Ilumina GL Users Guide 89
Effects of Chronic Exposure:
Not available.
In a study in rats of chronic inhalation exposure to a typical toner, a mild to
moderate degree of lung
fi
brosis was observed in 92% of the rats in the high
concentration (16 mg/m3) exposure group. A minimal to mild degree of lung
fi
brosis was observed in 22% of the rats in the middle (4 mg/m3) exposure group.
No pulmonary change was reported in the lowest (1 mg/m3) exposure group, the
most relevant level to potential human exposures.
Exposure Limits (ACGIH TLV):
Inhalable Particulates:
10 mg/m3
Respirable Particulates:
3 mg/m3
Irritancy:
Not available.
Sensitivity:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity
IARC
Carbon
Black
: Group 2B “Possible Carcinogen.” This classi
fi
cation is given
to chemicals for which there is inadequate human evidence, but suf
fi
cient
animal evidence on which to base an opinion of carcinogenicity. The
classi
fi
cation is based upon the development of lung tumors in rats receiving
chronic inhalation exposure to free carbon black at levels that induce particle
overload of the lung. Studies performed in animal models other than rats did
not show any association between carbon black and lung tumors. Moreover,
a two-year cancer bioassay using a typical toner preparation containing
carbon black demonstrated no association between toner exposure and tumor
development in rats.
NTP:
No components are listed.
OSHA: Carbon black is designated hazardous according to OSHA 29 CFR
910.1200.
Reproductive Toxicity
: Not available.
Teratogenicity:
Not available.
Mutagenicity:
Not available.
Names of Toxicologically Synergistic Products:
Not available.
Reactivity Data
Stability:
Stable in general.
