67
1DVWDYLWHY SULVORQD ]D REUREOMDQMH REUH]RYDQMH
XSRGRELWHY
3UL REUREOMDQMX REUH]RYDQMX OHVD MH PDWHULDO NL
L]KDMDOHYRRGUH]NDOQLNDWDQMåLRGPDWHULDODQDGHVQL
VWUDQL
/HYR SULVORQVNR OHWHY MH SRWUHEQR ]D SULODJRGLWHY
QDVWDYLWL QD WDQMåL PDWHULDO 6 WHP ERVWH PDWHULDO
SRGSUOLLQ]DJRWRYLOLQDWDQĀHQUH]2GYLMWHSULYRMQLYLMDN
SULVORQSRPDNQLWHQDSUHMLQJDSRQRYQRSULWUGLWH
,QåWDODFLMD LQ QDVWDYLWHY SULWLVQLK OHWHY XSRGRELWHY
3ULWLVQH OHWYH SULGUçXMHMR REGHORYDQHF LQ SUHSUHĀXMHMR
SRYUDWQLXGDU
1DVWDYLWHYPHULOD]DSUHĀQHUH]H
0HULORGUVLYRGRUDYQRY]GROçPL]HGDODKNRL]YDMDWH
REUREQHLQ]DMHUDOQHUH]H
'D EL PHULOR ]D SUHĀQH UH]H QDVWDYLOL QD çHOHQL NRW
UD]UDKOMDMWH JXPE PHULOD LQ PHULOR ]DYUWLWH Y çHOHQL
NRW3RQDVWDYLWYLJXPESRQRYQRSULYLMWH
8SRGRELWHY
3UHGSUYRXSRUDERMHSRWUHEQRYHGQRRSUDYLWLWHVWQLUH]
QDNRVXRGSDGQHJDPDWHULDODVDMODKNROHWDNRSUHYHULWH
ĀHVRQDVWDYLWYHSUDYLOQH
9NORSL]NORSXSRGRELWHY
3UHG YNORSRP VH SUHSULĀDMWH GD VR L] UH]NDOQH PL]H
RGVWUDQMHQL YVL NOMXĀL LQ QDVWDYQR RURGMH WHU GD VWH
RSUDYLOLYVHSRWUHEQHQDVWDYLWYHLQQDPHVWLOLYVH]DåĀLWQH
SULSUDYH
6WLNDOR]DYNORSL]NORSVHSUHNODSOMDSUHNRYDUQRVWQHJD
VWLNDODNLLPDUGHĀLSRNURYLQMHSRYH]QMHQSUHNRVWLNDOD
]DYNORSL]NORS
=DYNORSQDSUHMSULWLVQLWHQD]DSLUDOQLJXPEXSRG
SRNURY VWLNDOD GYLJQLWH QDY]JRU LQ JD PRĀQR GUçLWH
XSRG QDWR SULWLVQLWH QD YNORSQL JXPE XSRG
1DSUDYDVH]DçHQH3RNURYVSXVWLWHQD]DMQDVWLNDORD
JDQH]DSULWH
=DL]NORSHQRVWDYQRSULWLVQLWHQDUGHĀLSRNURYNLVHQDWR
]DVNRĀL6WHPERVWHSULWLVQLOLWXGLQDVSRGDMOHçHĀLJXPE
]DL]NORSLQWDNRSUHNLQLOLGRYRGHOHNWULĀQHHQHUJLMH=D
SRQRYQLYNORSPRUDWHSRNURYL]VNRĀLWLLQSULY]GLJQLWL7D
QDSUDYDLPD]DGRGDWQR]DåĀLWRQDPHåĀHQåHHOHNWUR
PDJQHWQR VWLNDOR .R VH SUHNLQH GRWRN HOHNWULĀQH
HQHUJLMHVHVWLNDORYUQHYL]NORSOMHQSRORçDM=DSRQRYQL
]DJRQPRWRUMDMHSRWUHEQRSRQRYQRSULWLVQLWLQD]HOHQL
YNORSQLJXPE
1DVWDYHQLHRGSDGXGUiçN\2EU
2GSDG]GUHYDMHPDWHULiO]REURENXNWRUìMHY\S~åőDQì
]YìVWXSXIUp]RYDFLHKRQiVWURMH-HRPQRKRWHQåtDNR
REURERNNWRUìRSUDFRYiYDWH
+UDGHQLHPXVtE\őQDVWDYHQpQDWHQWRWHQåtPDWHULiO
ĀR XPRçQt SUHVQHMåt UH] D OHSåLH YHGHQLH REURENX
7RWR SUHYHGLHWH WDN çH XYROQtWH VStQDFLH åUyE\
]DWODĀtWHKUDGHQtGRSUHGXDGRWLDKQHWHKR
,QåWDORYDQLHDQDVWDYHQLHWODNRYìFKPHG]HU\
7ODNRYp PHG]HU\ V~ QDYUKQXWp WDN DE\ REURERN
GUçDOQDPLHVWHDQH]YUWROVD
1DVWDYHQLHSUtSUDYNXSUHSULHĀQ\UH]
3UH SUHYHGHQLH SULHĀQHKR UH]X DOHER SUH RGORçHQLH
RGSDGRYpKRGUHYDSUtSUDYRNSRV~YDMWHYRGRURYQH
SR]GİçVWROD
$E\ VWH SUtSUDYRN QDVWDYLOL GR SRçDGRYDQpKR XKOX
SRYRĴWHSRLVWQìNROtNDQDVWDYWHSRçDGRYDQìXKRO
3RWRP]DLVWLWHSRLVWQìNROtN
2EU
=DNDçGìPVLXUREWHWHVWRYDFtUH]QDRGSDGRYRPGUHYH
DE\VWHVDXLVWLOLçHYDåHQDVWDYHQLHMHVSUiYQH
=DStQDQLHDY\StQDQLH2EU
8LVWLWH VD çH YåHWN\ NĴ~ĀH D GLHO\ V~ YGRVWDWRĀQHM
Y]GLDOHQRVWLRGVWRODIUp]N\çHPiWHQDVWDYHQìVW{OSRGĴD
9DåLFKSRçLDGDYLHNDYåHWN\EH]SHĀQRVWQpRFKUDQ\V~
QDPLHVWH(OHNWULFNìLVWLĀMHVStQDQìFH]EH]SHĀQRVWQì
LVWLĀ NWRUì Pi ĀHUYHQì NU\W D MH QD HOHNWULFNRP LVWLĀL
$E\VWHVWURM]DSOLQDMVN{UVWLVQLWHSRLVWQìNROtN2EU
RGNORSWH NU\W QDKRU 2EU D SRWRP VWLVQLWH Y\StQDĀ
2EU 6WURM VD WHUD] UR]ELHKD 6NORSWH NU\W RSlő
GROH
$E\ VWH ]DVWDYLOL VWURM MHGQRGXFKR VWLVQHWH ĀHUYHQì
EH]SHĀQRVWQì LVWLĀ WHQ VWLVQH WODĀtWNR RII NWRUp MH SRG
QtPDY\SQHSUtVXQSU~GXSUHVWURM7HQWRVWURMY\XçtYD
HOHNWURPDJQHWLFNì Y\StQDĀ SUH RSWLPiOQX EH]SHĀQRVő
.HG\NRĴYHNMH]DVWDYHQìSUtVXQSU~GXVWURMVDRNDPçLWH
]DVWDYt$E\VWH]QRYX]DSOLVWURMPXVtWHVWLVQ~ő]HOHQp
WODĀtWNR