Flight Plan Operation To cancel Direct To operation 1 Press D 2 Press E to blank out the way point identifier field figure 3 109 3 Press F 3 9 3 WAYPOINT ALERTING FOR DIRECT TO OPERATION Approximately 36 seconds prior to reaching a D...

Страница 69: ...n use This is a cyclic field so you can change back and forth between the three options by turning on the cursor B over the second line and pressing the E button The CDI s vertical bar operates like a navigation deviation needle on a conventional CDI or HSI using VOR Localizer navigation An on course indication is displayed when the vertical deviation bar is centered on the triangle in the middle ...

Страница 70: ...doesn t tell you much But this presentation will show you exactly how far off course you are figure 3 116 When the KLN 89 B is not usable for navigation the crosstrack distance will be dashed out figure 3 117 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm KBGR KAUG åå ånm KBGR KAUG åååååå ªªªª ªªªª åååååå ªªªª ªªªª Leg DTK 232 TK 233 Leg DTK 232 TK 233 NAV 1 234 To 0 02 NAV 1 234 To 0 02 Figur...

Страница 71: ...the three options NOTE Due to great circle courses and magnetic variation differ ences between present position and the active waypoint the To bearing and From radial may not be exactly 180 different from each other when the system is in the Leg mode This condition is most likely to occur when long distances are involved and or you are operating in very northerly or southerly latitudes See figure ...

Страница 72: ...gure 3 122 NOTE If you change the reference waypoint change to a page other than the NAV 2 page then turn back to the NAV 2 page the reference waypoint will revert back to a nearby VOR By turning on the cursor B over the first line and pressing E you can change to the latitude and longitude format NOTE Your present position may be stored as a user defined way point by pressing F while viewing the ...

Страница 73: ...he departure time 3 10 4 THE NAVIGATION 4 NAV 4 PAGE The NAV 4 page is a graphical moving map which offers excellent bird s eye view situational awareness to you as the pilot in com mand This page can show you where you are and where you re headed relative to your active flight plan or leg your destination way point s the nearby airports and VORs and even the boundaries of nearby special use airsp...

Страница 74: ...that may be selected on the NAV 4 page a True North up display a desired track up display or an actual track up dis play In addition if the KLN 89 B is interfaced with a source of heading in a compatible format then a heading up presentation may also be selected When the North up display is selected viewing the NAV 4 page is like looking at a navigation chart with North at the top When the desired...

Страница 75: ... km and above 500 NM 925 km The AUTO scale factor feature zooms the map in and out in a useful way so that you don t have to Specifically AUTO chooses the smallest map scale that will display the active waypoint and if there is one the waypoint after the active waypoint Choosing the AUTO scale factor means there is one less item for you to worry about This is espe cially helpful when conducting no...

Страница 76: ...rcraft s position is depicted by an aircraft symbol You may choose to have nearby airports VORs and special use air space SUA displayed on the moving map To do so use the pop up menu by turning on the cursor and selecting Menu When the menu is first displayed the cursor will be on the SUA selec tion field Rotate the right inner knob to select on or off When SUAs are selected the five nearest SUAs ...

Страница 77: ...s pressed By turning the right inner knob it is possible to scan through the waypoints of the active flight plan FPL 0 Turning the knob clockwise will scan through the waypoints in sequence until the end of the flight plan is reached Turning the knob counter clockwise will scan through the active flight plan in reverse order until the beginning of the flight plan is reached Pushing the right inner...

Страница 78: ...s 3 11 1 AIRPORT PAGES 3 11 1 1 The Airport 1 APT 1 Page See figure 3 136 Line 1 The ICAO identifier see section 2 3 of the airport an arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active waypoint The airport elevation above MSL in feet or meters which is rounded to the nearest 10 feet or nearest meter Line 2 The name of the airport Line 3 The city where the airport is located Line 4 The State if the...

Страница 79: ...de of the airport reference point the official location of the airport Line 4 The magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the air port and the distance Placing the cursor over the radial bearing field and pressing E toggles between radial from and bearing to the airport If the airport is being viewed as part of the nearest airports list see section 3 8 1 the APT 2 page format will differ a...

Страница 80: ...he airport in figure 3 141 has overlying Class C airspace The possible environments are CL B Class B airspace CL C Class C airspace CTA Control area TMA Terminal area TRSA Terminal radar service area Line 2 The airport s time difference from UTC during standard time and during daylight time in parentheses Line 3 Fuel types available at the airport This line will be blank if there is no fuel availa...

Страница 81: ...e Airport 4 page Line 1 The ICAO identifier see section 2 3 of the airport an arrow precedes the identifier if it is the active waypoint To the right is the runway designation for the first runway on the page NOTE In some parts of the world runway numbers are based on true runway heading rather than magnetic These runways are prevalent in northern Canada where there is a large magnetic varia tion ...

Страница 82: ...APR approach ASOS automated surface observation system ATF aerodrome traffic frequency ATIS automatic terminal information service AWOS automatic weather observing station CL B class B airspace formerly terminal control area VFR frequency CL C class C airspace formerly airport radar service area VFR frequency CLR clearance delivery CTA control area VFR frequency used outside the U S CTAF common tr...

Страница 83: ...dial from KMCO Orlando International Airport for altitudes at and below 5500 feet In a few cases APR DEP CL B CL C CTA and TMA frequencies are sectorized such that the restrictions cannot be displayed on a sin gle page When this occurs the following message is displayed on the APT 5 page Text Of Freq Use Not Displayed 3 11 1 6 The Airport 6 APT 6 Page See figure 4 145 Line 1 The ICAO identifier se...

Страница 84: ...D and STAR procedures are available then there will be two APT 7 pages indicated by APT 7 figure 3 150 If there are no SID or STAR procedures in the data base then this page will be as shown in figure 3 151 The details of this page are presented in section 5 2 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm KLIT åå ånm KLIT åååååå åååååå G G Leg Leg CRSR CRSR Figure 3 147 APT VOR NDB INT USR AC...

Страница 85: ... listed in alphabetical order If there are more than three IAPs the final one in the list is on line 4 of the screen To scan through the IAPs that are not in view turn on the cursor B and turn the right outer knob clockwise The different types of IAPs with examples are GPS 27 GPS approach LORAN 4 LORAN approach RNAV 2L RNAV approach TACAN 24 TACAN approach VOR 15 Straight in VOR approach VOR B Cir...

Страница 86: ... distance Placing the cursor over the radial bearing field and pressing E toggles between radial from and bearing to station 3 11 2 2 The VOR 2 Page See figure 3 156 Line 1 The VOR identifier preceded by an arrow if it is the active waypoint Line 2 The published magnetic station declination of the VOR Magnetic station declination is another way to say the published mag netic variation for the VOR ...

Страница 87: ...and line 4 displays the magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the NDB and the distance Placing the cursor over the radial bearing field and pressing E toggles between radial from and bearing to station 3 11 3 2 The NDB 2 Page See figure 3 159 Line 1 The NDB identifier preceded by an arrow if it is the active waypoint Line 4 The magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the NDB and ...

Страница 88: ... Line 1 The intersection identifier preceded by an arrow if it is the active waypoint Line 2 The identifier of the intersection s reference waypoint When this page is first viewed the reference waypoint is the nearest VOR to the intersection The reference waypoint may be changed by the pilot However once you leave this page and come back the refer ence waypoint reverts back to a nearby VOR Line 3 ...

Страница 89: ... active waypoint Lines 2 3 The latitude and longitude of the user defined waypoint Line 4 The magnetic bearing to or the magnetic radial from the user defined waypoint and the distance Placing the cursor over the radial bearing field and pressing E toggles between radial from and bearing to station 3 11 5 3 The User 2 USR 2 Page See figure 3 164 Line 1 The user defined waypoint identifier preceded...

Страница 90: ...he cursor fills line 2 of the screen figure 3 166 2 Select the desired character if any and move the cursor to the next character on the line figure 3 167 3 Repeat step 2 as necessary 4 Press F to approve each line of remarks The cursor will automatically move to the next line see figure 3 168 5 Turn the cursor off when you are finished creating the remark The Other 5 OTH 5 page is a list of waypo...

Страница 91: ...ting on the ALT 1 page each time you make a change to the aircraft s altimeter setting To Change the Baro Setting 1 Press A The ALT 1 page will be displayed with the cursor over the altimeter baro setting field figure 3 169 NOTE The SET 8 page figure 3 170 is used to set the unit of measure for various parameters The altimeter barometric setting can be set to inches of Mercury millibars mB or hec ...

Страница 92: ...pesen defines a reference point as a natural Peak Knoll Hill etc or man made Tower Stack Tank Building etc object Jeppesen states the following about the Grid Minimum Off Route altitude Grid MORA values clear all reference points by 1000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5000 feet MSL or lower MORA values clear all reference points by 2000 feet in areas where the highest refer e...

Страница 93: ... use of data base informa tion that depend on having the proper time and date NOTE You will not be able to update the time or date if the KLN 89 B is receiving a time and date from a satellite To set the date on the SET 2 page 1 Select the SET 2 page figure 3 173 2 Turn on the cursor The cursor will be over the entire date field figure 3 174 3 Select the correct day of the month with the right inn...

Страница 94: ...åå ånm DATE 18 NOV 95 åååååå TIME 1430 30 åååååå TIME 1430 30 MST MST Leg Leg Mountain Std Mountain Std CRSR Mag Var AUTO CRSR Mag Var AUTO Figure 3 178 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm DATE 18 NOV 95 åå ånm DATE 18 NOV 95 åååååå TIME 1430 30 åååååå TIME 1430 30 MDT MDT Leg Leg Mountain Day Mountain Day CRSR Mag Var AUTO CRSR Mag Var AUTO Figure 3 179 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV ...

Страница 95: ... your location such that sufficient geometry exists to determine an accurate position The satellite constellation geometry is continually changing as each satellite rises travels across the sky and eventually sets relative to your position The GPS satellites are not in geosynchronous orbits positioned over the same spot on earth at all times like some television communication satellites with which...

Страница 96: ...S derived altitude for navigation Due to Selective Availability position degradation and other fac tors the GPS altitude is normally 300 feet or more in error which is unacceptable for vertical navigation Lines 3 and 4 of the OTH 1 page dis play the KLN 89 B s estimated position error The KLN 89 B s posi tion error depends upon such factors as the number of satellites being received the strength o...

Страница 97: ...th Sg for each satellite is displayed next and indicates the signal strength for each satellite in the range of 0 zero to 9 nine The higher the value the stronger the signal The elevation El above the horizon for each satellite is provided in the right column and will range from 5 to 90 The local azimuth Az of the satellite relative to your present position referenced to true north rather than mag...

Страница 98: ... deletion figure 3 192 3 14 2 2 The OTH 5 Page An example of an OTH 5 page is shown in figure 3 193 All waypoints with remarks are listed in alphanumeric order Remarks can be stored for airports on the APT 3 page or user defined waypoints on the USR 3 page If the way APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm User Waypoints åå ånm User Waypoints åååååå åååååå LAKE LAKE Leg MYRWY 0 Leg MYRW...

Страница 99: ...hese annunciators are optional it is desirable to have them mounted in the pilot s normal scan area so that these annunciators are easily seen A typical annunciator is shown in figure 3 197 however actual annunciation abbrevi ations and configurations may be different The remote waypoint alert annunciator is on whenever waypoint alerting is occurring See sections 3 9 3 Waypoint Alerting for Direct...

Страница 100: ...n the KLN 89 B configuration module As the pilot your two options are to have the voltage alert disabled or to have it enabled with the predefined voltage and time delay values To enable the voltage alert feature 1 Select the SET 10 page figure 3 198 and turn on the cursor B 2 Turn the right inner knob to enable the alert feature The alert voltage and alert delay will be displayed on lines 2 and 3...

Страница 101: ...tions Area MOA Prohibited Area PROH Restricted Area REST Training Area TRNG Warning Area WARN Terminal Radar Service Area TRSA The KLN 89 B will normally alert you prior to entering one of these areas with a message prompt When the Message page is viewed it will display Airspace Alert and will also display the name and type of the special use airspace figure 3 200 If the special use airspace is a ...

Страница 102: ... A button to display the Altitude 1 ALT 1 page figure 3 202 The right inner knob is used to change the altimeter setting When the setting is complete press A twice to return to the page previ ously in view CAUTION Failure to keep the altimeter baro setting updated will result in inaccurate special use airspace alerting If this fea ture is used it is a good idea to update the altimeter baro setting...

Страница 103: ...r figure 3 206 The buffer may be selected in one hundred foot or ten meter increments After the desired selection has been made turn the B off The vertical buffer serves to stretch the SUA area in both directions up and down by the selected buffer altitude For example let s say you have selected a buffer of 1 000 feet and the actual SUA area exists from 5 000 feet MSL to 12 000 feet MSL In this ca...

Страница 104: ... and date Enter the altimeter baro setting Position the cursor over Ok and press F to approve the Initialization page 3 Read the Data Base page and acknowledge it by pressing F 4 The APT 5 page for Adams field KLIT which shows the com munications frequencies is now displayed on the screen since KLIT was the active waypoint when you last removed power from the KLN 89 B The first APT 5 page indicate...

Страница 105: ...e trip and a minimum safe altitude for our present position of 3400 feet 3 After departure control has directed squawk 1200 frequency change approved you decide it would be a good idea to obtain VFR flight following To obtain the frequency for Center press the G button move the cursor to the CTR selection and press F The KLN 89 B indicates that for our position we should be able to contact Memphis...

Страница 106: ...r arrival Viewing the APT 5 page for KAUS you determine that the ATIS frequency is 119 20 MHz and tower is 121 00 MHz 2 A few minutes later the message prompt begins flashing When you press C the message page advises Airspace Alert Austin CL C Below 4600 ft See KAUS freq Press CLR The Special Use Airspace Alert feature has determined that you are within 10 minutes of penetrating the Austin Class C...

Страница 107: ...Basic GPS Operation 3 74 Basic GPS Operation Chapter 3 This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 108: ...bered flight plans If desired a flight plan can be created directly in the active flight plan This avoids creating the flight plan in a numbered flight plan and then having to activate it The disadvantage is that if a numbered flight plan is subsequently made active the one programmed directly into FPL 0 will be lost Modifications may be made to FPL 0 without affecting the way it is stored as a nu...

Страница 109: ...ter 6 Use the above procedure to select the entire identifier for the first waypoint figure 4 3 7 Press F A waypoint page for the identifier just entered will be displayed on the screen figure 4 4 If a mistake was made and the wrong waypoint identifier was entered press E and begin again If no mistake was made but the waypoint identifier just entered isn t in the data base a page allowing creation...

Страница 110: ... entry of the next waypoint 10 When all of the waypoints have been entered in the flight plan the right outer knob may be rotated to move the cursor up and down and manually scroll through the waypoints making up this flight plan This is useful if the flight plan contains four or more waypoints since not all of the waypoints can be displayed at one time When the right outer knob is rotated counter...

Страница 111: ...dditional E press cycles back to Dis 4 1 3 ACTIVATING A NUMBERED FLIGHT PLAN To activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans 1 Use the right outer and inner knobs to select the desired flight plan page figure 4 10 2 Press B to turn on the cursor It will appear over Use figure 4 11 If you haven t left the numbered flight plan since creating this flight plan rotate the outer knob cou...

Страница 112: ...ou wish to insert GPT in the number 2 position in front of SJI move the cursor over SJI figure 4 14 3 Use the inner knob to enter the first character of the waypoint being inserted As you begin to turn the knob the existing waypoint in this position automatically jumps down to the next position In this case SJI automatically moves to waypoint 3 and KPIE changes to waypoint 8 figure 4 15 KLN 89 KLN...

Страница 113: ...ioned figure 4 21 5 Turn off the cursor B Advanced GPS Operation 4 6 Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm Use Inverted åå ånm Use Inverted åååååå 1 KNEW Dis åååååå 1 KNEW Dis Leg 2 Leg 2 GP GPT T CRSR 8 KPIE CRSR 8 KPIE Figure 4 16 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm åå ånm GPT GPT 109 90 109 90 åååååå GULFPORT åååååå GULFPORT Leg N 30 ...

Страница 114: ...ed in section 4 1 6 Deleting Flight Plans to clear a flight plan which is no longer required 2 Turn on the cursor B It will appear over the blank first waypoint position figure 4 25 3 Rotate the right outer knob coun terclockwise to position the cursor over Copy FPL 0 figure 4 26 KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4 7 Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FP...

Страница 115: ...mode it has been tricked into thinking it is receiving signals and there fore the symbol can be displayed Also the symbol will not be displayed if Direct To navigation is occurring and the Direct To waypoint is not in FPL 0 If in doubt as to whether or not Direct To operation is occurring view the NAV 1 page If the top line shows the symbol figure 4 29 instead of a from waypoint figure 4 30 then D...

Страница 116: ...ht plan figure 4 32 4 2 2 TURN ANTICIPATION AND WAYPOINT ALERTING Prior to reaching a waypoint in the active flight plan the KLN 89 B will provide navigation along a curved path segment to ensure a smooth transi tion between two adjacent legs in the flight plan That is the CDI or HSI left right deviation will be referenced to the dashed line in figure 4 33 This feature is called turn anticipation ...

Страница 117: ...n anticipation Turn anticipation becomes inactive when transition to the next leg has been made If desired turn anticipation may be disabled or enabled on the Setup SET 4 page by pressing the B button and then rotating the right inner knob to change back and forth between ENABLED figure 4 36 and DISABLED figure 4 37 If turn anticipation is disabled navigation is provided all the way to the way poi...

Страница 118: ... knob may be pushed back to the in position and rotated to display any of the other waypoint pages for that waypoint figure 4 41 3 Pulling the knob back out will allow further scanning of the waypoints in the active flight plan 4 2 4 COMBINING DIRECT TO AND FLIGHT PLAN OPERATION It is very common when using flight plan operation to use the Direct To function to proceed directly to a waypoint which...

Страница 119: ...hange to the Direct To Page figure 4 43 with the identifier of the selected waypoint 4 Press F to approve the Direct To The NAV 1 page will be displayed figure 4 44 reflecting the new active waypoint 5 If you now turn back to the FPL 0 page you will see that the active waypoint is now preceded by an arrow only instead of the symbol figure 4 45 This is because there is no from waypoint in the fligh...

Страница 120: ...es of the E button will cycle through ETE in hours minutes figure 4 47 ETA in terms of the system time zone figure 4 48 magnetic Dtk figure 4 49 then back to Dis NOTE When the cursor is over the cyclic field and it is displaying the ETA time zone turning the right inner knob changes the system time zone figure 4 50 KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4 13 Advanced GPS Operation Cha...

Страница 121: ...dify the baro setting To Use Altitude Alerting 1 Select the Setup SET 9 page and turn on the cursor B It will come on over the Alert field If OFF is displayed turn the right inner knob to select ON figure 4 52 2 Select a warn altitude deviation by positioning the cursor over the Warn field Use the right inner knob to select the desired value figure 4 53 It is selectable in one hundred foot increme...

Страница 122: ... aircraft s actual altitude if the altitude input to the KLN 89 B is from an altitude encoder because these encoders only provide altitude in 100 foot increments 7 The cursor should be positioned on the selected or to altitude field figure 4 56 Enter the selected altitude using the right inner knob figure 4 57 8 Press A to return to the page which was previously displayed Notice that when you are ...

Страница 123: ...tude input If the altitude input is from an altitude encoder or from an air data computer not having a baro altitude output then it will be neces sary for you to manually input the proper altimeter setting in order to get accurate alerting Remember the altitude coming from an encoder is pressure altitude and must be corrected with the proper altimeter setting to convert to actual altitude This alt...

Страница 124: ...attern altitude of 1900 feet MSL To use VNAV on a Direct To 1 Select the ALT 2 page by pressing the A button twice figure 4 59 The aircraft s actu al altitude 7500 feet is displayed on the left side of line 2 If the displayed altitude is incorrect it is probably because you have not recently updated the KLN 89 B s altimeter baro setting on the ALT 1 page see section 3 3 NOTE There may be some diff...

Страница 125: ...ect your anticipated groundspeed for the descent figure 4 62 remembering that it may increase from your current groundspeed when you start descending Notice that the bottom right corner of the ALT 2 page now displays a verti cal speed If you wish to start your descent now using the displayed ver tical speed use the outer knob to position the cursor over the vertical speed field figure 4 63 VNAV op...

Страница 126: ...time to begin descent the message prompt will flash When you view the Message page it will display Vnv Alert This is notification for you to view the ALT 2 or NAV 1 page see section 4 4 3 because it is getting close to the time to begin your descent 8 When the countdown timer reaches 0 00 the time will be replaced with an advisory altitude figure 4 65 Begin your descent at a rate such that the alt...

Страница 127: ...ertical ascent or descent refer encing this waypoint or you may use the right inner knob to cycle through the waypoints in the active flight plan FPL 0 which are still in front of the aircraft s position When another valid waypoint in the flight plan is entered on the ALT 2 page the aircraft s lateral flight path is not altered This means that you may program a vertical flight path having an ascen...

Страница 128: ... pages are used for trip planning and calculation of a variety of flight related information They are convenient both on the ground before you begin your flight and in the air Data entered on any of the Calculator pages has no effect on naviga tion data provided on any Navigation NAV or Flight Plan FPL pages You may perform trip calculations without disturbing ongoing navigation NOTE The Calculato...

Страница 129: ...ayed on line 2 and the distance will be displayed on line 3 6 Use the right outer knob to move the cursor over the groundspeed field on line 4 7 Select your estimated groundspeed for the trip As you change it the estimated time en route ETE calculation will be updated figure 4 72 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm Wpt Fr KLGA åå ånm Wpt Fr KLGA åååååå 217 To åååååå 217 To KCL KCLE ...

Страница 130: ...ion can often be found for given cruise power settings in a performance section of the Pilot s Operating Handbook for the aircraft The units for fuel are not specified on this page but the units of time are always hours This means that you can use gallons per hour pounds per hour kilograms per hour etc Like with the CAL 1 page the fuel calculations can be done from waypoint to waypoint including p...

Страница 131: ...fuel reserve requirement field and enter the desired value As you do watch the calculation of fuel required on line 4 change figure 4 80 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm Wpt Fr P Pos åå ånm Wpt Fr P Pos åååååå åååååå 105 105kt To KSUS kt To KSUS Leg FF 010 Res 005 Leg FF 010 Res 005 CRSR Fuel Req 26 CRSR Fuel Req 26 Figure 4 77 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm W...

Страница 132: ...ts must carry through the calculations 7 Move the cursor to the fuel reserve requirement field and enter the desired value As you do watch the calculation of fuel required on line 4 change figure 4 82 4 5 3 THE CALCULATOR 3 CAL 3 PAGE The CAL 3 page may be used to set a timed alarm Instances where you might want to use it include as a reminder to switch between left and right fuel tanks or maybe j...

Страница 133: ...sing the right inner knob to select the desired value figure 4 85 3 Use the right outer knob to move the cursor to the Baro field and then use the right inner knob to enter the current altimeter setting figure 4 86 The pressure altitude Prs is now displayed NOTE The altimeter baro set units may be changed between inches millibars and hectopascals on the SET 8 page see section 3 3 APT VOR NDB INT U...

Страница 134: ...ment through the air For the airspeeds of most piston aircraft the difference between static air temperature and the observed air temperature or total air temperature is negligible The density altitude Den is now displayed NOTE If a compatible air data system is interfaced to the KLN89 B the Other 12 OTH 12 page displays pressure and density altitude directly for the present conditions 4 5 6 THE C...

Страница 135: ...side air temperature gauge found on most piston air craft is total air temperature Since the difference between static air temperature and the observed air temperature or total air temperature is usually negligible any temperature entered on the CAL 5 page is transferred to this page The true airspeed TAS is now displayed NOTE If a compatible air data system is interfaced to the KLN89 B true airsp...

Страница 136: ...8 PAGE The CAL 8 page is used to determine the times of sunrise and sunset for any waypoint in the published or user data base To calculate sunrise sunset times 1 Select the CAL 8 page figure 4 93 The first time the CAL 8 page is selected after the KLN89 B is turned on the waypoint identifier defaults to the cur rent destination the date defaults to the current date and the time zone defaults to t...

Страница 137: ...e locations of the fields he or she dusts often There are three ways to create a user defined waypoint If you happen to know the latitude and longitude of the point that is one option The waypoint can also be defined as a radial and distance from another waypoint A third choice is just to store your present position under the identifier you have chosen NOTE Whenever you are in a waypoint entry sit...

Страница 138: ...es the cursor around 3 Spell out the rest of the identifier using the right inner and outer knobs figure 4 100 4 Press F The USR 1 page for your new waypoint will be displayed with its latitude and lon gitude figure 4 101 The cursor is turned off automatically KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4 31 Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ån...

Страница 139: ...nd 3 Spell out the rest of the identifier using the right inner and outer knobs figure 4 105 4 Move the cursor down to the second line over User Pos L L figure 4 106 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm åå ånm L LAKE AKE åååååå N 33 27 42 åååååå N 33 27 42 Leg W115 36 81 Leg W115 36 81 CRSR 201 To 651nm CRSR 201 To 651nm Figure 4 103 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm...

Страница 140: ...ght inner knob to select the first character of the identifier Remember that when the cursor is on the right inner KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4 33 Advanced GPS Operation Chapter 4 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm FARM åå ånm FARM åååååå N 42 56 32 åååååå N 42 56 32 Leg Leg W 76 29 9 W 76 29 95 5 CRSR To nm CRSR To nm Figure 4 110 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT N...

Страница 141: ...screen APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm FCTRY åå ånm FCTRY åååååå Ref åååååå Ref OJ OJC C Leg Rad ___ _ Leg Rad ___ _ CRSR Dis ___ _nm CRSR Dis ___ _nm Figure 4 115 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH åå ånm åå ånm OJC OJC 113 00 113 00 åååååå JOHNSON CO åååååå JOHNSON CO Leg N 38 50 44 Leg N 38 50 44 VOR 1 W 94 44 21 VOR 1 W 94 44 21 Figure 4 116 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT ...

Страница 142: ...t displays the selected magnetic course figure 4 120 4 7 1 SELECTING THE LEG MODE OR THE OBS MODE To change course modes 1 Press the H button 2 If the KLN 89 B was previously in the Leg mode it will now be in the OBS mode and vice versa 4 7 2 THE LEG MODE The following are the characteristics of the Leg Mode 1 The default course deviation indicator CDI sensitivity is plus and minus five nautical m...

Страница 143: ...rack will probably change only a few degrees 3 Automatic waypoint sequencing is provided during flight plan operation As you reach a waypoint in your flight plan the next leg of the flight plan automatically becomes active There are some situations during approach operations in which automatic leg sequencing is automatically disabled See Chapter 5 4 Turn anticipation may be utilized in flight plan...

Страница 144: ...ct OBS mode by pressing the H button If already in OBS mode turn on the cursor B The cursor will automatically be turned on over the OBS selected course field figure 4 121 2 Turn the right inner knob until the correct selected course is displayed figure 4 122 3 Turn off the cursor B NOTE The above procedures apply to ORS 02 software For ORS 01 software the cursor does not automatically come on whe...

Страница 145: ...o the OBS mode This value should normally be the desired track to the active waypoint if you had the external indica tor set to the correct value prior to switching to the OBS mode ii If the KLN 89 B is not displayed on the external indicator then the selected course is chosen such that the deviation from the selected course remains the same 3 If the OBS value chosen by default from rule 2 above i...

Страница 146: ...e the OBS value In these situ ations the KLN 89 B will provide a scratchpad message that will tell you what OBS value should be selected to go direct to the active waypoint figure 4 123 4 7 7 ACTIVATING A WAYPOINT WHILE IN THE OBS MODE While in the OBS mode you may activate another waypoint by using the normal Direct To method or by using a second method This sec ond method activates another waypo...

Страница 147: ...sible to select a CDI scale factor which is plus or minus 5 NM 1 NM or 0 3 NM full scale deflection This means that if the scale factor was 1 NM and the needle was deflected full scale to the right the aircraft would be 1 NM left of course The default CDI scale factor is 5 NM To change the CDI scale factor 1 Select the NAV 1 page 2 Turn on the cursor B It will appear over the second line of the NA...

Страница 148: ...Shadin Company ARNAV Systems Inc and Sheltech Ltd May be interfaced with the KLN 89 B The primary benefit of having the KLN 89 B interfaced with a real time fuel management computer is that the system can continuously compute the amount of fuel required to reach the destination and the amount of fuel that will be on board upon reaching the destination The concept is the following The fuel manageme...

Страница 149: ...play fuel management information for KLN 89 B s interfaced with compatible fuel management computers If there is no fuel management computer inter face these fuel management pages are not displayed 4 8 1 THE OTHER 7 OTH 7 PAGE The OTH 7 pages display the following information figures 4 131 and 4 132 The destination waypoint the final waypoint in FPL 0 or a direct to waypoint if the waypoint is not...

Страница 150: ...he landing fuel on board Ldg Fuel OB is the fuel presently on board minus the fuel required to reach the destination The second OTH 7 page displays The desired fuel reserve You may enter here the amount of reserve fuel you wish to have upon landing The fuel must be entered in the same units as displayed on the first line To enter the reserve press the left B and use the right inner knob to select ...

Страница 151: ...e figure 4 137 or a single engine figure 4 138 4 9 THE AIR DATA PAGES Specific models of Shadin Company air data systems may be interfaced to the KLN 89 B When interfaced with one of these systems the KLN 89 B will display real time air data parame ters such as true airspeed TAS static air temperature SAT total air temperature TAT Mach number density altitude and pressure altitude With a TAS input...

Страница 152: ...ion They are independent of the CAL 4 CAL 5 CAL 6 and CAL 7 pages which rely on manual pilot inputs to calculate air data information 4 9 1 THE OTHER 11 OTH 11 PAGE Without a fuel management system this becomes the OTH 7 page The follow ing information is displayed figure 4 139 TAS True airspeed the true speed of an aircraft through the surrounding air mass Mach Mach number the ratio of the true a...

Страница 153: ...ferenced to true North unless a manual input of magnetic variation is made on the SET 2 page The following message will be displayed on the Message page Magnetic Var Invalid Nav Data Referenced To True North A user defined magnetic variation may be entered on line 4 of the SET 2 page When a user entered magnetic variation of 0 degrees is being used the following message will be displayed on the Me...

Страница 154: ...ve the cursor over the numerical field on line 4 figure 4 142 3 Press the E button to toggle the magnetic variation cycles field from automatic to manual if required ORS 02 only figure 4 143 4 Use the right knobs to select the magnetic variation from 0 to 99 degrees 5 Move the flashing part of the cursor to the E W east west field and select whether the magnetic variation is easterly or westerly f...

Страница 155: ...r 2000 or to place an order con tact Lone Star Aviation Corp 1306 Tatum Drive Arlington TX 76012 Phone 817 548 7768 FAX 817 261 8692 When the KLN 89 B is in the take home mode it performs as if it is receiving adequate satellite signals to determine its position It displays the latitude and longitude of its last known position or of whatever posi tion it is initialized to on the Setup 1 SET 1 page...

Страница 156: ...IFR conditions CAUTION The KLN 89B obtains approach information from the data base Therefore it is extremely important that the data base is current The KLN 89B is approved for IFR non precision approaches only when the data base is current If you attempt to select an approach when the data base is out of date you will be given the status line message D Base Expire in the bottom left portion of th...

Страница 157: ...The normal way is that this mode will be selected automatically by the KLN 89B when the aircraft is within 30 NM of an airport and an approach is loaded in the flight plan for that airport It is possible to arm the approach mode at a distance greater than 30 NM from the airport by pressing the exter nal GPS approach switch but the KLN 89B will not change the CDI scale factor until the aircraft rea...

Страница 158: ...NoPT arrival route Radar vectors requires OBS mode Procedure turn or holding pattern requires OBS mode DME arc 17 35 1 4 3 2 MAP FAF IAF ARP Approach Arm CDI Scale Factor 1 0 nm CDI Scale Factor 5 0 nm CDI Scale Factor constant at 0 3 nm CDI Scale Factor changing from 1 0 nm to 0 3 nm 70 3 0 n m 2 n m Transition to approach ACTV if LEG mode is selected Integrity checks OK Aircraft heading towards ...

Страница 159: ...n to change to the ARM mode by initiating a direct to operation or by changing to OBS mode WARNING It is not approved to conduct the final portion of the approach unless the KLN 89B is in the approach active mode ACTV on external annunciator 6 Fly to the Missed Approach Point position E in figure 5 1 The KLN 89B will not automatically sequence to the next waypoint You must manually change to the a...

Страница 160: ...ve the cursor to different approaches figure 5 3 If there are more than 3 approaches to an airport you can move the cur sor down to scroll the other procedures into view by rotating the right outer knob 4 With the flashing cursor over VOR 25R press F 5 The KLN 89B will present a list of Initial Approach Fixes IAFs corresponding to this approach In this example we want the ELMOO IAF Select this by ...

Страница 161: ... up the approach procedure are loaded into the flight plan At the top of the list of approach waypoints is a head er that describes the approach that follows An example of this is shown on line 1 of figure 5 7 which indicates that the VOR 25R approach for Los Angeles International Airport is in the active flight plan FPL 0 After the approach has been entered into the flight plan the KLN 89B checks...

Страница 162: ...8 radial The fifth waypoint in the approach pro cedure MA25B is another type of terminal waypoint In this case this point is the missed approach point for runway 25 This approach applies to both the left and right runways so the letter B is used to mean both There are few other types of terminal waypoints that you will need to be familiar with to fully understand GPS non precision approaches The n...

Страница 163: ...and some Jeppesen charts do not show the special ter minal waypoints that are required for GPS approaches For this reason it is a good idea to understand what the special waypoints are used for and what they mean You may have also noticed that some waypoints have a small letter at the end of the waypoint name The small letter is an aid that we have added to the name of some waypoints to help you r...

Страница 164: ... the entire approach from the flight plan To replace an existing approach or delete an approach 1 With the left page displaying the active flight plan FPL 0 turn the cursor on by pressing B figure 5 9 2 Move the cursor so that it covers the approach header at the top of the approach procedure Once the cursor comes over the approach header it will automatically change to read CHANGE APPR figure 5 1...

Страница 165: ...e looks like For this example it is assumed that you are on an active flight plan with the final destination being the Los Angeles International airport KLAX It is also assumed that ATC will not give you radar vectors during this approach 1 Load the VOR 25R approach to KLAX as demonstrated in sec tion 5 1 1 2 When you are within 30 NM of the airport the KLN 89B will auto matically arm the approach...

Страница 166: ...nd SID STARs Chapter 5 3 As you approach ELMOO the KLN 89B will provide waypoint alerting on the external annunciator as well as on the screen of the KLN 89B Once you pass ELMOO the KLN 89B will auto matically sequence to the next waypoint in the approach LAX18 Figure 5 12 ...

Страница 167: ... NM from FREBY figure 5 14 the Final Approach Fix the KLN 89B will make a prediction to see if integrity will be available at the FAF and at the MAP If the pre diction indicates that integrity monitoring will be available and RAIM is currently available the KLN 89B will change the GPS APR annunciator to read ACTV At this time the KLN 89B will also start to change the CDI scale factor By the time t...

Страница 168: ...d missed approach procedure press D to bring up the direct to page The default waypoint will be the first waypoint of the missed approach procedure In this case the first waypoint is LAX Confirm this waypoint as the direct to waypoint and press F 12 Upon reaching LAX the KLN 89B will sequence to the next way point in the missed approach procedure INISH In this example there is no holding pattern p...

Страница 169: ...ort navaid An example of this is the VOR RWY 22 approach to Clovis New Mexico Municipal airport KCVN To fly this procedure as published use the following steps and refer to figure 5 16 for the procedure For this example assume that the aircraft is Approaches and SID STARs 5 14 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5 16 ...

Страница 170: ...re approach ing TXO within the indicated area there is no need to perform a course reversal and you need to ignore this message The NoPT sector is not stored in the data base so it is not possible for the KLN 89B to know if a course reversal is required or not as a result the KLN 89B will always give this message whenever a waypoint could be used for a course reversal The KLN 89B will properly seq...

Страница 171: ...mode 6 When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF the KLN 89B will verify that the proper integrity is available If integrity monitoring is available for the approach then the KLN 89B will change to the Approach Active mode This will be annunciated on the external approach status annunciator as well as on the KLN 89B The CDI scale factor will also start to change from 1 0 NM to 0 3 NM 7 Upon reaching ...

Страница 172: ...u will need to select OBS mode to stop waypoint sequencing and define the inbound course for the holding pattern If you do not select the OBS mode before the aircraft is within 4 NM of the holding point then the KLN 89B presents a message reminding you to select the OBS mode NOTE If another attempt at the approach is desired after holding it is necessary to manually change the active waypoint When...

Страница 173: ... exam ple the inbound course is 241 It is now possible to watch your progress on the NAV 4 page and anticipate when you will be given new headings to fly figure 5 18 4 Once established on the inbound course you will need to change back to the Leg mode to allow for proper approach operation and automatic leg sequencing For best performance the change back to Leg mode should be made before the aircr...

Страница 174: ... AIRPORT NAVAID Another common type of approach is an approach that is based on an on airport navaid These could be either VOR or NDB approach es An example of this type of approach is the VOR RWY 24 approach to Bowman airport in Louisville Kentucky Figure 5 19 The airport identifier for this airport is KLOU Figure 5 19 ...

Страница 175: ...ne by pulling out on the right inner knob and scanning until FF24f is displayed in the win dow figure 5 20 and press D Since the course to FF22f is already defined press D a sec ond time to ACTIVATE this waypoint instead of going direct to it 5 With the OBS mode selected and FF24 as the active waypoint it is possible to fly the procedure turn Allow enough distance past FF24 to complete the procedu...

Страница 176: ...x The leg from the final approach fix to the missed approach point will become active and the CDI scale factor will remain at 0 3 NM If the AUTO scale factor was selected on the NAV 4 page then the scale factor will zoom in on the airport as the aircraft gets closer and closer to the missed approach point Eventually the map scale changes to 1 NM The following steps are followed if a missed approac...

Страница 177: ...e for KOWA to select the approach You select the VOR 12 approach and the KLN 89B presents the IAF selection page figure 5 21 2 There are five choices for the IAF Three of these choices you can recognize but the other two D040L and D220L are unfamil iar and not shown on this chart These two waypoints are the data base identifiers for the ends of the arc D040L means DME arc point 040 is the radial o...

Страница 178: ...utside of the defined arc then the KLN 89B will default to the beginning of the arc KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Approaches and SID STARs 5 23 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5 22 APT VOR NDB INT USR ACT NAV FPL CAL SET OTH íê ínm VOR 12 KOWA íê ínm VOR 12 KOWA KOWA 1 D011Li KOWA 1 D011Li Leg 5 FOWh Leg 5 FOWh CRSR CRSR ADD TO FPL 0 ADD TO FPL 0 Figure 5 23 ...

Страница 179: ...e NAV 4 page displays the entire arc on the screen The por tion that is between the beginning of the arc and the arc intercept is drawn with a dashed line The part that is between the arc inter cept point and the end of the arc is drawn with the normal solid line figure 5 24 7 In some cases ATC may provide radar vectors to the arc The KLN 89B provides a means to define a new intercept point based ...

Страница 180: ... It is not possible to change this to something else while on the arc The value dis played for the desired track will flash when the difference between the CDI or HSI and the current desired track is greater than 10 11 Some DME arcs have defined radials that serve as step down fixes These points are not stored in the data base To help you determine your position relative to these step down points ...

Страница 181: ...M When the aircraft reaches this point figure 5 26 and the run way environment is in sight it is possible to descend for a landing If a missed approach is needed use the following steps 15 The missed approach calls for a climb to 2000 and then a left turn direct to FOW The KLN 89B will not automatically sequence past the MAP 16 Once 2000 feet has been reached press D the missed approach holding po...

Страница 182: ...ovides a means for you to predict when RAIM will be available To perform a RAIM prediction on the OTH 3 page two pieces of infor mation are needed The first is the location that the prediction will be for and the second is the time for the prediction The destination waypoint will by default be the missed approach point of an approach loaded in the flight plan If there is no approach in the flight ...

Страница 183: ...from 15 minutes before ETA until 5 minutes after ETA However RAIM is predict ed not to be available from then until 15 minutes after the ETA By showing the times when RAIM will be available it is possible for you to how to alter your ETA to ensure that there will not be any RAIM problems Even more rare will be the case when the KLN 89B cannot provide sufficient integrity monitoring or if there is ...

Страница 184: ...e main purpose of loading a SID or a STAR into the active flight plan is to provide you with a quick way of loading a potentially large number of waypoints SID and STAR procedures can be as challenging to fly as some approaches are Therefore it is mandatory that you are comfortable with the operation of the KLN 89B before attempting to fly SID and STAR procedures In particular flight plan operatio...

Страница 185: ...ssing B and rotate the right outer knob until the flashing cursor is over PORTE9 figure 5 33 With the cursor over PORTE9 press F 4 The KLN 89B will now ask which runway that you will be using For this example select RW01B figure 5 34 and press F The B stands for Both so selecting RW01B means it is applicable to runways 1L and 1R Approaches and SID STARs 5 30 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 APT ...

Страница 186: ... as an example of how to select a STAR This STAR is to the Dallas Fort Worth International airport KDFW To select a STAR 1 Select KDFW on one of the airport pages figure 5 38 If you are operating from an active flight plan you can use the ACT 7 page for KDFW by scanning through the active flight plan see section 4 2 3 2 Turn to the APT 7 page for KDFW Make sure that STAR is displayed in the upper ...

Страница 187: ... STAR procedures are deleted from FPL 0 after the power is off for more than 5 minutes 5 2 3 EDITING A SID OR STAR From the proceeding two examples you may have noticed that SID and STAR procedures have procedure headers just as approaches do It is possible to use these headers to delete and change the entire procedure just like is done with approach procedures One dif ference between SID and STAR...

Страница 188: ...a second time to confirm the waypoint page The new waypoint is added to the waypoints that make up the SID or STAR procedure To delete an individual waypoint in a SID or STAR procedure 1 Use the right knobs to select the FPL 0 page 2 Rotate the right outer knob to place the cursor over the waypoint to be deleted 3 Press E The letters DEL delete will appear to the left of the identifier and a quest...

Страница 189: ...cribed in section 5 2 1 2 The procedure states Intercept and proceed via SFO R 350 cross the 4 DME fix at or above 1600 To accomplish this por tion of the SID put the KLN 89B into the OBS mode with SFO04 as the active waypoint and make 350 the selected course It is easiest to accomplish these steps before take off SFO04 is the waypoint that is 4 DME from the SFO VORTAC and 350 is the inbound cours...

Страница 190: ...KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Approaches and SID STARs 5 35 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5 43 ...

Страница 191: ...quired to fly Acton Four arrival to Dallas Fort Worth International will be shown in this section This procedure is considerably simpler than the SID example shown in section 5 2 4 For this example assume that the aircraft departs from El Paso Texas and files for the Acton Four arrival with the Wink transition Use the fol lowing steps to fly this procedure with the KLN 89B and refer to the chart f...

Страница 192: ...is not a turbojet then follow these steps 4 Turn to the FPL 0 page and delete the following waypoints MARKUM BRYAR HULEN FLATO and CREEK To do this turn on the cursor and rotate the right outer knob until the cursor is over one of the above waypoints KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Approaches and SID STARs 5 37 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 Figure 5 44 ...

Страница 193: ...nd 5 until all of the unnecessary waypoints are deleted 7 Now add JERRY CRESN and RENDY to FPL 0 by using the right inner and outer knobs and F as necessary 8 The rest of the STAR can now be flown Approaches and SID STARs 5 38 Approaches and SID STARs Chapter 5 ...

Страница 194: ...oundspeed nm hr HDG Heading degrees OBS Selected Course POS Present position TK Actual Track degrees WPT Waypoint XTK Cross Track Error Correction nm displayed as FLY L 2 3 nm WPT 1 WIND POS HDG DA NORTH WPT 2 DIS ETE ETA GS ON TRACK Enroute Leg Mode BRG TK DTK WPT 1 WIND POS XTK TK HDG BRG GS NORTH WPT 2 DA OFF TRACK DME ARC Leg Mode D I S E T E E T A ARC Reference VOR NORTH NORTH DTK NORTH BRG O...

Страница 195: ...Appendix A 2 Navigation Terms Appendix A This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 196: ...pe of special use airspace altitude boundaries responsible ATC facility This message appears when the estimated time to enter a special use airspace SUA is approximately 10 minutes or when the distance from an area of special use airspace is less than two nautical miles See section 3 17 All Wpt Remarks Used Delete on OTH 4 Page This message will be displayed if you attempt to enter a waypoint rema...

Страница 197: ... when an overcurrent condition is detected on the ARM annunciator output It is usually indicative of a fail ure of the wiring between the KLN 89B and the ARM annunciator Have the installation checked to determine the problem Check MSG Annunciator This message appears when an overcurrent condition is detected on the MSG annunciator output It is usually indica tive of a failure of the wiring between...

Страница 198: ...d Inside SUA name and type of special use airspace altitude boundaries responsible ATC facility Inside Special Use Airspace This message appears when the aircraft is inside special use airspace SUA See sec tion 3 17 Internal Battery Low Service Required to Prevent Data Loss This message appears when the KLN 89 B s inter nal battery is low and needs replacing at an authorized AlliedSignal service c...

Страница 199: ...nciator will not be working if this message has been given Service the KLN 89 B as soon as possible Nav Data Referenced To True North This message appears when a user defined magnetic variation of 0 degrees is being used for navigation data Nav Data Referenced To User Defined Mag Var This message appears when a user defined magnetic variation other than 0 degrees is being used for navigation data ...

Страница 200: ...tion provided by the KLN 89B RAIM Not Available APR Mode Inhibited Predict RAIM on OTH 3 This message appears when integrity monitor ing RAIM is predicted to not be available at either the FAF or the MAP The KLN 89B will not go into the approach active mode until conditions improve Turn to the OTH 3 Other 3 page to perform a RAIM prediction The OTH 3 page will give an indication of how long it wil...

Страница 201: ...s to be lost User Data Lost This message appears when the KLN 89 B deter mines that the internal memory backup battery is dead or that some other internal failure has occurred which has caused user data such as page setups to be lost Vnv Alert Vertical Navigation Alert This message appears when a VNAV operation has been programmed on the ALT 2 page and the esti mated time to start the climb or des...

Страница 202: ...raft direct to the active waypoint Dup Ident Duplicate Identifier Appears when you select a waypoint identifier on one of the waypoint type pages if there is more than one waypoint of that waypoint type having the same identifier Fpl Is Full Flight Plan is Full Appears when an attempt is made to add a new waypoint to the active flight plan FPL 0 when it already contains 20 waypoints and the first ...

Страница 203: ...nt position NoSuch Wpt No Such Waypoint Appears when there is no waypoint in the data base corresponding to the entered identifier on the Supplemental Waypoint page Remrks Full Remarks Full Appears when you attempt to create a user entered Airport or Supplemental Waypoint remark on the APT 6 or SUP 3 page if 100 user entered remarks already exist In order to create additional airport remarks some ...

Страница 204: ...orida GA Georgia IA Iowa ID Idaho IL Illinois IN Indiana KS Kansas KY Kentucky LA Louisiana MA Massachusetts MD Maryland ME Maine MI Michigan MN Minnesota MO Missouri MS Mississippi MT Montana NC North Carolina ND North Dakota NE Nebraska NH New Hampshire NJ New Jersey NM New Mexico NV Nevada NY New York OH Ohio OK Oklahoma KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 1 Abbreviations Appendix D ...

Страница 205: ...NADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION PROVINCE AB Alberta BC British Columbia MB Manitoba NB New Brunswick NF Newfoundland NS Nova Scotia NW Northwest Territory ON Ontario PE Prince Edward Island PQ Quebec SK Saskatchewan YK Yukon COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION COUNTRY AFG Afghanistan AGO Angola AIA Anguilla Isl ALB Albania ANT Antarctica Netherlands Antilles Aruba Appendix D 2 Abbreviati...

Страница 206: ...Bhutan BLZ Belize BMU Bermuda BOL Bolivia BOS Bosnia Herzegovia BRA Brazil BRB Barbados BRN Brunei BWA Botswana CAF Central African Republic CAN Canada CHE Switzerland CHL Chile Easter Isl CHN China CIV Ivory Coast CMR Cameroon CNR Canary Islands COG Congo COK Cook Islands COL Colombia San Andres CRI Costa Rica CRO Croatia CSK Czechoslovakia CUB Cuba CYM Cayman Islands CYP Cypress KLN 89 KLN 89B P...

Страница 207: ...nds FRA France GAB Gabon GBR United Kingdom GHA Ghana GIB Gibraltar GIN Guinea GLP Guadeloupe Martinique GMB Gambia GNB Guinea Bissau GNQ Equatorial Guinea GPV Cape Verde GRC Greece GRD Grenada GRL Greenland GTM Guatemala GUF French Guiana GUY Guyana HKG Hong Kong HND Honduras HTI Haiti HUN Hungary IDN Indonesia IND India IOT British Indian Ocean Territory IRL Ireland IRN Iran Appendix D 4 Abbrevi...

Страница 208: ...Phoenix I Line I KNA St Kitts Nevis KOR Korea KWT Kuwait LAO Laos LAT Latvia LBN Lebanon LBR Liberia LBY Libya SPA Jamahiriya LCA St Lucia LKA Sri Lanka LSO Lesotho LUX Luxembourg MAC Macau MAR Morocco MCD Macedonia MDG Madagascar Comoros Mayotte I Reunion MDV Maldives MEL Melilla MEX Mexico MHL Marshall Island MID Midway Island MLI Mali MLT Malta MNP Mariana Islands MOL Moldova MOZ Mozambique MRT...

Страница 209: ...ma PCI Caroline Island Micronesia PER Peru PHL Philippines PNG Papua New Guinea POL Poland PRI Puerto Rico PRK Korea Dem Peoples Republic PRT Portugal Azores Madeira Isl PRY Paraguay PYF French Polynesia Society Isl Tuamotu QAT Qatar ROM Romania RWA Rwanda SAU Saudi Arabia SDN Sudan SEN Senegal SGP Singapore SHN Ascension Island St Helena SLB Solomon Islands SLE Sierra Leone SLO Slovenia SLV El Sa...

Страница 210: ...uay USA United States of America VCT St Vincent VEN Venezuela VGB Virgin Islands U K VIR Virgin Islands U S VNM Vietnam VUT Vanautu WAK Wake Island WLF Wallis Futuna Islands XJ1 Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan XJ2 Armenia Georgia XJ3 Ukraine Moldova XJ4 Estonia Russia XJ5 Belarus Latvia Lithuania Russia XJ6 Kazakhstan Russia XJ7 Kazakhstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan XJJ Azerbaijan XJR Russia YEM Yem...

Страница 211: ...ERS ALM ALMATY AMD AMDERMA AMM AMMAN AMS AMSTERDAM ANA ANADYR ANC ANCHORAGE ARCTIC ANC ANCHORAGE ANC ANCHORAGE OCEANIC ANK ANKARA ANT ANTANANARIVO ARK ARKHANGELSK ASH ASHKHABAD ASM ASMARA AST ASTRAKHAN ASU ASUNCION ATF ANTOFAGASTA ATH ATHENS ATL ATLANTA ATY ATYRAU AUC AUCKLAND OCEANIC AUC AUKLAND BAG BAGHDAD BAH BAHRAIN BAK BAKU BAL BALI BAN BANGKOK Appendix D 8 Abbreviations Appendix D ...

Страница 212: ...R BORDEAUX BOS BOSTON BRA BEIRA BRD BRINDISI BRE BREMEN BRI BRISBANE BRL BERLIN BRN BARNAUL BRR BARRANQUILLA BRS BRASILIA UTA BRT BEIRUT BRU BRUSSELS BRV BRATISLAVA BRY BERYOZOVO BRZ BRAZZAVILLE BSK BRATSK BST BREST BUC BUCHAREST BUD BUDAPEST BUJ BUJUMBURA CAI CAIRO CAL CALCUTTA CAM CAMPO GRANDE CAM CENTRAL AMERICA CAN CANARIES CAP CAPE TOWN KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 9 Abbreviations ...

Страница 213: ...MBO COM COMODORO RIVIADAVIA COP COPENHAGEN COR CORDOBA CRT CURITIBA CUR CURACAO DAK DAKAR DAK DAKAR OCEANIC DAM DAMASCUS DAR DARWIN DEL DELHI DEN DENVER DES DAR ES SALAAM DHA DHAKA DIK DIKSON DOR DORNOD DSS DUSSELDORF DUR DURBAN DUS DUSHANBE EDM EDMONTON EMI EMIRATES ENT ENTEBBE EZE EZEIZA FRA FRANKFURT FW FT WORTH GAB GABORONE GAN GANDER DOMESTIC GAN GANDER OCEANIC GEN GENEVA GEO GEORGETOWN GUA G...

Страница 214: ...UL JAK JAKARTA JAX JACKSONVILLE JED JEDDAH JOH JOHANNESBURG KAB KABUL KAL KALININGRAD KAM KAMENNYI MYS KAN KANO KAR KARACHI KAT KATHMANDU KAZ KAZAN KC KANSAS CITY KHA KHABAROVSK KHR KHARKOV KHT KHATANGA KIE KIEV KIG KIGALI KIN KINGSTON KIR KIRENSK KIS KISANGANI KK KOTA KINABALU KL KUALA LUMPUR KM KHANTY MANSIYSK KNS KINSHASA KO KZYL ORDA KOL KOLPASHEVO KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 11 Ab...

Страница 215: ...IL LILONGWE LIM LIMA LIS LISBON LJU LJUBLJANA LON LONDON LUA LUANDA LUB LUBUMBASHI LUS LUSAKA LVO LVOV MAD MADRID MAG MAGADAN MAI MAIQUETIA MAL MALE MAN MANILA MAR MARSEILLE MAU MAURITIUS MAZ MAZATLAN MAZ MAZATLAN OCEANIC MDR MADRAS MEL MELBOURNE MEM MEMPHIS MEN MENDOZA MER MERIDA MEX MEXICO MGD MAGDAGACHI MIA MIAMI MIA MIAMI OCEANIC MIL MILAN Appendix D 12 Abbreviations Appendix D ...

Страница 216: ... MTV MONTEVIDEO MUM MUMBAI MUN MUNICH MUR MUREN MUS MUSCAT NAD NADI OCEANIC NAH NAHA NAI NAIROBI NAS NASSAU NDJ N DJAMENA NIC NICOSIA NIK NIKOLAEVSK NA AMURE NMY NIAMEY NOR NORILSK NOV NOVOSIBIRSK NUK NUKUS NY NEW YORK NY NEW YORK OCEANIC NZE NEW ZEALAND OAK OAKLAND OAK OAKLAND OCEANIC ODE ODESSA OKH OKHA OMS OMSK ORN ORENBURG OSK OKHOTSK OSL OSLO KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 13 Abbrevi...

Страница 217: ...Y PMT PUERTO MONTT PRA PRAGUE PRM PARAMARIBO UTA PTR PETROPAVLOVSK KAM PV PORTO VELHO PYO PYONGYANG REC RECIFE RES RESISTENCIA REY REYKJAVIK RIG RIGA RIV RIVADAVIA RMS REIMS ROB ROBERTS ROC ROCHAMBEAU ROM ROME ROS ROSTOV ROV ROVANIEMI SAI SAINSHAND SAL SAL OCEANIC SAM SAMARA SAN SANTIAGO SAR SARAJEVO SCO SCOTTISH SDO SANTO DOMINGO SEA SEATTLE SEM SEMIPALATINSK SEY SEYCHELLES Appendix D 14 Abbrevia...

Страница 218: ... SNA SANAA SOF SOFIA SON SONDRESTROM STA STAVANGER STO STOCKHOLM SUK SUKHUMI SUN SUNDSVALL SUR SURGUT SWI SWITZERLAND SYD SYDNEY SYK SYKTYVKAR SYM SEYMCHAN TAE TAEGU TAH TAHITI OCEANIC TAI TAIPEI TAL TALLINN TAM TAMPERE TAS TASHKENT TAZ TASHAUZ TBI TBILISI TEH TEHRAN TEL TEL AVIV TIK TIKSI TIL TILICHIKI TIR TIRANA TOK TOKYO TOR TORONTO TRI TRIPOLI KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 15 Abbrevi...

Страница 219: ...NA VEL VELIKIYE LUKI VIE VIENNA VIL VILNIUS VLA VLADIVOSTOK VLO VOLOGDA VNT VIENTIANE VOL VOLGOGRAD VRK VORKUTA WAR WARSAW WAS WASHINGTON WEL WELLINGTON WIN WINNIPEG WND WINDHOEK WUH WUHAN YAK YAKUTSK YAN YANGON YEK YEKATERINBURG YEN YENISEYSK YER YEREVAN YS YUZHNO SAKHALINSK ZAG ZAGREB ZHK ZHEZKAZGAN ZHY ZHYGANSK ZUR ZURICH ZYR ZYRYANKA Appendix D 16 Abbreviations Appendix D ...

Страница 220: ... CRS Course CRSR Cursor CST Central Standard Time DB Data base DEGRD Degraded navigation DIS Distance DTK Desired track DUP Duplicate E East EDT Eastern Daylight Time ELE Elevation ENT Enter EST Eastern Standard Time ETA Estimated time of arrival ETE Estimated time en route FAILR Failure of receiver FPL Flight plan FPM Feet per minute FR From GDT Greenland Daylight Time GS Groundspeed GST Greenlan...

Страница 221: ...gation NAV A Navigation with altitude aiding NAV D Navigation with data collection NM Nautical miles OBS Omni bearing selection ORS Operational Revision Status OTH Other P POS Present position PDT Pacific Daylight Time POS Position POSN Position PRES Present PRS Pressure PST Pacific Standard Time PUB Published PWR Power RAD Radial RCVR Receiver REF Reference REQ Required RES Reserve fuel S South S...

Страница 222: ...me SUP Supplemental SV Space vehicle SW Software TK Actual track TOT Total U User defined waypoint USR User defined waypoint UTC Coordinated Universal Time Zulu V VOR waypoint W West WPT Waypoint Z Zulu time KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix D 19 Abbreviations Appendix D ...

Страница 223: ...Appendix D 20 Abbreviations Appendix D This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 224: ...e in degrees minutes and seconds This table may be used to convert seconds to hundredths of a minute SECONDS HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE 00 00 01 02 02 03 03 05 04 07 05 08 06 10 07 12 08 13 09 15 10 17 11 18 12 20 13 22 14 23 15 25 16 27 17 28 18 30 19 32 20 33 21 35 22 37 23 38 24 40 25 42 26 43 27 45 28 47 29 48 30 50 31 52 32 53 KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot s Guide Appendix E 1 Lat Lon Conversions Appendix...

Страница 225: ...35 58 36 60 37 62 38 63 39 65 40 67 41 68 42 70 43 72 44 73 45 75 46 77 47 78 48 80 49 82 50 83 51 85 52 87 53 88 54 90 55 92 56 93 57 95 58 97 59 98 For example 35 46 24 is the same as 35 46 40 32 15 58 is the same as 32 15 97 Appendix E 2 Lat Lon Conversions Appendix E ...

Страница 226: ...only U S military users have access to full GPS accuracy For civilian users position accuracy is degraded to no worse than 100 meters At the time of this writing Selective Availability is on and therefore accuracy is degraded near ly 100 of the time GPS POSITION DETERMINING CONCEPT The technique used to determine position is fundamentally very sim ple The complicated part is accounting for and cor...

Страница 227: ...ne which ones could be used Almanac data is very crude data which describes the approximate orbital position of the satellites Each of the 24 satellites transmits the almanac data for all satellites so a GPS receiver has only to listen to one satellite in order to know which satellites are visible in the sky at that particular time Almanac data is good for about six months so when you turn the rec...

Страница 228: ...ic Ocean As an owner of a GPS system you can now claim to be a certified member of the GPS User Segment GPS has many users and uses and more are being dreamed up all the time Not only are aircraft using GPS navigation so are military systems and personnel boaters hikers and surveyors Personal automobiles and transport trucks use Intelligent Transportation Systems or ITS to find their destinations ...

Страница 229: ...l phases of navigation The allowable limits are much tighter when a non precision approach is performed with a KLN 89B For this reason the KLN 89B Other OTH 3 page allows the pilot to enter a time and location and the GPS receiver will predict if RAIM will be available to shoot the non precision approach See section 5 1 9 for more information about the RAIM prediction capability GPS XPRESS CARD 8 ...

Страница 230: ...ual track 3 38 3 43 A 1 Adding waypoints to flight plan 4 2 Air data pages 4 44 Airport data Bearing and distance 3 46 City State or country 3 45 Communication frequencies 3 49 Fuel availability 3 47 Identifier 2 4 Instrument approach availability 3 47 Latitude longitude 3 46 Military 3 45 Name 3 45 Nearest 3 27 3 46 Radar capability 3 47 Remarks 3 50 Runway information 3 48 Airport waypoint pages...

Страница 231: ... Approaches Changing 5 9 Deleting 5 9 Loading 5 6 Selecting 5 5 APT 1 page 3 45 APT 2 page 3 46 APT 3 page 3 47 APT 4 page 3 48 APT 5 page 3 49 APT 6 page 3 50 APT 7 page 3 51 APT 8 page 3 52 ARTCC Center Abbreviations D 8 Frequencies 3 31 AUTO map scale 3 42 5 21 Autopilot 1 1 B Baro set 3 2 3 58 Battery 2 8 Bearing to waypoint 3 36 3 38 3 45 Brightness See Display brightness C CAL 1 page 4 22 CA...

Страница 232: ...nters 3 32 Flight Service Stations 3 31 Computer data base updating 2 5 Configuration module 1 2 Controls 3 0 Country abbreviations D 2 Course fix 5 7 Course reversal 5 15 Coverage area Data base 2 0 GPS 3 1 4 46 Change first waypoint identifier character 3 15 Creating Flight plans 4 1 User waypoint at known latitude longitude 4 32 User waypoint at present position 4 31 User waypoint from another ...

Страница 233: ...fault first waypoint identifier character 3 15 Deleting Airport and user waypoint remarks 3 64 Approach 5 9 Direct To operation 3 35 4 12 Flight plans 4 7 SID 5 33 STAR 5 33 User waypoints 3 64 Waypoints from flight plan 4 6 Departure time 3 40 Desired track DTK 3 38 3 41 4 4 4 12 A 1 Direct To operation Canceling Direct To 3 35 4 12 NAV 1 page in Direct To 3 34 3 36 Procedures 3 32 Recenter D bar...

Страница 234: ... plans Activating 4 4 Active flight plan 4 1 4 8 Adding waypoints 4 5 Creating 4 1 Deleting 4 7 Deleting waypoints 4 6 Direct to operation in flight plans 4 11 Editing 4 5 4 6 Flight plan 0 active flight plan 4 1 4 8 Inverting 4 5 Operating from the active flight plan 4 8 Rules for use of 4 8 Storing active flight plan as a numbered flight plan 4 7 Viewing distance ETE ETA and DTK of flight plan w...

Страница 235: ...ix 5 8 Heading 3 43 4 29 4 45 Holding pattern 5 18 5 22 5 27 How To Index iv HSI 1 1 I i initial approach fix identifier suffix 5 9 IAF initial approach fix 5 9 Selecting 5 5 ICAO identifiers 2 4 Initial position 3 6 3 19 Initialization 3 3 3 18 Initialization page 3 3 INT page Intersection page 3 55 Integrity monitoring See RAIM Intercept DME arc 5 22 Moving the intercept point 5 24 Interfaces 1 ...

Страница 236: ...Metric units 3 58 Minimum safe altitude MSA 3 59 Missed approach procedure 5 9 Modes navigation Approach Arm 5 2 Approach Active 5 2 OBS 4 36 Leg 4 35 Selecting Leg or OBS mode 4 35 MOVE 5 25 MSA See Minimum safe altitude N Name of navaid or airport 3 45 3 53 3 54 NAV 1 page 3 36 NAV 2 page 3 39 NAV 3 page 3 40 NAV 4 page 3 40 NAV GPS switch annunciator 3 66 5 1 Navigation map display 3 40 Navigat...

Страница 237: ... approaches See Approaches O OBS mode 4 36 In approach procedures 5 4 5 18 Off airport navaid 5 15 On airport navaid 5 20 Operating from active flight plan 4 8 ORS Operational Revision Status Cover 3 2 OTH 1 page 3 62 OTH 2 page 3 62 OTH 3 page 5 28 OTH 4 page 3 65 OTH 5 page 3 65 OTH 6 page 3 66 OTH 7 page 4 42 OTH 8 page 4 43 OTH 9 page 4 44 OTH 10 page 4 44 OTH 11 page 4 45 OTH 12 page 4 46 Out...

Страница 238: ...50 User waypoint page 3 57 Runway fix 5 7 Runway information 3 48 S Sample trip 3 71 Satellite status 3 62 Scanning waypoint names 3 23 Scratchpad messages 3 11 Screen organization 3 9 Selected course See OBS mode Selecting Approach 5 5 IAF 5 6 SID 5 30 STAR 5 32 Transition SID STAR 5 31 5 32 Waypoints 3 20 3 21 3 22 3 23 3 24 Self test 3 1 SET 1 page 3 19 SET 2 page 3 62 SET 3 page 2 7 SET 4 page...

Страница 239: ... 29 3 68 STAR standard terminal arrival route Changing 5 33 Deleting 5 34 Editing 5 33 Example 5 36 Loading 5 30 Selecting 5 32 State abbreviations D 1 Step down fix 5 13 5 25 Sunrise Sunset 4 29 Surface runway 3 48 System components 1 1 1 2 T Take Home mode 4 48 Take Home warning page 3 2 Terminal waypoints 5 7 Time Actual 3 4 3 40 3 61 4 26 Departure 3 40 ETA 3 40 ETE 3 38 3 41 Flight 3 40 Setti...

Страница 240: ...ical navigation 4 17 Voltage alerting 3 67 VOR 1 page 3 53 VOR 2 page 3 53 VOR data Bearing and distance 3 53 Frequency 3 53 Identifier 3 53 Latitude longitude 3 53 Magnetic station declination 3 53 Map display of 3 44 Name 3 53 Nearest 3 27 W Waypoint alerting 3 35 4 10 Waypoint identifier entry 3 13 Waypoint identifiers 2 4 Waypoint pages Active waypoint 4 11 Airport 3 45 Intersection 3 55 NDB 3...

Страница 241: ...user waypoint 4 30 Deleting from flight plan 4 6 Deleting user waypoint 3 64 Duplicate 3 15 From and To waypoints 3 34 3 36 4 8 Selecting and scanning 3 21 3 22 3 23 3 24 Viewing user waypoints 3 64 Viewing waypoint in active flight plan FPL 0 4 11 Wind 4 28 4 46 X Y Z Index I 12 Index ...

Страница 242: ...l Aerospace Commercial Avionics Systems 400 North Rogers Road Olathe Kansas 66062 1294 TELEX 669916 KINGRAD FAX 913 791 1302 TELEPHONE 913 768 3000 1996 AlliedSignal Inc 006 08786 0000 Rev 3 3 97 Printed in USA A ...

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