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Each of the following message types fulfills a particular requirement of network managers:
Get Request
– Specific values can be fetched using the get request to determine the
performance and state of the device. Typically, many different values and parameters
can be determined using SNMP without the overhead associated with logging into the
device, or establishing a TCP connection with the device.
Get Next Request
– Enables the SNMP standard network managers to walk through all
SNMP values of a device (using the get-next request) to determine all names and values
that the device supports. This is accomplished by beginning with the first SNMP object to
be fetched, fetching the next name with a get-next, and repeating this operation until an
error is encountered (indicating that all MIB object names have been walked).
Set Request
– The SNMP standard provides a method of effecting an action associated
with a device (using the set request) to accomplish activities such as disabling interfaces,
disconnecting users, and clearing registers. This provides a way of configuring and
controlling network devices using SNMP.
Trap Message
– The SNMP standard furnishes a mechanism by which devices can
reach out to a network manager on their own (using the trap message) to notify the
manager of a problem with the device. This typically requires each device on the network
to be configured to issue SNMP traps to one or more network devices that are awaiting
these traps. The Trap messages are send to SNMP Manager. The IP address of SNMP
Manager is defined in the INI file or with a web browser (in Network Settings)
SNMP MIB Objects
The SNMP MIB is arranged in a tree-structured fashion, similar in many ways to a disk
directory structure of files. The top level SNMP branch begins with the ISO internet directory,
which contains four main branches:
The mgmt SNMP branch contains the standard SNMP objects usually supported (at least
in part) by all network devices.
The private SNMP branch contains those extended SNMP objects defined by network
equipment vendors.
The experimental and directory SNMP branches, also defined within the internet root
directory, are usually devoid of any meaningful data or objects.
The tree structure described above is an integral part of the SNMP standard; however, the
most pertinent parts of the tree are the leaf objects of the tree that provide actual
management data regarding the device. Generally, SNMP leaf objects can be partitioned into
two similar but slightly different types that reflect the organization of the tree structure:
Discrete MIB Objects
– Contain one precise piece of management data. These objects
are often distinguished from Table items (below) by adding a .0 (dot-zero) extension to
their names. The operator must merely know the name of the object and no other
information.
Table MIB Objects
– Contain multiple pieces of management data. These objects are
distinguished from Discrete items by requiring a dot (.) extension to their names that
uniquely distinguishes the particular value being referenced. The dot (.) extension is the
instance number of an SNMP object. In the case of Discrete objects, this instance
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Страница 88: ...88 3Com VCX V7122 SIP VoIP Gateway User Manual General Data Sheet Figure 24 General Data Sheet ...
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