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Agilent Technologies 86121A Скачать руководство пользователя страница 55

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Measuring Signal-to-Noise Ratios with Averaging

Measuring Signal-to-Noise Ratios with
Averaging

Signal-to-noise measurements provide a direct indica-
tion of system performance. Signal-to-noise measure-
ments are especially important in WDM systems
because there is a direct relation between signal-to-
noise and bit error rate. The WDM channel analyzer dis-
plays signal-to-noise measurements in the third column.
For example, the selected signal in the following figure
has a signal-to-noise ratio of 30.0 dB.

Signal-to-noise display.

During a signal-to-noise measurement, the absolute
power of the carrier, in dBm, is compared to the abso-
lute power of the noise at the carrier wavelength. See
the following figure. The noise power at the carrier
must be determined by interpolation because the car-
rier, in most cases, can not or should not be turned off.

Noise
bandwidth

When measuring noise power, the WDM channel ana-
lyzer must account for the noise bandwidth used during
the measurement. Because noise bandwidth varies with
measurement bandwidth (a wide bandwidth allows
more noise to the detector of the WDM channel ana-
lyzer than a narrow bandwidth), the WDM channel ana-
lyzer normalizes all noise power measurements to a
bandwidth of 0.1 nm. The annotation

0.1 nm

is dis-

played to show that the noise bandwidth is being nor-
malized to a 0.1 nm bandwidth.

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Содержание 86121A

Страница 1: ... underutilized and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade ins Custom engineering so your equipment works exactly as you specify Critical and expedited services Leasing Rentals Demos In stock Ready to ship TAR certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100 satisfaction All trademarks brand names and brands appearing herein are the property of their respective ...

Страница 2: ...User s Guide Agilent 86121A WDM Channel Analyzer ...

Страница 3: ... when properly installed on that instrument Agilent Tech nologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or firmware will be unin terrupted or error free Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation ou...

Страница 4: ...ed by the user to ensure safe operation and to main tain the product in a safe condition Laser Classification This product is classified FDA Laser Class I IEC Laser Class 1 laser WAR N I N G If this instrument is not used as specified the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired This instrument must be used in a normal condition in which all means for protection are intact only WAR N...

Страница 5: ...wer cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited There is no output laser aperture The Agilent 86121A does not have an output laser aperture However light less than 1 nw escapes o...

Страница 6: ...nd 664 respectively C AUT IO N The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument C AUT IO N Install the instrument so that the ON OFF switch is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator The ON OFF switch or the detachable power cord is the instrument disconnecting device It disconnects th...

Страница 7: ......

Страница 8: ...and Measurement Rate 3 7 Defining Laser Line Peaks 3 9 Measuring Laser Separation 3 12 Measuring Laser Drift 3 15 Measuring Signal to Noise Ratios with Averaging 3 18 Measuring Modulated Lasers 3 22 Measuring Total Power Greater than 10 dBm 3 24 Calibrating Measurements 3 25 Setting the Date and Time 3 27 Saving the Measurement Results 3 28 Printing Measurement Results 3 29 Chapter 4 Programming A...

Страница 9: ...ce Tests Test 1 Absolute Wavelength Accuracy 6 4 Test 2 Sensitivity 6 5 Test 3 Polarization Dependence 6 7 Test 4 Optical Input Return Loss 6 8 Test 5 Amplitude Accuracy and Linearity 6 11 Chapter 7 Specifications and Regulatory Information Definition of Terms 7 3 Specifications NORMAL Update Mode 7 6 Specifications FAST Update Mode 7 9 Operating Specifications 7 12 Regulatory Information 7 13 Cha...

Страница 10: ...Chapter 1 Getting Started ...

Страница 11: ...power and accessories Refer to Chapter 8 Reference for the following addi tional information Tips on avoiding costly repairs by using proper optical connection cleaning techniques A list of available options accessories and power cords Instructions on returning your instrument to Agilent Technologies for service A list of Agilent sales and service offices ...

Страница 12: ...ontents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the WDM channel analyzer mechanically and electrically If anything is missing or defective contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office If the shipment was damaged contact the carrier then contact the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales Office Keep the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection The Agilent Tech nologies Sales ...

Страница 13: ...erify that the value of the line voltage fuse in the pull out drawer is correct The recommended fuse is an IEC 127 5 20 mm 6 3A 250 V Agilent part number 2110 0703 Notice that an extra fuse is provided in a drawer located on the fuse holder WAR N I N G For continued protection against fire hazard replace line fuse only with same type and ratings type T 6 3A 250V for 100 240V operation The use of o...

Страница 14: ...Up the WDM Channel Analyzer 1 5 You can connect a PCL language printer to the Parallel connector on the rear panel of the instrument Use a parallel Centronics printer cable such as the C2950A 2 m or C2951A 3 m ...

Страница 15: ...nual selection switch The line cord is matched to the country of origin of the order Refer to Power Cords on page 8 10 Line Power Requirements Power 115 VAC 110 VA MAX 60 WATTS MAX 1 1 A MAX 230 VAC 150 VA MAX 70 WATTS MAX 0 6 A MAX Voltage nominal 115 VAC 230 VAC range 115 VAC 90 132 V range 230 VAC 198 254 V Frequency nominals 50 Hz 60 Hz range 47 63 Hz ...

Страница 16: ...se good Does the line socket have power Is it plugged into the proper ac power source If the instrument still fails return it to Agilent Technol ogies for repair Refer to Returning the Instrument for Service on page 8 25 Instrument firmware version When the instrument is first turned on the display briefly shows the firmware version number of the instrument In the unlikely event that you have a pr...

Страница 17: ...key 2 Press the MORE softkey 3 Press the CAL softkey 4 Press ELEV 5 Use the and softkeys to enter the elevation in meters Entries jump in 500 meter steps from 0 m to 5000 m The elevation value selected with the softkeys must be within 250 meters of the actual elevation 6 Press RETURN to complete the entry Converting feet to meters If you know your elevation in feet you can convert this value to me...

Страница 18: ...alyzer wavelength range of 1270 1650 nm If a user defined wavelength range limit was set using WL LIM the following procedure will ensure that responses across the full wavelength range are mea sured 1 Press the Setup key 2 Press the WL LIM softkey 3 Press LIM OFF to remove the limits on wavelength range ...

Страница 19: ...s The front panel INPUT connector of the WDM channel analyzer is no exception When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques you risk expensive instrument repairs damaged cables and compromised measurements Before you connect any fiber optic cable to the WDM channel analyzer refer to Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements on page 8 11 ...

Страница 20: ...est Equipment go to the Agilent Technologies home page listed above and follow this path 1 Click Products 2 Click Test and Measurement 3 Under Products click Fiber Optic Test Equipment This path will take you to the Fiber Optic Test Equip ment page Alternately you can enter the URL for this page directly http www tm agilent com tmo Products English FiberOpticTestEquipment html ...

Страница 21: ......

Страница 22: ...Analyzer Display 2 5 Front Panel Keys 2 7 The Softkeys 2 9 The Startup menu 2 9 The Signal to Noise measurement menu 2 9 The Drift measurement menu 2 10 The Delta measurement menu 2 10 The Setup menu 2 11 The Disk menu 2 12 The Printer menu 2 12 Changing the Printer Paper 2 14 ...

Страница 23: ...e any of the following parameters Measure up to 200 laser lines simultaneously Wavelengths and powers Laser line separation Laser drift wavelength and power Signal to noise ratios C AUTI O N For instruments with Option 022 the front panel OPTICAL INPUT connector is an angled physical contact interface Change instrument settings To change instrument settings use the softkeys To dis play different s...

Страница 24: ...Agilent 86121A Front and Rear Panels 2 3 Agilent 86121A Front and Rear Panels ...

Страница 25: ...2 4 Agilent 86121A Front and Rear Panels ...

Страница 26: ...WDM Channel Analyzer Display 2 5 WDM Channel Analyzer Display Display after the front panel Run key is pressed The Delta display The Drift display Selected Line Delta Annotation ...

Страница 27: ...2 6 WDM Channel Analyzer Display The S N with Averaging display ...

Страница 28: ...ls are ordered according to wavelength The cursor shows the currently selected laser line As you scroll through the responses the current position of the selection cursor is shown along the screen s right side If the Power bars are ON notice that they graphically show the relative power levels between laser lines To display multiple laser lines 1 Connect the fiber optic cable to the front panel OP...

Страница 29: ...B last state Peak excursion 15 dB last state Measurement speed normal last state Device bandwidth narrowband last state Drift measurements off off Delta measurements power off off wavelength off off wavelength and power off off Reference signal position 1270 nm 1270 nm Signal to noise measurements measurement off off number of averages 100 last state GPIB address not affected last state Remote int...

Страница 30: ...tions of the menus See Chapter 3 Making Measurements for additional information on each of the WDM channel analyzer func tions The Startup menu These are the softkeys visible on instrument startup The Signal to Noise measurement menu The Signal to Noise measurement softkeys are accessed by pressing the front panel S N key ...

Страница 31: ...The Drift measurement menu The Drift measurement softkeys are accessed by press ing the front panel Drift key The Delta measurement menu The Delta measurement softkeys are accessed by press ing the front panel Delta key ...

Страница 32: ...The Softkeys 2 11 The Setup menu ...

Страница 33: ...2 12 The Softkeys The Disk menu The Printer menu ...

Страница 34: ...input circuitry of the Agilent 86121A can be damaged when the total input power level the sum of all lines input exceeds 18 dBm To prevent input damage this specified level must not be exceeded Measurement accuracy it s up to you Fiber optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories The front panel INPUT connector of the WDM channel analyzer is no exce...

Страница 35: ...2 14 Changing the Printer Paper Changing the Printer Paper ...

Страница 36: ...nt part number 9270 1370 C AUT IO N Never use the printer without paper as this can damage the printer head If the instrument is on the paper feed automatically scrolls whenever paper is inserted into the feeder Lift the paper latch to correct paper alignment prob lems The scroll knob allows you to manually advance the paper To avoid damage caused by losing parts and tools inside the instrument al...

Страница 37: ......

Страница 38: ...r 3 6 Changing the Units and Measurement Rate 3 7 Displayed units 3 7 Measurement rate 3 7 Defining Laser Line Peaks 3 9 Measuring Laser Separation 3 12 Measuring Laser Drift 3 15 Measuring Signal to Noise Ratios with Averaging 3 18 Measuring Modulated Lasers 3 22 Measuring Total Power Greater than 10 dBm 3 24 Calibrating Measurements 3 25 Setting the Date and Time 3 27 Saving the Measurement Resu...

Страница 39: ...5 GHz If you change the elevation at which you will be using your WDM channel analyzer refer to To enter the ele vation on page 3 25 Press the green Preset key to return the WDM channel analyzer to its default state C AUTI O N Do not exceed 18 dBm input power The Agilent 86121A s input circuitry can be damaged when total input power exceeds 18 dBm You can measure power levels that are greater by a...

Страница 40: ...velength units are later changed the start and stop wavelength units will change accord ingly Note that a start wavelength limit in nm will become a stop wavelength limit if THz is chosen See To change the units of measure on page 3 7 The graphical display always uses the start and stop wavelength values to plot the power spectrum whether the wavelength limit function is on LIM ON or off LIM OFF P...

Страница 41: ...on the center of mass of the power spectrum The peak excursion function is used to determine the value of the integration limits Care must be taken to ensure that the integration limits are above any noise This is especially true when mea suring devices with sloping noise floors like an EDFA amplifier For more information on peak excursion refer to To define laser line peaks on page 3 11 Instrumen...

Страница 42: ... scale is not affected by the Power Offset value In most cases the noise floor will be visible if the total input power is greater than about 5 dBm The WDM channel analyzer graphical display The Peak Threshold value is displayed as a dotted line All peaks above this dotted line are displayed All peaks below this line are not displayed Adjust the Peak Threshold value with the Setup key and the THRS...

Страница 43: ...nt state is saved it is off when that state is recalled To save an instrument state 1 Press the Setup key 2 Press the SAV RCL softkey 3 Press the SAVE softkey 4 Press one of the four SAVE softkeys to save the instrument state To recall an instrument state 1 Press the Setup key 2 Press the SAV RCL softkey 3 Press the RECALL softkey 4 Press one of the four RCL softkeys to recall an instrument state ...

Страница 44: ...te mode that maximum accuracy and wavelength resolution are achieved How ever should a faster update be desired for example when real time feedback is required to tune a laser to its designated channel the 86121A can be set to update approximately two times per second This reduces both wavelength resolution and accuracy but can be benefi cial in some applications The instrument resolution in NORMA...

Страница 45: ... 10 Gb s in NOR MAL update mode the instrument resolution is less than the modulation bandwidth of the laser lines In this case the dis played power of the laser lines will be less than the actual power by approximately 1 dB This power offset can be calcu lated by comparing the displayed power to that measured by a power meter Then the power offset can be entered by press ing Setup MORE CAL PWR OF...

Страница 46: ...k threshold value from the power of the largest laser line So if the largest laser line is 2 dBm and the peak threshold value is 10 dB the peak threshold limit is 8 dBm You can set the peak threshold value between 0 to 40 dB The peak threshold s default value is 10 dB This ensures that any modulated signals being measured are not confused with their AM sidebands For unmodu lated lasers or Fabry Pe...

Страница 47: ...0 dB Examples of valid and invalid signals In the following figure three laser lines are identified responses and Response is not identified because it is below the peak threshold The portion of each signal that is within the peak excursion limits is shown in bold lines Because of the peak excursion rule responses and are identified as one laser line the minimum point between and does not drop to ...

Страница 48: ...nsures that only the peak wavelength is identified The default value is 10 dB Pressing the green PRESET key changes the peak excur sion and peak threshold values to their default settings It also turns wavelength range limiting on Cycling the power off and then on does not change these settings If too many lines are identified If the following message is displayed too many laser lines have been id...

Страница 49: ...re the wavelength and power separation between multiple laser lines This is especially true in wavelength division multiplexed WDM systems where channel spacing must be adhered to The WDM channel analyzer can display the wavelength and amplitude of any laser line relative to another In fact the following types of relative measure ments can be made compared to the reference Relative wavelength abso...

Страница 50: ...eference laser line and read the channel spacing between each channel To measure channel separation 1 Press the front panel Delta key 2 Select the type of separation to observe WL displays channel separation PWR displays differences in power WL PWR displays both channel separation and differences in power 3 Use the and softkeys to select the reference laser line 4 Press SELECT Press SELECT at any ...

Страница 51: ...bsolute wavelength and pow ers To measure flatness 1 Press the front panel Delta key 2 Select PWR 3 Use the and softkeys to select the laser line with the greatest power level 4 Press SELECT Since the largest power signal is the reference the rela tive power measurements for the other responses shows system flatness ...

Страница 52: ...ance over time tempera ture or other conditions The following display shows power and wavelength drift measured on five laser lines The DRIFT annotation tells you that drift measurements are being performed The current relative drift values for wavelength and power are shown The absolute reference values are shown for the laser line indicated by the cursor The reference values are measured before ...

Страница 53: ... lesser value Note that the maximum wavelength and maxi mum power may not have occurred simultaneously If measurement updating stops or the values become blanked If in the middle of a measurement the number of laser lines present changes the measurement stops until the original number of lines returns You ll notice that a CLEAR softkey appears and one of the following messages is displayed E46 NUM...

Страница 54: ...ote that the minimum wavelength and mini mum power may not have occurred simultaneously Display shows the total drift since the drift measure ment was started Values represent the minimum wave length and power values subtracted from the maximum values 3 Use the and softkeys to view the reference values of each laser line before the test was started To restart the drift measurements press RESET Thi...

Страница 55: ... absolute power of the carrier in dBm is compared to the abso lute power of the noise at the carrier wavelength See the following figure The noise power at the carrier must be determined by interpolation because the car rier in most cases can not or should not be turned off Noise bandwidth When measuring noise power the WDM channel ana lyzer must account for the noise bandwidth used during the mea...

Страница 56: ... equal distance to the other side of the signal of interest See points Pn1 and Pn2 in the following figure If the closest signal is more than 200 GHz from the sig nal of interest or if there are no other signals present then the noise power is measured at 100 GHz on either side of the signal of interest The two measured noise power levels are then averaged to estimate the noise power level at the ...

Страница 57: ... The maximum number of averages is 900 the minimum number of averages is 10 and the default Preset value is 100 averages A measurement with 100 averages takes about 2 minutes to complete When the measure ment is complete the instrument will stop Then press ing the Run key will start a completely new measurement During a measurement and before the number of averages has been reached pressing the St...

Страница 58: ...e Ratios with Averaging 3 21 4 When the measurement is complete the instrument will stop 5 To make a new measurement press the Run key 6 To exit press the EXIT softkey then press the Run key to return to continuous measurement ...

Страница 59: ...n will be located above and below the correct wavelength by the following wavelength spacing where F is the modulation frequency in Hz and λ is the correct wavelength in nm For example an amplitude modulation of 10 kHz on a 1550 nm laser will produce spurious wavelengths spaced by 15 nm from the correct wavelength and the spurious wavelengths will be at 1535 and 1565 nm Low frequency 10 kHz AM mod...

Страница 60: ...wavelengths to be dis played Even when the laser being tested is modulated with repetitive formats the carrier s correct wavelength and power is displayed the wavelength and power of the spurious sidebands are incorrect The graphical display is useful to see the effects of high frequency modulation Without modulation the noise floor is typically 45 dB below the laser power In gen eral high frequen...

Страница 61: ...to the Agilent 86121 WDM Channel Analyzer before damage occurs is 18 dBm The maximum total input power that can be measured is 10 dBm To measure total power exceeding 10 dBm 1 Connect an optical attenuator between the front panel OPTICAL INPUT connector and the fiber optic cable The attenuator must reduce the total input power to the 86121A so that it is below 10 dBm 2 Press Setup MORE CAL and the...

Страница 62: ...y of air due to elevation affects the wavelength results You must calibrate the Agilent 86121 by entering the elevation Elevations from 0 to 5000 meters can be entered The elevation correction is immediately applied to the cur rent measurement even if the instrument is stopped Annotation on the display shows the current calibration elevation in meters To enter the elevation 1 Press the Setup key 2...

Страница 63: ...6 Calibrating Measurements 6 Press RETURN to complete the entry Converting feet to meters If you know your elevation in feet you can convert this value to meters by using the following equation m ft 3 281 ...

Страница 64: ...e files are dated correctly use the following steps to set the date and time To set the date and time 1 Press the Setup key 2 Press the MORE softkey 3 Press the MORE softkey again 4 Press the CLOCK softkey 5 Press DATE to adjust the year month and day Press RETURN when you are done 6 Press TIME to adjust the hour minute and seconds Press RETURN when you are done ...

Страница 65: ...n example of the data saved see the printout included in Printing Measurement Results on page 3 29 Each press of the STORE key will create a new file File names are generated automatically in numerical sequence The file name format is nnnn csv where n is the sequential number A maximum of 256 files can be saved on a disk When the disk is full any partially writ ten file will be deleted and you wil...

Страница 66: ...er Head Cleaning Procedure on page 8 22 The printer output is not a copy of the display Rather it is a listing of all signals present at the input up to 200 The measurement values printed depend on the set tings of the instrument when the Print key is pressed The following is an example of a typical printout 17 Sep 1999 14 21 11 Agilent 86121A SER US39400020 Firmware Ver 1 000 List By Wavelength 8...

Страница 67: ...of a compatible printer is an HPa LaserJet series printer Be sure to use a parallel printer cable to connect the printer 1 Press the PRINTER key The softkeys that appear are INTERNL EXTERNL PRINT and RETURN 2 Select either INTERNL or EXTERNL printer The active printer will be in inverse video 3 Press PRINT to begin printing You can press ABORT to stop the print job in progress a HP is a U S regist...

Страница 68: ...3 The format of returned data 4 13 Monitoring the Instrument 4 15 Status registers 4 15 Queues 4 20 Reviewing SCPI Syntax Rules 4 22 Example Programs 4 28 Example 1 Measure a DFB laser 4 30 Example 2 Measure WDM channels 4 31 Example 3 Measure WDM channel drift 4 33 Example 4 Measure WDM channel separation 4 36 Example 5 Measure signal to noise ratio of each WDM channel 4 38 Example 6 Increase a s...

Страница 69: ... Packard Company Tutorial Description of Hewlett Packard Interface Bus 1987 Hewlett Packard Company SCPI Standard Com mands for Programmable Instruments 1995 International Institute of Electrical and Electronics En gineers IEEE Standard 488 1 1987 IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation New York NY 1987 International Institute of Electrical and Electronics En gineers IEEE ...

Страница 70: ...nstrument is in local lockout mode all the softkeys may be blanked For example if the instru ment is first placed in local lockout mode and then placed in remote mode no softkeys are displayed Consult the documentation for your programming envi ronment to determine which commands are used to put an instrument in the remote and local lockout modes These are not Agilent 86121A commands they control ...

Страница 71: ... 4 Addressing and Initializing the Instrument To change the GPIB address 1 Press the Setup key 2 Press MORE twice then REMOTE 3 Press GPIB 4 Use the and softkeys to change the GPIB address 5 Press RETURN ...

Страница 72: ... section it configures or queries data from Notice that there are two buffers from which data can be queried an uncorrected data buffer and a corrected data buffer With each scan of the input wavelength range the analog to digital converter loads 65 536 data values into the uncorrected data buffer This is consid ered to be one measurement A fast update measure ment mode is available for quicker me...

Страница 73: ...rogramming Commands on page 4 42 Table 4 8 Keys Versus Commands on page 4 47 Commands are grouped in subsystems The Agilent 86121A commands are grouped in the fol lowing subsystems You ll find a description of each command in Chapter 5 Programming Commands Subsystem Purpose of Commands Measurement Instructions Perform frequency and wavelength measurements CALCulate1 Queries uncorrected frequency s...

Страница 74: ... Table 4 1 Commands for Capturing Data Desired Measurement Command to Configure Measurement partial listing Command to Query Data Wavelength nm CONFigure FETCh READ and MEASure MEASure ARRay POWer WAVelength Frequency THz CONFigure FETCh READ and MEASure MEASure ARRay POWer FREQuency Power dBm CONFigure FETCh READ and MEASure MEASure ARRay POWer Laser Line Separation CALCulate3 DELTa REFer ence CA...

Страница 75: ...the following command MEASure SCALar POWer WAVelength MAX Specifying SCALar places the display in the single wavelength format and returns a single value to the computer Specifying ARRay places the display in the List by Power or List by WL modes an array of data is returned to the computer A common programming error is to send the MEASure command when the instrument is in the continuous measureme...

Страница 76: ...om previously per formed measurements it does not initiate the collection of new data Because FETCh does not configure the instrument or acquire new input data you can use FETCh repeatedly on the same set of acquired data For example use two FETCh commands to return wavelength and then power values for the same mea surement This is shown in the following program frag ment OUTPUT 720 INIT CONT OFF ...

Страница 77: ...s a string which is the last instrument function sent by a CONFigure command or MEASure query The returned string is in the short command form Use caution when using this query because if any instrument settings were changed since the last CON Figure command or MEASure query these changes may not be included in the returned string For example if the last CONFigure command was CONFigure SCALar POWe...

Страница 78: ... ELEVation INITiate CONTinuous INITiate IMMediate The benefit of non sequential commands is that in some situations they can reduce the overall execution times of programs For example you can set the peak excursion peak threshold and elevation and use a WAI command at the end to save time However non sequential commands can also be a source of annoying errors Always use the OPC query or WAI comman...

Страница 79: ...and When the actual INIT IMM is sent the error occurs because the command is already in progress OUTPUT 720 INIT IMM OUTPUT 720 SENSe CORRection ELEVation 1000 OUTPUT 720 INIT IMM Use an OPC query to ensure that the ELEVation command has completed as shown in the following lines OUTPUT 720 INIT IMM OUTPUT 720 SENSe CORRection ELEVation 1000 OUTPUT 720 OPC ENTER 720 Response OUTPUT 720 INIT IMM Or ...

Страница 80: ... one state on at a time results in an 221 Settings Conflict error The RST and SYSTem PRESet commands turn all cal culations off CALCulate3 PRESet turns off any CALCulate3 calcula tions The format of returned data Measurements are returned as strings All measurement values are returned from the WDM channel analyzer as ASCII strings When an array is returned the individual values are separated by th...

Страница 81: ... Data can be corrected for elevation Normally the WDM channel analyzer provides measure ment values calculated for conditions in air at sea level Use the SENSe CORRection ELEVation command to compensate for air dispersion Altitudes up to 5000 meters can be entered Amplitude units The default amplitude units are dBm ...

Страница 82: ...m on page 5 53 Status registers The WDM channel analyzer provides four registers which you can query to monitor the condition of the instrument These registers allow you to determine the following items Status of an operation Availability of the measured data Reliability of the measured data All four registers are shown in the figure on the follow ing page and have the following uses Register Defi...

Страница 83: ...s are set and cleared by the presence and absence of a summary bit from other registers or queues Notice in the following figure that the bits in the Standard Event Status OPER ation status and QUEStionable status registers are or d to control a bit in the Status Byte Register If a bit in the Status Byte Register goes high you can query the value of the source register to determine the cause ...

Страница 84: ...s the total bit weights of all of the bits that are set at the present time OPERation Status and QUEStionable Status registers You can query the value of the OPERation Status and QUEStionable Status registers using commands in the STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem also has transition filter soft ware which give you the ability to select the logic transi tions which set bits in the OPERation St...

Страница 85: ...t 11 Averaging indicating that the instrument is in the process of averaging the noise for the signal to noise ratio calculation 12 through 16 not used Table 4 4 Bits in Questionable Status Register Bit Definition 0 1 and 2 not used 3 POWer indicating that the instrument is measuring too high of a power 4 through 8 not used 9 Maximum signals indicating that the instrument has found the maximum num...

Страница 86: ...re available which you can use to enable or disable individual bits in each register For example you can disable the Hardcopy bit in the OPERation Sta tus Register so that even though it goes high it can never set the summary bit in the status byte high Use the SRE common command to set or query the mask for the Status Byte Register The masks for the OPERation Status and QUEStionable Status regist...

Страница 87: ...put queue and the error queue can be queried Output queue The output queue stores the instrument responses that are generated by certain commands and queries that you send to the instrument The output queue gener ates the Message Available summary bit when the out put queue contains one or more bytes This summary bit sets the MAV bit bit 4 in the Status Byte Register The method used to read the Ou...

Страница 88: ...is read with the SYSTEM ERROR query Executing this query reads and removes the old est error from the head of the queue which opens a position at the tail of the queue for a new error When all the errors have been read from the queue subse quent error queries return 0 No error For more information on reading the error queue refer to SYSTem ERRor on page 5 57 For a list of error messages refer to E...

Страница 89: ...ing from the commands listed in this book and place the string in your program lan guage s output statement For commands other than common commands include a colon before the sub system name For example the following string places the cursor on the peak laser line and returns the power level of this peak OUTPUT 720 MEAS SCAL POW MAX Use either short or long forms Commands and queries may be sent i...

Страница 90: ...d is exactly four characters You can use upper or lowercase letters Program headers can be sent using any combination of uppercase or lowercase ASCII characters Instrument responses however are always returned in uppercase Combine commands in the same subsystem You can combine commands from the same subsystem provided that they are both on the same level in the subsystem s hierarchy Simply separat...

Страница 91: ...ro gram message you must reenter the original subsystem after the command Adding parameters to a command Many commands have parameters that specify an option Use a space character to separate the parameter from the command as shown in the following line OUTPUT 720 INIT CONT ON Separate multiple parameters with a comma Spaces can be added around the commas to improve readabil ity OUTPUT 720 MEAS SC...

Страница 92: ...1 28000m 0 028K 28E 3K If a measurement cannot be made no response is given and an error is placed into the error queue For exam ple RST FETCh POW will timeout the controller and place a Data stale or corrupt error into the error queue Table 4 6 Suffix Multipliers Multiplier Mnemonic 1E18 EX 1E15 PE 1E12 T 1E9 G 1E6 MA 1E3 K 1E 3 M 1E 6 U 1E 9 N 1E 12 P 1E 15 F 1E 18 A ...

Страница 93: ...ivating the measurement String responses are returned as upper case letters Queries usually take the form of a command followed by a question mark After receiving a query the instru ment places the answer in its output queue The answer remains in the output queue until it is read or another command is issued For example the query OUTPUT 720 CALCULATE2 POINTS places the number of points in the data...

Страница 94: ...rogram message but you must also read them back within a single program message This can be accomplished by either reading them back into a string variable or into multiple numeric variables When you read the result of multiple queries into string variables each response is separated by a semicolon ...

Страница 95: ... to return data to the computer All of the examples are written in the HP BASIC pro gramming language Many subroutines are repeated in the examples The first five example programs contain several com mon subroutines These routines along with one func tion are described in the rest of this introduction The descriptions are listed in the general order that the sub routines are called in the programs...

Страница 96: ...gic test in the subroutine tests for the same event sta tus register bits enabled by the Set_ese subroutine BIT Cme 5 BIT Cme 4 BIT Cme 2 This subroutine is called in Examples 1 through 5 How ever it is modified in Examples 3 4 and 5 to allow it to indicate the last programming command that was sent to the instrument before an error occurred This is accomplished by adding an optional argument stri...

Страница 97: ... USING 37A 33A Multi Wavelength Meter Identity is FNIdentity OUTPUT Mwm INIT CONT OFF ON TIMEOUT 7 5 CALL Err_mngmt OUTPUT Mwm MEAS SCAL POW WAV ENTER Mwm Current_wl OUTPUT Mwm FETC SCAL POW ENTER Mwm Current_pwr OFF TIMEOUT PRINT USING 20A 4D 3D 3A 19A M2D 2D 4A The wavelength is Current_wl 1 0E 9 nm with a power of Current_pwr dBm END Err_mngmt SUB Err_mngmt COM Instrument Mwm DIM Err_msg 255 IN...

Страница 98: ...section for a descrip tion of each subroutine that is contained in this pro gram COM Instrument Mwm ASSIGN Mwm TO 720 ON ERROR GOTO Error_msg Set_ese PRINT USING 37A 33A Multi Wavelength Meter Identity is FNIdentity OUTPUT Mwm INIT CONT OFF ON TIMEOUT 7 5 CALL Err_mngmt OUTPUT Mwm MEAS ARR POW WAV ENTER Mwm USING K Nb_wl ALLOCATE Current_wl 1 Nb_wl ENTER Mwm USING K Current_wl OUTPUT Mwm FETC ARR ...

Страница 99: ...AND NOT BIT Cme 4 AND NOT BIT Cme 5 AND Err 0 Subend SUBEND Set_ese SUB Set_ese COM Instrument Mwm OUTPUT Mwm ESE IVAL 00110100 2 SUBEND Identity DEF FNIdentity COM Instrument Mwm DIM Identity 50 Identity OUTPUT Mwm RST OUTPUT Mwm OPC ENTER Mwm Opc_done OUTPUT Mwm IDN ENTER Mwm Identity RETURN Identity FNEND ...

Страница 100: ...utine that is contained in this program COM Instrument Mwm ASSIGN Mwm TO 720 DIM Key 1 ON ERROR GOTO Error_msg Set_ese PRINT USING 37A 33A Multi Wavelength Meter Identity is FNIdentity ON TIMEOUT 7 5 CALL Err_mngmt Cmd_opc RST Cmd_opc INIT IMM Cmd_opc OPC Cmd_opc CONF ARR POW WAV Turn on the drift calculation Cmd_opc CALC3 DRIF STAT ON Err_mngmt CALC3 DRIF STAT ON Turn off all drift states Cmd_opc...

Страница 101: ...1A MDD 3DE 3A Wavelength number I is Current_ref_wl I m with a drift from Current_diff_wl I m PRINT USING 28A SDD 2DE 4A 20A MDD 3DE 3A it has a power level of Current_ref_pwr I dBm with a driftfrom Current_diff_pw I dB NEXT I STOP Error_msg PRINT The program is aborted due to ERRM END Err_mngmt SUB Err_mngmt OPTIONAL Cmd_msg COM Instrument Mwmt DIM Err_msg 255 INTEGER Cme CLEAR Mwm REPEAT OUTPUT ...

Страница 102: ...T Mwm RST OUTPUT Mwm OPC ENTER Mwm Opc_done OUTPUT Mwm IDN ENTER Mwm Identity RETURN Identity FNEND Cmd_opc SUB Cmd_opc Set_cmd COM Instrument Mwm OUTPUT Mwm Set_cmd OUTPUT Mwm OPC ENTER Mwm Opc_done SUBEND Tempo SUB Tempo Temp FOR I Temp TO 0 STEP 1 DISP Waiting for VAL I sec WAIT 1 NEXT I DISP SUBEND ...

Страница 103: ...th display Cmd_opc CONF ARR POW WAV Trigger and wait for one measurement Cmd_opc INIT Cmd_opc WAI Turn on delta mode Cmd_opc CALC3 DELT WPOW STAT ON Set first wavelength as reference Cmd_opc CALC3 DELT REF WAV MIN Query number of data points OUTPUT Mwm CALC3 POIN ENTER Mwm USING K Nb_pt ALLOCATE Delta_wl 1 Nb_pt ALLOCATE Delta_pwr 1 Nb_pt Query wavelengths and powers OUTPUT Mwm CALC3 DATA WAV ENTE...

Страница 104: ...T Mwm ESR ENTER Mwm Cme OUTPUT Mwm SYST ERR ENTER Mwm Err_msg IF NPAR 0 AND NOT POS Err_msg 0 THEN PRINT This command Cmd_msg makes the following error IF NOT POS Err_msg 0 THEN PRINT Err_msg UNTIL NOT BIT Cme 2 AND NOT BIT Cme 4 AND NOT BIT Cme 5 AND POS Err_msg 0 Subend SUBEND Set_ese SUB Set_ese COM Instrument Mwm OUTPUT Mwm ESE IVAL 00110100 2 SUBEND Identity DEF FNIdentity COM Instrument Mwm ...

Страница 105: ...ENTER Mwm USING K Nb_pt ALLOCATE Current_wl 1 Nb_pt ENTER Mwm USING K Current_wl OUTPUT Mwm FETC ARR POW ENTER Mwm USING K Nb_pt ALLOCATE Current_pwr 1 Nb_pt ENTER Mwm USING K Current_pwr Turn signal to noise ratio on Cmd_opc CALC3 SNR STAT ON Err_mngmt CALC3 SNR STAT ON Set first wavelength as noise reference Cmd_opc CALC3 SNR REF WAV MIN Err_mngmt CALC3 SNR REF WAV MIN Query number of data point...

Страница 106: ...es the following error IF NOT POS Err_msg 0 THEN PRINT Err_msg UNTIL NOT BIT Cme 2 AND NOT BIT Cme 4 AND NOT BIT Cme 5 AND POS Err_msg 0 Subend SUBEND Set_ese SUB Set_ese COM Instrument Mwm OUTPUT Mwm ESE IVAL 00110100 2 SUBEND Identity DEF FNIdentity COM Instrument Mwm DIM Identity 50 Identity OUTPUT Mwm RST OUTPUT Mwm OPC ENTER Mwm Opc_done OUTPUT Mwm IDN ENTER Mwm Identity RETURN Identity FNEND...

Страница 107: ...d WAVEACT The program uses the following measurement algo rithm Identify and initialize the Agilent 86121A and tunable laser source Ask user for desired wavelength Set wavelength of tunable laser source Turn tunable laser source s output on Enter loop Measure wavelength Compare wavelength to desired wavelength Realign tunable laser source s wavelength Check if wavelength changed from last pass Rep...

Страница 108: ...s WAVE VAL Target_wl OUTPUT Tls OUTP ON Enter realignment loop REPEAT OUTPUT Mwm MEAS SCAL POW WAV ENTER Mwm Current_wl PRINT The current wavelength is VAL Current_wl Diff_wl PROUND ABS Target_wl Current_wl 16 PRINT Diff between target Current is or VAL Diff_wl OUTPUT Tls WAVEACT VAL Current_wl Diff_diff PROUND ABS Diff_wl Previous_diff 16 PRINT differential difference between two turn VAL Diff_di...

Страница 109: ...ter RCL Recalls a saved instrument state RST Resets instrument SAV Saves an instrument state SRE Sets bits in service request enable register STB Queries value of status byte TRG Triggers acquisition of measurement data TST Performs an instrument self test WAI Causes instrument to finish processing current command before continuing Measurement Instructions CONFigure Configures instrument for wavel...

Страница 110: ...he starting wavelength for the wave length limit range I CALCulate2 WLIMit STOP FREQuency Sets the stopping frequency for the wave length limit range I CALCulate2 WLIMit STOP WAVe length Sets the stopping wavelength for the wave length limit range I CALCulate3 CALC3 Subsystem CALCulate3 ASNR CLEar Resets and restarts the signal to noise ratio averaging I CALCulate3 ASNR COUNt Sets the number of me...

Страница 111: ...ulate3 DRIFt MINimum STATe Sets the drift calculation to return the mini mum power frequency values measured I CALCulate3 DRIFt PRESet Turns off all the drift states for DIFFerence MAXimum MINimum and REFerence I CALCulate3 DRIFt REFerence RESet Places the current list of signals into the refer ence list I CALCulate3 DRIFt REFerence STATe Turns the drift state on and off so that CALC3 DATA will re...

Страница 112: ...ystem MMEMory STORe Creates a new file and stores the present data I SENSe Subsystem SENSe CORRection DEVice Configures wavelength measurements for nar rowband or wideband devices I SENSe CORRection ELEVation Sets the elevation value used by the instru ment to compensate for air dispersion I SENSe CORRection OFFSet MAGNitude Sets the power offset value used by the instrument S SENSe DATA Queries t...

Страница 113: ...gilent 86121A remote commands I SYSTem PRESet Performs the equivalent of a front panel PRE SET key press S SYSTem TIME Sets the clock time SYSTem VERSion Queries the version of SCPI with which this instrument is compliant S TRIGger Subsystem ABORt Stops the current measurement sequence S INITiate CONTinuous Sets the instrument for single or continuous measurement S INITiate IMMediate Places the in...

Страница 114: ...IFT CALCulate3 DRIFt STATe ELEV SENSe CORRection ELEVation EXIT State dependent FAST See UPDATE GPIB none MAX MIN CALCulate3 DRIFt MINimum STATe and CALCulate3 DRIFt MAXi mum STATe NARROW SENSe CORRection DEVice NARRow NM MEASure ARRay POWer WAVelength NORMAL See UPDATE OFF CALCulate3 DELTa POWer STATe ON CALCulate3 DELTa POWer STATe PEAK DISPlay MARKer MAXimum PK EXC CALCulate2 PEXCursion PK THLD...

Страница 115: ...d UPDATE START WL CALCulate2 WLIMit STARt STOP WL CALCulate2 WLIMit STOP Stop INITiate CONTinuous OFF THRSHLD See PK EXC and PK THLD THZ MEASure ARRay POWer FREQuency UPDATE Measurement Instructions and CALCulate1 TRANsform FRE Quency POINts WL See NM and THZ Table 4 8 Keys Versus Commands 2 of 2 Key Equivalent Command ...

Страница 116: ...5 21 CALCulate3 Subsystem 5 29 CONFigure Measurement Instruction 5 40 DISPlay Subsystem 5 41 FETCh Measurement Instruction 5 44 HCOPy Subsystem 5 45 MEASure Measurement Instruction 5 46 MMEMory Subsystem 5 47 READ Measurement Instruction 5 48 SENSe Subsystem 5 49 STATus Subsystem 5 53 SYSTem Subsystem 5 57 TRIGger Subsystem 5 61 ...

Страница 117: ...d by the programmer Or indicates a choice of one element from a list Square brackets indicate that the enclosed items are optional When several items are enclosed by braces one and only one of these ele ments must be selected integer An ASCII string representing an integer This is defined by the IEEE 488 2 NR1 format real An ASCII string representing a real number This is defined by the IEEE 488 2...

Страница 118: ...s left in the idle state The command does not alter the instrument setting OPC and OPC actions are cancelled This command cannot be issued as a query ESE integer ESE The ESE event status enable command sets the bits in the event status enable register and enables the cor responding bits in the event status register integer is a mask from 0 to 255 The ESE query returns the value of the event status...

Страница 119: ...lue of the event status register Description When you read the standard event status register the value returned is the total of the bit weights of all of the bits that are set to one at the time you read the byte The following table shows each bit in the event status register and its bit weight The register is cleared when it is read Bita Bit Weight Enables 7 128 PON Power On 6 64 Not Used 5 32 C...

Страница 120: ...nored The maximum length of the identification string is 50 bytes Query Response The following identification string is returned The third entry is the serial number of the instrument The last entry in the string is the firmware version number this value may vary between instruments AGILENT 86121A USaaaabbbb 1 000 Example DIM Id 50 OUTPUT 720 IDN ENTER 720 Id PRINT Id Bit Bit Weight Condition 7 12...

Страница 121: ...PC query and an ENTER statement the program will pause until the response ASCII 1 is returned by the instrument Be sure the computer s timeout limit is at least two sec onds since some of the 86121A commands take approximately one second to complete Query Response 1 Example OUTPUT 720 OPC ENTER 720 Op RCL integer This command recalls a saved instrument state integer range is 1 to 4 Description For...

Страница 122: ...ion correction value 0 meters Wavelength units nm Power offset 0 dB Peak threshold 10 dB Peak excursion 15 dB Measurement speed normal Number of uncorrected data points 15 047 Device bandwidth narrowband Delta Measurements power off wavelength off wavelength and power off reference signal position 1270 nm Drift measurements off Signal to Noise Measurements measurement off number of averages count ...

Страница 123: ...st enable register contains a mask value for the bits to be enabled in the status byte regis ter A bit set to one in the service request enable regis ter enables the corresponding bit in the status byte register to generate a service request A zero disables the bit The following table lists the bits in the service request enable register and what they mask The service request enable register is cl...

Страница 124: ...following table shows each bit in the status byte register and its bit weight The STB query does not affect the contents of the status byte register Query Response integer from 0 to 255 Example OUTPUT 720 STB ENTER 720 Value PRINT Value TRG The TRG trigger command is identical to the group execute trigger GET message or RUN command Description This command acquires data according to the current se...

Страница 125: ...ssed and a non zero value indi cates the test failed The instrument will initiate a mea surement and check for any hardware errors after the measurement is complete Query Response integer Example OUTPUT 720 TST ENTER 720 Result PRINT Result WAI The WAI command prevents the instrument from exe cuting any further commands until the current com mand has finished executing Description All pending oper...

Страница 126: ... value is returned When the ARRay com mand is used multiple data values are returned The MEASure measurement instruction always acquires new measurement data In order to obtain both wavelength and power values from the same mea surement data use two FETCh commands This is shown in the following program fragment OUTPUT 720 INIT CONT OFF OUTPUT 720 CONF ARR POW MAX OUTPUT 720 INIT IMM OUTPUT 720 FET...

Страница 127: ...er units Wave length units are not affected expected_value Constants Examples CONF ARR POW FETC ARR POW READ ARR POW MEAS ARR POW CONF SCAL POW 10 dBm FETC SCAL POW MAX READ SCAL POW MIN MEAS SCAL POW DEF Used With expected_value resolution SCALar optional ignored ARRay ignored ignored CONFigure command When this function is used with the CONFigure command the query question mark character must no...

Страница 128: ...elength mode and the marker is placed on the signal having a frequency that is closest to the expected_value parameter Default units for expected_value param eter are in Hz When used with an ARRay command an array of frequencies is returned The display is placed in the list by wavelength mode The resolution parameter sets the resolution of the measurement It is a unitless number whose value will b...

Страница 129: ...n example of the returned data Notice that the first returned number indicates the number of laser line val ues returned in the query 6 1 94055100E 014 1 93854100E 014 1 93653000E 014 1 93452000 E 014 1 93250900E 014 1 93050000E 014 CONFigure command When this function is used with the CONFigure command the query question mark character must not be included in the string However the FETCh READ and...

Страница 130: ...f the measurement It is a unitless number whose value will be limited to either 0 01 or 0 001 whichever is closer Returned values are in meters Displayed units are nanometers Power units are not affected expected_value Constants Used With expected_value resolution SCALar optional optional ARRay ignoreda a Although ignored this argument must be present if the resolution argument is specified option...

Страница 131: ...line is an example of a returned string when MEAS SCAL POW WAV MAX is sent 1 5529258E 006 If six laser lines are located and MEAS ARR POW WAV is sent the following string could be returned Notice that the first returned number indicates the number of laser line values returned in the query 6 1 54488100E 006 1 54648400E 006 1 54809000E 006 1 54969900E 006 1 55131100E 006 1 55292600E 006 MAXimum 0 0...

Страница 132: ...roportional to squared Watts linear units No amplitude or frequency correction is applied to the values To obtain the logarithmic dB result normalize the returned values by the largest value then take five times the logarithm of the normal ized values Be prepared to process a large amount of data when this query is sent The amount of data returned depends on the measurement update state of the ins...

Страница 133: ...values In FAST measurement mode the data consists of 32K values of which 7 525 values are returned In NORMAL measurement mode the frequency spacing between values is uniform and is equal to 3 613378 GHz Note that the spacing between values is not uni form in wavelength units The values returned are in ascending optical frequency The first value of the uncorrected frequency data corre sponds to an ...

Страница 134: ...strument will not respond to any new commands in its input buffer for up to 20 seconds This query will generate a Settings conflict error if the instrument is in the signal to noise average application CALCulate1 TRANsform FREQuency POINts integer MINimum MAXimum Sets the size of the fast Fourier transform FFT per formed by the instrument integer Sets FFT size Must be either 15 047 or 7 525 Other ...

Страница 135: ...ber of points in the data set This is the number of measure ment points that will be returned by the CALC1 DATA query Query Response For normal update 15 047 For fast update 7 525 Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a WAI command to ensure that this command has the time to complete before sending any more commands to the instrument Refer to Always force the Agilent 86121A to wait for...

Страница 136: ...e input laser line Attribute Summary Preset State not affected SCPI Compliance standard Query Only Constant Description FREQuency Queries the array of laser line frequencies after the peak search is completed If CALC2 PWAV STAT is on the power weighted average frequency is returned POWer Queries the array of laser line powers after the peak search is completed If CALC2 PWAV STAT is on the total in...

Страница 137: ...late2 PEXCursion integer MINimum MAXimum DEFault Sets the peak excursion limit used by the Agilent 86121A to determine valid laser line peaks integer represents logarithmic units in dB Valid range is 1 to 30 dB Attribute Summary Non sequential command Preset State 15 dB RST State 15 dB SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description A laser line is identified as a valid peak if its amplitude is gr...

Страница 138: ...ery Query Response For example if six laser lines are located 6 CALCulate2 PTHReshold integer MINimum MAXimum DEFault Sets the peak threshold limit used by the instrument to determine valid laser line peaks integer represents logarithmic units in dB Valid range is 0 to 40 Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a WAI command to ensure that this command has the time to complete before sen...

Страница 139: ...t value For example if the current value is set to 15 dB the following value is returned 15 CALCulate2 WLIMit STATe ON OFF 1 0 Turns wavelength limiting on and off Attribute Summary Non sequential command Preset State on RST State on SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description When this function is on the Agilent 86121A has an input range from the WLIMit STARt to the WLIMit STOP When this func...

Страница 140: ...start frequency will be clipped to the stop frequency and a Data out of range error will be generated The default units for the real parameter are hertz Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a WAI command to ensure that this command has the time to complete before sending any more commands to the instrument Refer to Always force the Agilent 86121A to wait for non sequential commands on...

Страница 141: ...nge error will be generated Setting the start wavelength is equivalent to setting the stop frequency wavenumber because of the inverse relationship of frequency to wavelength The default units for the real parameter are meters CALCulate2 WLIMit STOP FREQuency real MINimum MAXimum Sets the stopping frequency for the wavelength limit range real is a frequency value that is within the following limit...

Страница 142: ...elength real MINimum MAXimum Sets the stopping wavelength for the wavelength limit range real is a wavelength value that is within the following limits Attribute Summary Non sequential command Preset State 1650 nm RST State 1650 nm SCPI Compliance instrument specific Constant Description MINimum start wavelength limit MAXimum 236 0571 THz 1270 nm Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a...

Страница 143: ...rt wavelength and a Data out of range error will be generated Setting the start wavelength is equivalent to setting the start fre quency wavenumber because of the inverse relation ship of frequency to wavelength Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a WAI command to ensure that this command has the time to complete before sending any more commands to the instrument Refer to Always forc...

Страница 144: ...bry Perot measurements The commands in this subsystem have the following com mand hierarchy CALCulate3 ASNR CLEar COUNt STATe DATA DELTa POWer STATe PRESet REFerence FREQuency POWer WAVelength WAVelength STATe WPOWer STATe DRIFt DIFFerence STATe MAXimum STATe MINimum STATe PRESet REFerence RESet STATe STATe POINts PRESet ...

Страница 145: ...nts to be used for the signal to noise calculation integer is a value that is within the following limits Attribute Summary Preset State 100 RST State 100 SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description This command sets the number of measurements to be used for the signal to noise calculation If this count is changed while the signal calculation is on and the new count is less than the number of ...

Страница 146: ...AVelength Queries the data resulting from delta drift and signal to noise measurements Attribute Summary Preset State not affected SCPI Compliance standard Query Only Description The data returned by the query depends upon which calculation state is on If no calculation state is on an error is generated The returned data is comma delim Note Only one STATe command can be turned on at any one time A...

Страница 147: ...l wavelengths and powers CALCulate3 DELTa POWer STATe ON OFF 1 0 Turns the delta power measurement mode on and off Attribute Summary Preset State off RST State off SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description When this state is on the power of the reference laser line is subtracted from the power values of all laser lines except the reference The power data returned by the CALC3 DATA query is t...

Страница 148: ...will be the laser line at the frequency closest to the frequency entered Subsequent measure ments will use the frequency closest to the reference frequency used for the previous measurement The query returns the reference laser line s frequency The default units for the real parameter are Hz CALCulate3 DELTa REFerence POWer Queries the reference laser line s power level Attribute Summary Preset St...

Страница 149: ... off RST State off SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description When on the wavelength of the reference laser line is subtracted from the wavelength values of all laser lines except the reference For the CALC3 DATA query the power data returned is the array of absolute powers measured for each laser line The frequency data is the array of frequency val ues normalized to the frequency of the ref...

Страница 150: ... data is the array of frequency values nor malized to the frequency of the reference laser line The frequency of the reference laser line is returned as an absolute frequency unnormalized CALCulate3 DRIFt DIFFerence STATe ON OFF 1 0 Sets the drift calculation to subtract the minimum val ues measured from the maximum values measured Attribute Summary Preset State off RST State off SCPI Compliance i...

Страница 151: ...ate off RST State off SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description Use the CALC3 DRIF PRES command to turn off all the drift states before turning on this state The CALC3 DATA query returns the minimum power or frequency Note Only one STATe command can be turned on at any one time Attempting to turn more than one state on at a time results in a 221 Settings Conflict error Refer to Measure delta...

Страница 152: ... State unaffected by SCPI Compliance instrument specific Command Only CALCulate3 DRIFt REFerence STATe ON OFF 1 0 Turns on and off the drift reference state Attribute Summary Preset State off RST State off SCPI Compliance instrument specific Description When this command is set to on the CALC3 DATA command returns the reference laser lines Use the CALC3 DRIF PRES command to turn off all the drift ...

Страница 153: ...A query returns the power and fre quency of the current measurement minus the power and frequency of the reference Note Only one STATe command can be turned on at any one time Attempting to turn more than one state on at a time results in a 221 Settings Conflict error Refer to Measure delta drift and signal to noise on page 4 13 for additional information on selecting measurements Note Only one ST...

Страница 154: ...ific Query Only Description The value returned is the number of points returned by the CALC3 DATA query CALCulate3 PRESet Turns off any CALCulate3 calculation that is on Attribute Summary Preset State unaffected by RST State unaffected by SCPI Compliance instrument specific Command Only Description This command turns off any CALCulate3 calculation delta drift or signal to noise that is on ...

Страница 155: ...5 40 CONFigure Measurement Instruction CONFigure Measurement Instruction For information on the CONFigure measurement instruction refer to Measurement Instructions on page 5 11 ...

Страница 156: ...ST state Unaffected by SCPI Compliance Instrument specific Command Only DISPlay ERRor CLEar ALL Clears all the errors in the display s error queue Attribute Summary Preset State Unaffected by RST state Unaffected by SCPI Compliance Instrument specific Command Only DISPlay MARKer MAXimum Sets the marker to the laser line that has the maximum power Attribute Summary Preset State marker set to maximu...

Страница 157: ...ser line RST State marker set to maximum power laser line SCPI Compliance instrument specific Command Only DISPlay MARKer MAXimum PREVious Moves the marker to the laser line that has the next higher power level Attribute Summary Preset State marker set to maximum power laser line RST State marker set to maximum power laser line SCPI Compliance instrument specific Command Only DISPlay MARKer MAXimu...

Страница 158: ...urns on and off the display of the power bars Attribute Summary Preset State on RST State on SCPI Compliance standard Description Specifying on displays the power bars except in drift and signal to noise measurements Specifying off pre vents the display of power bars ...

Страница 159: ...5 44 FETCh Measurement Instruction FETCh Measurement Instruction For information on the FETCh measurement instruc tion refer to Measurement Instructions on page 5 11 ...

Страница 160: ...ument Attribute Summary Preset State not affected RST State internal SCPI Compliance standard Command Only Description Selects the I O port for hardcopy output This affects subsequent presses of the Print key and the HCOPy IMMediate command HCOPy IMMediate Prints measurement results on a printer Attribute Summary Preset State not affected RST State internal SCPI Compliance standard Command Only De...

Страница 161: ...5 46 MEASure Measurement Instruction MEASure Measurement Instruction For information on the MEASure measurement instruc tion refer to Measurement Instructions on page 5 11 ...

Страница 162: ...has the following command hierarchy MMEMory STORe TABLe MMEMory STORe TABLe Creates a new file and stores the present data on the internal disk drive of the instrument The data will be stored in the root directory under an automatically gen erated file name ...

Страница 163: ...5 48 READ Measurement Instruction READ Measurement Instruction For information on the READ measurement instruction refer to Measurement Instructions on page 5 11 ...

Страница 164: ...the wavelength based upon the peak The broad bandwidth algorithm used for LEDs filters and chirped lasers determines the wavelength based upon the center of mass of the power spectrum The peak excursion function is used to determine the value of the integration limits Care must be taken to ensure that the integration limits are above any noise This is especially true when measuring devices with sl...

Страница 165: ...I Compliance instrument specific Description Changing the elevation value causes the current data to be reprocessed Query Response The query form returns the current elevation setting as shown in the following example 1500 SENSe CORRection OFFSet MAGNitude real MINimum MAXimum Enters an offset for amplitude values real is the logarithmic units in dB Constant Description MINimum 0 m MAXimum 5000 m ...

Страница 166: ...ion Refer to Measurement Instructions on page 5 11 When NORMAL measurement update is specified over 2 200 kilobytes of data 217 values can be returned to the computer When FAST measurement update is speci fied over 1 100 kilobytes of data 216 values can be returned The floating point values are scaled from 1 000 to 1 999756 1 4095 4096 Amplitude values are not calibrated The input laser line s gen...

Страница 167: ... the output buffer Because of the amount of data processed the instrument will not respond to any new commands in its input buffer for 30 or 40 seconds Query Response The following string shows an example of the first few measurements returned by this query 1 51367200E 000 1 51855500E 000 1 49902300E 000 1 47949200E 000 1 50488300E 000 1 53320300E 000 1 50097700E 000 1 47265 600E 000 1 50293000E 0...

Страница 168: ... ENABle EVENt NTRansition PTRansition PRESet QUEStionable CONDition ENABle EVENt NTRansition PTRansition STATus OPERation QUEStionable CONDition Queries the value of the questionable or operation con dition register Query Response 0 to 32767 Attribute Summary Preset State none RST State none SCPI Compliance standard Query Only Description Use this command to read the value of the OPERation Status ...

Страница 169: ...the questionable status or bit 7 for the operation status in the status byte will be set Example OUTPUT 720 STATUS QUESTIONABLE ENABLE 1024 Query Response When queried the largest value that can be returned is 65535 This is because the most significant register bit cannot be set true STATus OPERation QUEStionable EVENt Queries the contents of the questionable or operation event registers Query Res...

Страница 170: ...alue from 0 to 65535 When queried the largest value that can be returned is 32767 This is because the most significant register bit cannot be set true Example OUTPUT 720 STATUS OPER NTRansition 16 STATus OPERation PTRansition integer Selects bits in the event register which can be set by positive transitions of the corresponding bits in the con dition register integer an integer from 0 to 65535 At...

Страница 171: ... the PTRansition and NTRansition filters Attribute Summary Preset State none RST State none SCPI Compliance standard Command Only Description The PRESet command is defined by SCPI to affect the enable register If you want to clear all event registers and queues use the CLS command Example OUTPUT 720 STATUS PRESET Status Node Preset Value Operation enable register 0 Questionable enable register 0 P...

Страница 172: ... none SCPI Compliance standard Query Only Description The Agilent 86121A has a 30 entry error queue The queue is a first in first out buffer Repeatedly sending the query SYSTEM ERROR returns the error numbers and descriptions in the order in which they occur until the queue is empty Any further queries returns 0 No errors until another error occurs For a complete list of error messages refer to Er...

Страница 173: ...ny of the following digits convey the byte count The next digits give the actual byte count For example in the listing below 4387 bytes are indicated in the file Each command in the listing is separated by a linefeed character The following is an example of the first few lines and last few lines returned in the string The term nquery indicates that a command cannot be sent as a query The term qonl...

Страница 174: ...te Stop wavelength 1650 nm last state Graphical display off off Measurement acquisition continuous last state Elevation correction value not affected last state Wavelength units nm last state Power offset 0 dB last state Peak threshold 10 dB last state Peak excursion 15 dB last state Measurement speed normal last state Device bandwidth narrowband last state Drift measurements off off Delta measure...

Страница 175: ...ion of SCPI that the WDM channel ana lyzer complies with Attribute Summary Preset State none RST State none SCPI Compliance standard Query Only Description The SCPI version used in the Agilent 86121A is 1995 0 Serial port settings not affected last state Remote interface not affected last state Power bar display on last state Selected printer not affected last state Item Settings after Preset Key ...

Страница 176: ... in the idle state Attribute Summary Preset State not affected SCPI Compliance standard Command Only Description If the instrument is configured for continuous measure ments a new measurement sequence will begin Other wise the instrument stays in the idle state until a new measurement is initiated INITiate CONTinuous ON OFF 1 0 Selects single or continuous measurement acquisition Attribute Summary...

Страница 177: ...d has the time to complete before sending any more commands to the instrument Refer to Always force the Agilent 86121A to wait for non sequential commands on page 4 11 for more information Non sequential command Always use an OPC query or a WAI command to ensure that this command has the time to complete before sending any more commands to the instrument Refer to Always force the Agilent 86121A to...

Страница 178: ...pter 6 Performance Tests Test 1 Absolute Wavelength Accuracy 6 4 Test 2 Sensitivity 6 5 Test 3 Polarization Dependence 6 7 Test 4 Optical Input Return Loss 6 8 Test 5 Amplitude Accuracy and Linearity 6 11 ...

Страница 179: ... 5 Test 3 Polarization Dependence 6 7 Test 4 Optical Input Return Loss 6 8 Test 5 Amplitude Accuracy and Linearity 6 11 Allow the 86121A to warm up for 15 minutes before doing any of the performance tests Calibration Cycle This instrument requires periodic verification of perfor mance The instrument should have a complete verifi cation of specifications at least once every year Connector Cleaning ...

Страница 180: ...ator Agilent 8156A or equivalent 1310 nm and 1550 nm DFB lasers 0 dBm output pow er 0 005 dB stability for 10 minutes Agilent 11896A Polarization Controller Agilent 8153A Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 81553SM 1550 nm Fabry Perot laser SM 9 125 µm Source Module Agilent 81534A Return Loss Module Optical patch cables appropriate for the connector style under test ...

Страница 181: ... the Agilent 86121A can be damaged when total input power exceeds 18 dBm Procedure 1 Connect the output of the fiber coupled 1523 nm HeNe laser to the OPTICAL INPUT of the Agilent 86121A 2 Turn on the HeNe and allow the laser to warm up for 15 minutes 3 On the font panel of the Agilent 86121A press the Preset key Press MORE UNITS WL and then THZ 4 Read the frequency measured on the Agilent 86121A ...

Страница 182: ...nput optical attenuator 2 Connect the output of the optical attenuator to the input of the optical power meter 3 Adjust the attenuator for a reading of 0 dBm on the power meter Record the setting of the attenuator Attenuation at 0 dBm ____________ 4 Adjust the attenuator for a reading of 35 dBm on the power meter Record the setting of the attenuator Attenuation at 35 dBm ____________ 5 Disconnect ...

Страница 183: ...6 6 Test 2 Sensitivity 9 Read the power and wavelength measured on the Agilent 86121 and compare them to the specifications listed in Chapter 7 Specifications and Regulatory Information ...

Страница 184: ...e 1550 nm laser 1 Turn on the lasers and allow them to warm up 2 Set the polarization controller to a scan rate of 5 3 On the Agilent 86121A press the Preset key 4 Connect the optical output of the laser to the optical input of the polarization controller 5 Connect the optical output of the polarization controller to the 86121A being tested 6 Set the polarization controller to autoscan 7 On the Ag...

Страница 185: ... Locate an HMS 10 HP HRL to FC PC patchcord Connect the HMS 10 HP HRL end of the patchcord to the OUTPUT connector of the return loss module Terminate the other end of the cable 5 Zero the return loss module 6 Turn on the source module 7 Remove the termination from the cable Leave the free end of the cable uncovered 8 The return loss module measures the reflection reference 14 6 dB return loss of ...

Страница 186: ...le 5 Zero the return loss module 6 Turn on the source module 7 Remove the termination from the cable and connect the FC APC end of an FC APC to FC PC cable to the free end of this cable Leave the free end of the cable uncovered 8 The return loss module measures the reflection reference 14 6 dB return loss of the FC PC connector of the patchcord in air 9 Disconnect the FC APC to FC PC cable 10 Make...

Страница 187: ...pair loss is 0 5 dB then the actual return loss caused by the 14 6 dB Fresnel reflection is 15 6 dB but we enter 14 6 dB as an R value Then if the device under test return loss is exactly 40 dB below that of the 14 6 Fresnel reflection the optical return loss module will display 53 6 dB because the 0 5 dB connector pair loss seen twice is removed In reality the return loss is 54 6 dB exactly 40 dB...

Страница 188: ...ect the optical output of the polarization controller to the input of the optical power meter 5 Configure the optical power meter for 1550 nm 6 Adjust the optical attenuator so that the power meter measures a power level of 0 dBm 7 Enter the attenuator setting and the measured power level in the first row of Table 6 1 on page 6 13 Be sure to enter these values into the Attenuator Settings and Powe...

Страница 189: ...Enter the maximum drift reading on the following line maximum drift ____________ 17 Press the MAX MIN softkey so that MIN is highlighted Enter the minimum drift reading on the following line minimum drift ____________ 18 Use the values recorded in Step 8 Step 16 and Step 17 to calculate the power correction offset value as shown in the following equation Enter the calculated value on the following...

Страница 190: ...tion The data may show multiple amplitude plateaus separated by small amplitude steps This is not a problem as long as the amplitude steps are within the linearity specification Table 6 1 Linearity Data Values Desired Power dBm Attenuator Setting Power Meter Reading Agilent 86121A Power Reading Linearity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ...

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Страница 192: ...ations and Regulatory Information Definition of Terms 7 3 Specifications NORMAL Update Mode 7 6 Specifications FAST Update Mode 7 9 Operating Specifications 7 12 Regulatory Information 7 13 Declaration of Conformity 7 14 ...

Страница 193: ...to 55 C and relative humidity 95 unless otherwise noted All specifications apply after the temperature of the instrument has been stabi lized after 15 minutes of continuous operation Characteristics provide useful information by giving functional but nonwarranted performance parameters Characteristics are printed in italics Calibration Cycle This instrument requires periodic verification of perfor...

Страница 194: ...on indicates the mini mum wavelength separation of two laser lines required to measure each wavelength simultaneously Two laser lines closer in wavelength than the minimum resolvable separation are not resolved and one average wavelength is displayed Display Resolution indicates the minimum incremen tal change in displayed wavelength Amplitude Calibration Accuracy indicates the maximum power calib...

Страница 195: ...vity may be limited by total input power Selectivity Selectivity indicates the ability to measure the wave length and power of a weak laser line in the proximity of a specified stronger laser line and separated by the specified amount Input Power Maximum displayed level indicates the maximum total input power total of all laser lines present to accurately measure wavelength and power Maximum safe ...

Страница 196: ...inition of Terms 7 5 Measurement Cycle Time Measurement cycle time refers to the cycle time when measuring wavelength and power of laser lines Specific advanced applications may require longer cycle times ...

Страница 197: ...band devices Specifica tions do not apply when the instrument is configured to measure broadband devices Refer to To measure broadband devices and chirped lasers on page 3 4 Wavelength Range 1270 1650 nm Absolute accuracy lines separated by 15 GHz 2 ppm 0 003 nm at 1550 nm and 1310 nm Differential accuracy characteristic 1 ppm Minimum resolvable separationa characteristic 10 GHz 0 08 nm at 1550 nm...

Страница 198: ...0 nm characteristic 1 0 dB Display resolution 0 01 dB Sensitivity 1270 1600 nm single line input 40 dBm 1600 1650 nm single line input 30 dBm 1270 1650 nm multiple lines input characteristic 30 dB below total input power but not less than single line input sensitivity Selectivity Two lines input separated by 50 GHz characteristic 25 dB Two lines input separated by 15 GHz characteristic 10 dB Input...

Страница 199: ...rs Option 022 50 dB Measurement Cycle Time Normal update mode characteristic 1 0 s 1 measurement per second Measurement Applications Signal to Noise Ratio modulated lasers characteristic a channel spacing 100 GHz 35 dB with 100 averages channel spacing 50 GHz 27 dB with 100 averages a 0 1 nm noise bandwidth lines above 25 dBm ...

Страница 200: ...vices Specifica tions do not apply when the instrument is configured to measure broadband devices Refer to To measure broadband devices and chirped lasers on page 3 4 Wavelength Range 1270 1650 nm Absolute accuracy lines separated by 30 GHz 3 ppm 0 005 nm at 1550 nm 0 004 nm at 1310 nm Differential accuracy characteristic 2 ppm Minimum resolvable separationa characteristic 20 GHz 0 16 nm at 1550 n...

Страница 201: ... nm characteristic 1 0 dB Display resolution 0 01 dB Sensitivity 1270 1600 nm single line input 40 dBm 1600 1650 nm single line input 30 dBm 1270 1650 nm multiple lines input characteristic 30 dB below total input power but not less than single line input sensitivity Selectivity Two lines input separated by 100 GHz characteristic 25 dB Two lines input separated by 30 GHz characteristic 10 dB Input...

Страница 202: ...s Option 022 50 dB Measurement Cycle Time Fast update mode characteristic 0 5 s 2 measurements per second Measurement Applications Signal to Noise Ratio modulated lasers characteristic a channel spacing 200 GHz 35 dB with 100 averages channel spacing 100 GHz 27 dB with 100 averages a 0 1 nm noise bandwidth lines above 25 dBm ...

Страница 203: ...32 V range 230 VAC 198 254 V Frequency nominal 50 Hz 60 Hz range 47 63 Hz Altitude Up to 15 000 feet 4 572 meters Operating temperature 0 C to 55 C Maximum relative humidity 80 for temperatures up to 31 C decreasing linearly to 50 relative humidity at 40 C Laser Classification FDA Laser Class I according to 21 CFR 1040 10 IEC Laser Class 1 according to IEC 60825 Weight 11 kg 25 lb Dimensions H W D...

Страница 204: ...n FDA Laser Class I IEC Laser Class 1 laser This product complies with 21 CFR 1040 10 and 1040 11 Notice for Germany Noise Declaration Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission LpA 70 dB LpA 70 dB Operator position am Arbeitsplatz Normal position normaler Betrieb per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t 19 ...

Страница 205: ...7 14 Regulatory Information Declaration of Conformity ...

Страница 206: ...Cords 8 10 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 8 11 Choosing the Right Connector 8 11 Inspecting Connectors 8 14 Cleaning Connectors 8 18 Printer Head Cleaning Procedure 8 22 Returning the Instrument for Service 8 25 Preparing the Instrument for Shipping 8 26 Agilent Technologies Service Offices 8 28 ...

Страница 207: ...ace connector 1 1005 0587 Option 417 Add angled 10 dB external attenuator SC APC interface connector 1 1005 0588 Option 900 Great Britain power cord 1 8120 1703 Option 901 Australia New Zealand China power cord 1 8120 0696 Option 902 European power cord 1 8120 1692 Option 906 Switzerland power cord 1 8120 2296 Option 912 Denmark power cord 1 8120 2957 Option 917 India South Africa power cord 1 812...

Страница 208: ...r did not stop motor did not stop as expected 9 Motor motion error motor position error exceeded lim 10 Motor position limit failed position limit interrupt occurred 11 Motor position wrap failed position wrap took too long 12 Power level too high overrange on the ADC 13 Data download problem FIFO download timed out 14 Data acquisition problem filling FIFO timed out 15 Max number of signals found ...

Страница 209: ... out 42 Printout was aborted print out was aborted 43 Internal printer head up internal printer head up error 44 Internal printer voltage internal printer Vp voltage err 45 Internal printer head temp internal printer head temp error 46 RS232 parity error RS232 port parity error 47 RS232 framing error RS232 framing error 48 RS232 FIFO overrun error RS232 FIFO overrun error 49 RS232 buffer overflow ...

Страница 210: ...eference signal no reference signal 63 Gain ranging error gain ranged too many times 64 Incompatible Hardware hardware incompatible with FW 65 Day invalid for month year day was out of range for month 66 Day changed to max for month day changed to max for month 67 Clock battery failed real time clock battery failed 68 Clock failed initialization real time clock failed 69 Unknown error unknown erro...

Страница 211: ...ogram mnemonic too long 113 Undefined header 120 Numeric data error 121 Invalid character in number 123 Exponent too large 124 Too many digits 128 Numeric data not allowed 131 Invalid suffix 134 Suffix too long 138 Suffix not allowed 141 Invalid character data 148 Character data not allowed 150 String data error 151 Invalid string data 158 String data not allowed 161 Invalid block data 168 Block d...

Страница 212: ...ft minimum state simultaneously or turning on SNR state while drift or delta state is on 222 Data out of range 223 Too much data 224 Illegal parameter value 230 Data stale Caused by trying to query measurement data immediately after a RST command For example sending RST FETCh or sending RST CALC2 DATA pow 232 Data questionable Caused by sending a resolution value in one of the measurement function...

Страница 213: ... Query INTERRUPTED 420 Query UNTERMINATED 430 Query DEADLOCKED 440 Query UNTERMINATED after indef resp Query was unterminated after an indefinite response Table 8 3 General SCPI Error Messages 3 of 3 Error Number Description ...

Страница 214: ...nel Fiber Optic Adapters The FC PC adapter is the standard adapter supplied with the instrument Dust Covers Part Number FC connector 1005 0594 Diamond HMS 10 connector 1005 0593 DIN connector 1005 0595 ST connector 1005 0596 SC connector 1005 0597 ...

Страница 215: ...y nations 125V 8120 1378 8120 1521 8120 1992 Straight NEMA5 15P 90 Straight Medical UL544 90 228 90 228 96 244 Jade Gray Jade Gray Black United States Canada Mexico Philippines Taiwan 250V 8120 2104 8120 2296 Straight SEV1011 1959 24507 Type 12 90 79 200 79 200 Mint Gray Mint Gray Switzerland 220V 8120 2956 8120 2957 Straight DHCK107 90 79 200 79 200 Mint Gray Mint Gray Denmark 250V 8120 4211 8120...

Страница 216: ...that holds the fer rule in position against another identical ferrule Con nectors also vary in the polish curve and concentricity of the core within the cladding Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter Agilent Technolo gies offers adapters for most instruments to allow test ing with many different cables Figure 8 1 on page 8 12 shows the basic components of a typical connectors Th...

Страница 217: ...promise between perfor mance reliability and cost If properly maintained and cleaned this connector can withstand many repeated connections However many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors including the FC PC style can deliver These instruments cannot tol erate connectors with the large non concentricities of the fiber common with ceramic style ferrules When t...

Страница 218: ...on of the Diamond HMS 10 connector The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired posi tion This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near center location then uses a post active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0 2 µm This process plus the keyed axis allows very precise core to co...

Страница 219: ...ot always practical An awareness of potential problems along with good cleaning practices can ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained With glass to glass interfaces it is clear that any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber any stray particles or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector per formance Figure 8 4 shows the end of a clean fiber optic cable The d...

Страница 220: ...onnectors on page 8 18 Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when making measurements on a fiber optic system Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the connector Avoid matching gel and oils Figure 8 4 Clean problem free fiber end and ferrule Figure 8 5 Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning ...

Страница 221: ...nued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the instrument When inserting a fiber optic cable into a connector gen tly insert it in as straight a line as possible Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connec tors made with ceramic material When inserting a fiber optic connector into a connector make sure that...

Страница 222: ...t are a good indication that you have good connec tions Since return loss and insertion loss are key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to determine connector degradation A smooth polished fiber end should produce a good return loss measurement The quality of the polish establishes the difference between the PC physical contact and the Super PC connectors Most co...

Страница 223: ...ing Connectors The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiber optic cables and Agilent universal adapters The initial cleaning using the alcohol as a sol vent gently removes any grit and oil If a caked on layer of material is still present this can happen if the beryl lium copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during inse...

Страница 224: ...rrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of the fiber 3 Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint free cotton swab or lens paper 4 Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper Table 8 4 Cleaning Accessories Item Agilent Part Number Isopropyl alcohol 8500 5344 Cotton swabs 8520 0023 Small foam swabs 9300 1223 Compressed dust remover non residue 8500 5262 Table 8 5 Dust Ca...

Страница 225: ...vided on the compressed air canister 7 As soon as the connector is dry connect or cover it for later use If the performance after the initial cleaning seems poor try cleaning the connector again Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance The second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action To clean an adapter The fiber optic input and output connectors on many Agilent in...

Страница 226: ...isk of contamination by foam swabs 2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab 3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean dry foam swab 4 Blow through the adapter using filtered dry compressed air Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used Do not shake tip or invert compressed air canis ters because this releases particles in the can into the air Refer to instructions provided on the co...

Страница 227: ...atic safe Work Station Figure 8 8 on page 8 23 shows an example of a static safe work station using conductive table and floor mats and wrist and heel straps To ensure user safety the static safe accessories must provide at least 1 MΩ of isolation from ground Refer to Table 8 6 for informa tion on ordering static safe accessories Table 8 6 Static Safe Accessories Part Number Description 9300 0797 ...

Страница 228: ...ument at a static safe work station as described in the introduction to this procedure 3 Use a coin or screwdriver to open the printer door that is located on the top of the instrument C AUT IO N Avoid dropping the coin or screwdriver used to open the printer door into the printer assembly 4 Lift up the paper latch as shown in the following diagram and remove the paper ...

Страница 229: ...ical position Then tilt the lever towards the rear panel of the instrument to rotate the printer head up 7 Clean the printer head using a cotton swab and isopropyl alcohol C AUTI O N Use of other cleaning materials or fluids may damage the printer 8 After the printer head has thoroughly dried use the printer head lever to return the printer head to its original position 9 Replace and secure the sh...

Страница 230: ... 800 403 0801 If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent maintenance contract it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract the war ranty is at the front of this manual If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agi lent maintenance plan Agilent will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit When an instrum...

Страница 231: ...rned instrument List of any accessories returned with instrument 2 Cover all front or rear panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument C AUTI O N Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust C AUTI O N Instrument damage can result fr...

Страница 232: ... cm 3 inches of packing material to protect the instru ment and prevent it from moving in the carton If packing foam is not available the best alternative is S D 240 Air Cap from Sealed Air Corporation Commerce California 90001 Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles Use the pink an tistatic Air Cap to reduce static electricity Wrap ping the instrument several times in this mate...

Страница 233: ...sted below Agilent Technologies Service Numbers Austria 01 25125 7171 Belgium 32 2 778 37 71 Brazil 11 7297 8600 China 86 10 6261 3819 Denmark 45 99 12 88 Finland 358 10 855 2360 France 01 69 82 66 66 Germany 0180 524 6330 India 080 34 35788 Italy 39 02 9212 2701 Ireland 01 615 8222 Japan 81 426 56 7832 Korea 82 2 3770 0419 Mexico 5 258 4826 Netherlands 020 547 6463 Norway 22 73 57 59 Russia 7 095...

Страница 234: ...6 7 9 BY PWR annotation 2 7 BY WL annotation 2 7 C cabinet cleaning iv CAL softkey 1 8 CALCulate1 subsystem 5 17 CALCulate2 subsystem 5 21 CALCulate3 subsystem 4 13 4 33 4 36 4 38 5 29 calibration accuracy 7 3 cycle 6 2 7 2 measurements 3 25 care of cabinet iv of fiber optics 1 10 2 13 case sensitivity 4 23 channel spacing 3 13 characteristics 7 6 chirped lasers 3 4 classification laser iii 7 12 c...

Страница 235: ...ELEV softkey 1 8 3 25 elevation changing feet to meters 1 8 3 26 effects of 3 25 entering 1 8 3 25 ELEVation programming command 5 49 5 50 ENABle programming command 5 54 EOI signal 4 26 Err_mngmt subroutine 4 29 error messages 8 3 queue 4 20 ERRor programming command 5 57 Error_msg subroutine 4 28 ESE 4 28 5 3 ESR 5 4 EVENT programming command 5 53 5 54 event status enable register 4 28 5 3 examp...

Страница 236: ... 25 channel spacing 3 13 cycle time 7 5 7 8 7 11 definition of peaks 3 9 elevation effects of 3 25 flatness 3 14 via GPIB 4 5 instructions 4 22 5 11 laser drift 3 15 laser line separation 3 12 modulated lasers effects of 3 22 monitoring performance over time 3 15 of broadband devices 3 4 PRBS format present 3 23 relative power 3 12 relative wavelength 3 12 signal to noise 3 18 SONET format present...

Страница 237: ...oftkey 3 14 3 15 3 17 return loss 7 4 7 8 7 11 returning data 4 26 for service 8 25 RF modulation 3 23 RIGHT programming command 5 42 RST 4 3 4 29 5 6 Run key 3 16 S safety iv symbols 1 2 2 2 sales and service offices 8 28 SCALar programming command 5 11 SCPI standard commands for programma ble instruments standard 4 2 syntax rules 4 22 SELECT softkey 3 13 selectivity 7 4 7 7 7 10 semicolon 4 22 s...

Страница 238: ... softkey 3 7 up arrow softkey 2 7 UPDATE softkey 3 8 uppercase letters 4 23 V vacuum measurements in 3 25 VERSion programming command 5 60 W WAI 5 10 wavelength definition of 7 3 input range 3 2 range 5 24 separation 3 12 specifications 7 6 7 9 WAVelength programming command 5 15 5 33 WDM flatness 3 13 system 3 12 white space characters 4 24 WL LIM softkey 1 9 WL softkey 3 13 WL PWR softkey 3 13 W...

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Страница 240: ...quipment Have surplus equipment taking up shelf space We ll give it a new home Learn more Visit us at artisantg com for more info on price quotes drivers technical specifications manuals and documentation Artisan Scientific Corporation dba Artisan Technology Group is not an affiliate representative or authorized distributor for any manufacturer listed herein We re here to make your life easier How...

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