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Chapter 5 _________________________________________________________ Theory of Operation

VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 103

Hardware Description

Measurement Unit FSM102

The Measurement Unit consists of three electronics parts: the transmitter

and receiver units and the controller board. These parts are described in

detail in the next sections.

Transmitter Unit FST102

The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED, control and triggering

circuits, a LED intensity stabilizer, a backscatter receiver, and a window

contamination measurement circuitry.

The transmitter unit electronics cause the infrared LED to pulse at a

frequency of 2.2 kHz. A PIN photodiode monitors the transmitted light

intensity and automatically adjusts the light level of the LED to the preset

value. This compensates for the temperature and aging effects of the light

emitting diode.

Summary of Contents for FS11

Page 1: ...USER S GUIDE Visibility Sensor FS11 M211187EN C ...

Page 2: ...thout prior written permission of the copyright holder Translated manuals and translated portions of multilingual documents are based on the original English versions In ambiguous cases the English versions are applicable not the translations The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice This manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards custom...

Page 3: ...egulatory Compliances 13 Trademarks 14 License Agreement 14 Warranty 14 CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 15 Description and Purpose 15 Mechanical Structure 16 Equipment Nomenclature 17 CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION 19 Organizing Installation 19 Location and Orientation 20 Unloading and Unpacking 22 Unpacking Procedure 22 Storage Information 22 Equipment Grounding and Lightning Protection 23 Cable Selection 25 ...

Page 4: ... Luminance Sensor 57 Day Night Photo Switch 57 Obstruction Light Option 59 Startup 60 Initial Settings 61 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION 63 FS11 Commands 63 Entering and Exiting Command Mode 63 OPEN Command 64 CLOSE Command 65 Available Commands 65 Command Completion 70 Terminal Line Number Adjustment 71 Command Polling 71 Message Formats 72 MESSAGE Command 73 MESSAGE 1 FS11 73 Alarm Status Codes 74 MESSAGE ...

Page 5: ...arameter Configuration 99 Default Settings for FS11 Use 100 LM21 Standard Initialization 100 CHAPTER 5 THEORY OF OPERATION 101 Hardware Description 103 Measurement Unit FSM102 103 Transmitter Unit FST102 103 Receiver Unit FSR102 105 Controller Board FSC102 107 Interface Unit FSI102 107 Communication Controller Board FSC202 108 AC Mains Power Supply 108 Battery Backup 109 Frangible Mast 109 Softwar...

Page 6: ...Check Procedure 130 FSM102 Guided Calibration Procedure 131 Evaluating Results of Guided Calibration Procedure for Measurement Unit 134 Calibration Passed 134 Calibration Procedure Failed 137 Replacing FS11 Modules 139 Replacing FSC102 140 Replacing FSC202 142 Replacing FSP103 146 Replacing Transmitter Module FST102 and Receiver Module FSR102 149 Replacing Installing Sensor Cables in FS11 155 Repl...

Page 7: ...______________________ VAISALA_________________________________________________________________________ 5 Electrical Specifications 168 Mechanical Specifications 169 Environmental Specifications 169 Electromagnetic Compatibility 169 CRC16 Checksum 170 INDEX 171 ...

Page 8: ... from Rear Panel 38 Figure 16 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie 38 Figure 17 Threading LM21 Cable 39 Figure 18 Mounting LM21 39 Figure 19 Mounting Interface Unit Enclosure 40 Figure 20 Sensor Arm Assembly 41 Figure 21 Mounting Radiation Shield 42 Figure 22 Backup Battery without Cover Plate 43 Figure 23 Interface Unit Enclosure Cable 44 Figure 24 Cabling Principle 46 Figure 25 Cable Groundi...

Page 9: ...ure 47 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws 144 Figure 48 FSC202 Screws and Connectors 145 Figure 49 FSP103 Parts 147 Figure 50 Visibility Sensor Transmitter and Receiver Control Cables 149 Figure 51 End Plug Removal Shown for Transmitter 150 Figure 52 Module Retainer Removal Shown for Transmitter 150 Figure 53 Pushing Control Cable into Optics Head 151 Figure 54 Transmitter Resp Receiver Modu...

Page 10: ...sages 113 Table 18 Background Luminance Detector Sensor Event Messages 114 Table 19 Error Messages 117 Table 20 Alarm Messages 117 Table 21 Warning Messages 118 Table 22 Indication Messages 118 Table 23 Successful Guided Calibration Procedure 135 Table 24 Guided Calibration Procedure Calibration Update 136 Table 25 Guided Calibration Procedure Scatter Signal Test Failed 137 Table 26 Guided Calibra...

Page 11: ...chnical specifications are included to help fault tracing Version Information Table 1 Manual Revisions Manual Code Description M211187EN C This manual Updated with information on modem DXL421 M211187EN B Previous version Added FSC202 FSP103 and sensor cable replacement instructions M211187EN A First version of this manual Related Manuals The need for the following manuals which are for related sen...

Page 12: ...e observed during all phases of installation work and repair of this instrument or the equipment Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument or equipment Vaisala Oyj and its subsidiaries assume no liability for the consequences of customer s failure to comply with thes...

Page 13: ... must not remove instrument covers Component replacement or internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Do not replace components with the power cable connected Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable disconnected To avoid injuries disconnect the power and discharge all circuits before touching them CAUTION The component boards inclu...

Page 14: ... off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures reorient the receiving antenna relocate the device with respect to the receiver move the device away from the receiver If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge ESD can ca...

Page 15: ...6 95 EC EMC Directive 2004 108 EC EN 60950 1 2006 A11 2009 Information technology equipment Safety Part 1 General requirements UL 60950 1 2007 2nd Edition and national differences for United States and Canada EN 61326 1 2006 04 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC requirements for use in industrial locations EN 55022 2006 Am 1 2007 to EN55022 2006 Class B Information...

Page 16: ... use the software only to the extent that is provided by the applicable supply contract or Software License Agreement Warranty For certain products Vaisala normally gives a limited one year warranty Visit our Internet pages for more information and our standard warranty terms and conditions www vaisala com services warranty html Please observe that any such warranty may not be valid in case of dam...

Page 17: ...ight The sensor can be employed as an observer s aid in a semi automatic weather observing system The sensor is also suitable for other weather observing systems providing valuable information for example to airport road and harbor authorities The FS11 sensor requires a 115 230 VAC power supply and an RS 232 or an RS 485 cable or a single pair modem line for communication The instrument sends data...

Page 18: ...___________________________________________________ M211187EN C Mechanical Structure 1005 009 Figure 1 FS11 System The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above 1 Measurement Unit FSM102 2 Interface Unit FSI102 3 Pole mast 4 Background Luminance Sensor LM21 optional 5 FS11OBS Obstruction Light optional ...

Page 19: ...M102 transmitter and receiver optics are permanently aligned downwards and outwards to protect them from blowing dust snow and rain The scatter measurement angle is 42 The enclosure of the interface unit is normally mounted on the pole mast which supports the measurement unit Equipment Nomenclature Table 3 FS11 Basic Nomenclature Code Common Name Description FSM102 Measurement Unit Measurement uni...

Page 20: ... connections and enhanced lightning protection FSAM250 Aluminum mast and Foundation kit Aluminum mast allows 2 5 m measurement volume height from ground with installation kit and accessories FD1130 Mast Aluminum mast FS211296 Foundation kit Installation kit for frangible and aluminum masts for existing and new foundations FSAM300 Aluminum mast and Foundation kit Aluminum mast allows 3 m measuremen...

Page 21: ...e Power supply cabling layout and cable type Modem signal cabling layout and cable type 3 Order the construction materials and cables 4 Do the digging for cables and foundation 5 Cast the concrete 6 Install the base plate and the pole mast Install the base plate on the concrete block with the bolts Level the plate Mount the pole mast on the base plate 7 Connect the cables Connect the AC mains and ...

Page 22: ...ed because trees may cause changes in the microclimate 2 The site should be free of obstacles and reflective surfaces that will disturb the optical measurement as well as obvious sources of contamination It is recommended that there are no obstacles in the line of sight of the FSM102 transmitter and receiver units see Figure 2 below If the transmitter beam is reflected back to the receiver unit fr...

Page 23: ... built in diagnostics will indicate a warning The transmitter and receiver should face away from any obvious source of contamination such as spray from passing vehicles Excessive contamination is automatically detected by the sensor There should be no bright flashing lights near the sensor or in the receiver s field of view If a Background Luminance Sensor is to be installed it needs a clear view ...

Page 24: ...ation site by two persons NOTE The case containing the optical parts should be handled carefully Do not drop either end of the case for more than five centimeters Unpacking Procedure 1 Read the packing list supplied with the delivery documents Compare the packing list with the purchase order to ensure that the shipment is complete 2 Open the covers 3 In case of any discrepancies or damage contact ...

Page 25: ...d under the cable flange see Figure 3 on page 24 A 16 mm2 jacketed grounding cable should be connected to the clamp In case of a frangible mast the FSM102 Measurement Unit is also grounded with a 16 mm2 jacketed grounding cable that is located inside the mast Depending on the need one to four copper sheathed steel rods are driven into the ground In case several rods are needed the alignment from t...

Page 26: ...______________________ M211187EN C 0201 058 Figure 3 FS11 Equipment Grounding The following numbers refer to Figure 3 above 1 Grounding clamp 2 Grounding cable 3 Grounding rods WARNING A lightning strike can cause a dangerous voltage surge at remote sites through the communication wire if the remote units are not properly grounded ...

Page 27: ...d be used to mechanically protect the AC cable and the signal cable from the termination box down into the ground 0 7 m below the ground This equipment is designed for continuous 24 hour operation The AC power supply should be continuous and without surges or blackouts If the AC voltage fluctuates outside the given tolerance AC voltage stabilizers are recommended Line Power Cable FS11 is supplied ...

Page 28: ...Vaisala Termbox The distance between the equipment and the Mains Distribution Transformer and the power consumption of the equipment dictate the thickness of the cable The minimum requirement for the power cable is 3 x min 1 5 mm2 AWG 15 3 conductor power cable Recommended AC mains wire cross sections and typical cable diameters for AC mains voltage 230 VAC are shown in Table 6 on page 27 It appli...

Page 29: ...vel analogue signals should be of the following kind All field cables should be armored suitable for underground use and led to the equipment through conduits Unless the cables are armored they have to be led through pipes The signal cable shields should be grounded at both ends For modem and RS signal cable use a screened 2 x 0 22 mm2 AWG 24 conductor diameter 0 61 mm twisted pair signal cable wi...

Page 30: ... a rigid construction can also be used The recommended minimum dimensions for the foundation are illustrated in Figure 5 below The easiest way to mount the foundation screws is to do it while casting the pad If the pad has been made before three holes have to be drilled into the concrete for the wedge bolts 0009 009 Figure 5 Casting Concrete Foundation If a new foundation needs to be cast it is re...

Page 31: ...at has to be removed before mounting the base plate Mounting when Casting Pad To mount the FS11 system while casting the pad proceed as follows 1 Screw on the three reinforcing plates to the lower end of the foundation screws as in Figure 6 on page 30 To prevent the plates from rotating after their correct position has been found destroy the threads above and below them by hammering 2 Fix the dril...

Page 32: ...__________________________ M211187EN C 0201 059 Figure 6 FS11 Foundation Construction The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 6 above 1 Drilling template 2 Foundation screw 3 Reinforcing plate 4 Background luminance sensor viewing direction normally North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere ...

Page 33: ...260 mm using the drilling template Remove the template Clean the holes 3 Fasten the foundation screws to the wedge bolts by hand 4 Protect the tops of the screws with two nuts tightened together 5 Place the wedge bolt and foundation screw combinations in the holes wedge bolts down Refer to Figure 7 below Hammer the combinations down until the wedge bolts attach to the walls of the holes 6 Tighten ...

Page 34: ... do not install the tilting support supplied in the Foundation kit FS211296 2 If you are installing a frangible mast mount the pole mast pedestal on the base plate with three M16 nuts see Figure 10 on page 34 and an M8 hinge bolt For the M16 nuts use the wrench supplied with the FSA11 kit 0201 060 Figure 8 Mounting FS11 Mast Using Foundation Kit FS211296 The following number and letter refer to Fi...

Page 35: ...___________________________________________________ 33 3 Tilt the frangible mast and attach the grounding cable into the grounding support see Figure 9 below Raise the mast 0201 061 Figure 9 Mounting FS11 Frangible Mast Grounding Cable The following numbers refer to Figure 9 above 1 Grounding cable 2 Screw attachment ...

Page 36: ...ation Kit FS211296 The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 10 above 1 M16 set screws 3 pcs 2 Guard plug 3 Mounting screws 4 pcs A Background luminance sensor viewing direction normally North in the Northern hemisphere and South in the Southern hemisphere 5 Mount the rear panel of the radiation shield to the pole mast with the two clamps supplied see Figure 12 below See that the anti slidi...

Page 37: ..._________________________________ Installation VAISALA________________________________________________________________________ 35 1002 037 Figure 11 Fixing Sensor Arm with Allen Screws 1001 106 Figure 12 Mounting Rear Panel of Radiation Shield ...

Page 38: ... interface unit into the groove in the rear panel The lower end is mounted with two screws NOTE If the tilting support has been removed due to the length of the mast a temporary tilting support is needed 0201 067 Figure 13 Tilting Aluminum and Frangible Pole Masts NOTE The measurement unit cable has to be fed into the mast before the signal and power cables or the cable connector does not fit thro...

Page 39: ...necting Measurement Unit The following numbers refer to Figure 14 above 1 Measurement unit end gasket 2 Transmitter 3 Surface temperature probe 4 Receiver 10 Insert the measurement unit into the pole mast and lock it in the correct orientation as discussed in section Location and Orientation on page 20 with two 8 mm bolts see Figure 14 above The transmitter and receiver heads can be identified by ...

Page 40: ...the rear panel by the hook on the backside of the unit See Figure 15 below CAUTION Be careful when lifting and suspending the FSI102 interface unit The unit is heavy 1002 039 Figure 15 Suspending Enclosure from Rear Panel 13 Attach a long cable tie to the cable connector to help guide the cable through the tube 1010 122 Figure 16 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie The following numbers refer...

Page 41: ...connector to make threading easier Attach the cable to LM21 and mount the LM21 and bracket to the sensor arm See the correct location for the cable in Figure 17 below NOTE When connecting LM21 FS11 must be powered off 1002 043 Figure 17 Threading LM21 Cable 15 Attach the cable connector to the LM21 and mount the LM21 onto the sensor arm as shown in Figure 18 below 1010 123 Figure 18 Mounting LM21 ...

Page 42: ...nd Luminance Sensor needs fine tuning it can be adjusted by turning the sensor s mounting bracket If the desired LM21 orientation is not possible to obtain by turning the mounting racket the FS11 rear panel can be adjusted by loosening the screws holding the clamps and rotating the rear panel of the radiation shield Tighten the screws after the adjustment 1001 128 Figure 19 Mounting Interface Unit...

Page 43: ...is to be mounted lift the enclosure and suspend it from the left side hole in the rear panel Install and make the cabling as shown in Figure 20 below Refer to Figure 33 on page 59 for the wiring inside enclosure NOTE The cable shield of the Obstruction Light cable must be properly grounded in the cable gland of the interface unit s enclosure See Figure 25 on page 48 1011 003 Figure 20 Sensor Arm A...

Page 44: ... Attach and close the radiation shield as shown in Figure 21 below 1001 129 Figure 21 Mounting Radiation Shield Inserting Battery for Optional FSB101 In case an optional battery backup FSB101 is used a battery charger module QBR101 is located inside the interface unit A 2 Ah battery is packed separately and should be inserted into the interface unit as follows 1 Open the shield and interface unit ...

Page 45: ... Figure 22 above 1 Plus battery terminal black cable with a red stripe 2 Minus battery terminal all black cable CAUTION Do not short circuit the battery 3 Push the battery into its place under the cover plate and push the battery wire terminals onto the battery terminals black with a red stripe to plus and all black to minus 4 Attach the cover plate by tightening the four screws holding it 5 Turn ...

Page 46: ...ng to the ISO 14001 standard the battery must be recycled Connecting Cables 1 2 4 5 6 3 1001 007 Figure 23 Interface Unit Enclosure Cable The following numbers refer to Figure 23 above Number Description Thread Cable Diameter Wrench Tool 1 AC mains input M20x1 5 8 11 mm 24 mm 2 AC mains data optional M20x1 5 11 14 mm 24 mm 3 Data cable M20x1 5 8 11 mm 24 mm 4 LM21 cable optional M16x1 5 4 8 mm 18 ...

Page 47: ...ng in the mast below the rear panel and out at the lower end of the mast and further into a local junction box The power cable does not have a cable shield Make sure to connect the wires in the correct way especially the ones to the protective ground usually yellow green See Figure 24 on page 46 2 Connect the power cord to the screw terminals of the AC mains power switch and the protective ground ...

Page 48: ...USER S GUIDE ____________________________________________________________________ 46 ___________________________________________________________________ M211187EN C 1303 064 Figure 24 Cabling Principle ...

Page 49: ...AC mains data cable outlet can also be used for data cables The cable should be led out from the unit inside the lower mast section Grounding must be done within the cable gland in order to keep the EMI levels within specifications NOTE If there is a junction box installed the cable shield should be grounded at both the input and output cable glands Detailed instructions for a proper RF grounding ...

Page 50: ... transmission interfaces for data messages A separate RS 232 interface is provided for maintenance purposes Consider your communication needs before the installation The method of communication depends on the distance between the computer or the display and the FS11 sensor and on the number of FS11 sensors The possibilities are described in Table 7 below Table 7 Communication Cable Lengths Cable L...

Page 51: ...be used The hardware flow control can be enabled in FS11 with command SET DATA_PORT RS 232 HW_FLOW_CNTR During hardware flow control the control line RTS indicates Ready for Receiving The hardware transmit control can be enabled in FS11 with command SET DATA_PORT RS 232 HW_TRANSMIT_CNTR During hardware transmit control the control line RTS indicates Request to Send and can be used for modem carrie...

Page 52: ... 485 The RS 485 transmission standard allows several FS11 sensors to communicate half duplex with the host computer using a single twisted pair The RS 485 interface is opto isolated For the RS 485 communication method connect the signal wires to the screw terminal at the CPU board See Figure 27 on page 51 NOTE The cable shield of the RS 485 cable must be properly grounded in the cable gland of the...

Page 53: ...th a 120 Ω resistor This is especially important with long cables If the FS11 sensor is at the end of the RS 485 chain the 120 Ω resistor can be connected across the screw terminal pins The 120 Ω resistor is available in a plastic bag attached to the power cable inside the interface unit s enclosure Figure 28 below illustrates an RS 485 application using a half duplex data transfer over a single t...

Page 54: ...dem If the modem is installed the unit was ordered with the modem option connect the incoming signal wires to the DLX421 modem line screw terminals 3 and 4 See Figure 29 below NOTE The DXL421 modem replaces the DMX501 modem The DMX501 modem is no longer available but it can still be used with FS11 The replacement of the modem does not cause any changes to the data transmission through modem except...

Page 55: ...en connecting the modem supply voltage lines and data lines See the wiring instructions in Figure 29 on page 52 After the installation turn on the AC mains switch and the battery backup switch if you have installed it NOTE If you need to reconfigure the DXL421 modem use the jumper dip switch settings on the DXL421 modem The jumper switch settings are printed on the left side of the modem The avail...

Page 56: ...4 ___________________________________________________________________ M211187EN C 1303 066 Figure 30 Installing DXL421 The following number refers to Figure 30 above 1 DXL421 Modem module 2 Wire set for DXL421 3 Screw terminals 1 and 2 for DXL421 supply voltage 4 FSC serial data line ...

Page 57: ...iguration the data collection computer or the weather station acts a master that polls all the FS11 sensors and the other possible sensors The master modem must be in the Originate mode All other modems on the line must be in the Answer mode and the Carrier signal must be disconnected by default In the FS11P sensor this can be set with the jumper dip switch settings on the DXL421 modem as describe...

Page 58: ...ovides a 9 pin D connector for the computer and a connector for FS11 The external maintenance connectors of the FS11 sensor are located on the right side of the interface unit when looking at the unit from the door side The upper connector is reserved for PWD32 unit only in use in FS11P and lower for FS11 see Figure 31 below The connector is protected with a cap Replace the protective cap after di...

Page 59: ...minance Sensor is normally tilted at an angle of 20 to 50 Generally an installation angle of 30 is recommended when there is no special reason to use a higher one The Background Luminance Sensor is used for measuring the background against which the pilot views the runway lights or runway markings A compromise must be made to achieve a measurement as representative as possible and on the other han...

Page 60: ...__________________________ M211187EN C A closed contact of the Day Night Photo Switch corresponds to darkness that is nighttime NOTE The cable shield of the photo switch cable must be properly grounded in the cable gland of the interface unit s enclosure see Figure 25 on page 48 1303 067 Figure 32 Wiring Day Night Photo Switch ...

Page 61: ..._______________________________________________________________ 59 Obstruction Light Option The activation of the obstruction light option requires the use of the advanced level command SET 12VOUT ON See Table 10 on page 67 for a list of advanced level commands 1303 061 Figure 33 Obstruction Light Wiring ...

Page 62: ...the terminal to 9600 bps and the data frame to contain 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity 2 Turn on the AC mains switch at the interface unit FSI102 If the backup battery option is installed also turn on the battery switch Refer to Figure 34 below 1303 068 Figure 34 Switching On Unit The following numbers refer to Figure 34 above 1 AC mains switch 2 Battery switch 3 Check that the red Reset LED ...

Page 63: ...tion system After the physical connection has been made the details of the communication can be configured into the FS11 software Suitable communication settings depend on the implementation of the entire system By default the sensor transmits a new ASCII data message through the data port in RS 232 mode every 15 seconds The user can change the interval and message type The sensor can also be used...

Page 64: ...USER S GUIDE ____________________________________________________________________ 62 ___________________________________________________________________ M211187EN C This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 65: ...ith the SET command Other commands can be used to display system status and other maintenance data All commands can be given either through the Maintenance line or the Data line Commands given through the Maintenance line do not interfere with the Data line visibility message sending FS11 Commands NOTE All command parameters must be separated from each other by a space character and every command ...

Page 66: ... FS11 sensor on the line This command is similar to the OPEN command with the exception that it only opens the FS11 command mode and not the other possible sensors on the line Type OPEN FS If there are other sensors on the line with the same ID the command mode of the FS11 sensor can be opened by including the device type FS with the ID This command is similar to the OPEN ID command with the excep...

Page 67: ...he user level command set there is a second advanced in depth maintenance and service level command set The access command to this advanced level is LEVEL 1 The command prompt shows the current command set level In the advanced level the prompt is 1 Table 9 FS11 User Level Commands Command Description CLOSE Releases the port for message transmission ECHO ON Enables input character echo default ECH...

Page 68: ...merical string that can be used during installation to identify for example unit location The string must not include spaces SET DATA_PORT BAUD number yes no Sets data port serial line baud rate to 300 19200 Verification yes no asked only if the command is given by DATA PORT default 9600 SET DATA_PORT MODE RS 232 NO_FLOW_CNTR yes no Uses the RS 232 serial line where no flow control is used Verific...

Page 69: ...1 fixed SET PORT_TIMEOUT number Sets the command mode timeout to 0 30 in minutes Zero disables the timeout and the default is 10 min SET TERMINAL_LINES number Adjusts printouts used for terminal screen Minimum 5 lines default 24 MEAS_SYNC Resets the measurement sequence The following data message is measured starting from the moment all average values are erased Next message is transmitted in inte...

Page 70: ...on mode for the Second Message The data message message frames and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer SET MESSAGE SECOND TYPE MITRAS_DB Selects the MITRAS Double Base emulation mode for the Second Message The data message message frames and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer SET MESSAGE SECOND TYPE FD12MSG2 Selects the F...

Page 71: ...NSOR ON Enables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11 system default SET VIS_SENSOR OFF Disables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11 system SET HOOD_HEATERS VISIBILITY_SENSOR ON Enables the monitoring and automatic operation of the visibility sensor hood heaters default The hood heaters are turned on by the unit when the hood temperature drops below a preset level SET HOOD_HEATERS VISI...

Page 72: ...the system can automatically identify the command and its parameters This can be done if the letters the user inputs can unambiguously determine the command or parameter If the command cannot be unambiguously identified the system output is as follows If the command cannot be completed to any known command the system outputs COMMAND NOT FOUND If the input entered by the user cannot be unambiguousl...

Page 73: ...so the default value of the parameter Minimum number is 5 lines The value of this parameter has no effect on the message sending when the commands are given in the command polling format Command Polling All commands can also be executed without opening the command line This feature can be used in the host system for example for making automatic status message inquiries of active Warnings or Alarms...

Page 74: ... the command OPEN the FS11 messages can be displayed by the MESSAGE command In the independent mode entered with the command CLOSE the FS11 sensor can be polled or it can send predefined messages automatically at selected intervals There are nine message formats to select from By default the FS11 sensor adds frame strings to all polled and FS11 specific automatic messages The polling request can a...

Page 75: ...rator in multi line messages The contents of the messages are described in the following sections MESSAGE 1 FS11 Message 1 is a message of fixed length where both extinction coefficient and background luminance values are shown The message format is as follows FSA EXT 0 85 AL 0 ALS 8746 AL 0 CSUM where Start of the heading ASCII 1 FS FS11 sensor identifier A First character of the unit identifier ...

Page 76: ...ility measurement value still valid and shown Window contamination increased Transmitter LED aging Backup battery voltage low E Error visibility measurement value NOT shown replaced with Sensor missing Memory error A Alarm visibility measurement value NOT shown replaced with Communication error in the sensor Internal monitoring alarm value exceeded Measurement signal saturated or outside valid ran...

Page 77: ...round luminance sensor End of the text ASCII 3 CSUM Checksum CRC16 End of the transmission ASCII 4 CR LF ASCII 13 ASCII 10 The total amount of characters in the message is 41 The transmission times are 1 4 s at 300 bps 10 bit char 0 17 s at 2400 bps 0 042 s at 9600 bps For a list of alarm status code explanations refer to Table 11 on page 74 If only LM21 Background Luminance Sensor is connected to...

Page 78: ...ection FS11 Status Messages on page 111 Example of status message FSA FS11 SYSTEM STATUS OK Measurement unit OK Receiver Window cont 0 backscatter 35 DC saturation 0 offset 0 09 Transmitter Window cont 0 backscatter 8 Intensity 162 Contamination compensation ON Temperatures unit C surface 22 8 CPU 27 8 RX 27 3 TX 29 3 hood RX 20 3 Hood TX 21 0 Voltages 12V 11 4 12V 11 3 VB 12 5 VR 6 7 Heater statu...

Page 79: ...f the text MESSAGE BODY End of the text CSUM Checksum CRC16 End of the transmission CR LF For an explanation of the parameters within the message body see section FS11 Status Messages on page 111 For a list of alarm status code explanations see Table 11 on page 74 The count of characters in the message is variable and depends on the configuration and status of the FS11 system The total amount can ...

Page 80: ... it is replaced by a space character Start of the text VIS 02100 Visibility identifier and MOR value unit meter SI unit 1 min average VUC 02100 Uncompensated visibility identifier and MOR value VIS3M 02000 Visibility identifier and MOR value 3 min average VIS10M 01900 Visibility identifier and MOR value 10 min average AL 0 Alarm status of the visibility sensor BL 01050 Background luminance identif...

Page 81: ... Visibility identifier and MOR value unit meter 1 min average and alarm status related to visibility value BL 00100 AL 0 Background luminance identifier and BL value unit cd m 2 and alarm status related to BL value End of the text CSUM Checksum CRC16 End of the transmission For a list of alarm status code explanations refer to Table 11 on page 74 FD12 Emulation For compatibility in the system leve...

Page 82: ...nsor identifier A First character of the unit identifier if the ID is not defined it is replaced by a space character Start of the text First number Data status 0 normal FD12 alarm limits not supported Second number Hardware status 0 OK 1 Alarm data OFF see STATUS message 2 Warning see STATUS message 1810 Visibility 1 min average in meters max 75000m 1353 Visibility 10 min average in meters Reserv...

Page 83: ...ter Start of the text First number Data status 0 normal FD12 alarm limits not supported Second number Hardware status 0 OK 1 Alarm 2 Warning 22848 Visibility 1 min average in meters max 75000m 24807 Visibility 10 min average in meters max 75000m 23 3 TS temperature 01000 BL cd m2 End of the text The total amount of characters in the message is 74 The transmission times are 2 5 s at 300 bps 10 bit ...

Page 84: ...tch state 1 day 0 night MITRAS Emulation For compatibility in the system level the FS11 sensor also supports the message number 6 format frames and polling format of Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer The MITRAS polling format is accepted only when the MITRAS message emulation is selected The MITRAS polling format is as follows P Space ID MITRAS Single Baseline The MITRAS Single Baseline emulation mod...

Page 85: ...MODE ON II BIT 1 2 CONT OTHER OFF BIT 2 4 OPTICAL SURFACE Window contamination BIT 3 8 POWER SUPPLY Power supply failure BIT 4 1 HEATING OFF I BIT 5 2 FLASH LAMP LED failure BIT 6 4 BL METER BL sensor status ON OFF BIT 7 8 MEASUREM LOOP SIGNAL OFF Receiver status correspondence between MITRAS and FS11 BIT MITRAS FS11 BIT 0 1 MEAS MODE ON IV BIT 1 2 CONT OTHER Any other FS11 alarm BIT 2 4 OPTICAL S...

Page 86: ...____ visibility m 1 min average ________V visibility heading ________unit ID first character of unit identifier only _________ID start indicator The total amount of characters in the message is 33 The transmission times are 1 3 s at 300 bps 10 bit char 0 17 s at 2400 bps 0 04 s at 9600 bps The binary status is in hexadecimal notation The status bits emulate the MITRAS status as follows Transmitter...

Page 87: ...NT OTHER Any other FS11 alarm BIT 2 4 OPTICAL SURFACE OFF BIT 3 8 POWER SUPPLY OFF BIT 4 1 HEATING OFF III BIT 5 2 CALIBRATION Receiver saturated BIT 6 4 TEST OFF BIT 7 8 CONSISTENCY OFF Receiver 2 status correspondence between MITRAS and FS11 BIT MITRAS FS11 BIT 0 1 MEAS MODE ON VI BIT 1 2 CONT OTHER Any other FS11 alarm BIT 2 4 OPTICAL SURFACE OFF BIT 3 8 POWER SUPPLY OFF BIT 4 1 HEATING OFF V B...

Page 88: ...The following command selects message 2 as the default automatic message SET MESSAGE TYPE 2 The automatic message interval is selected with command SET MESSAGE INTERVAL The message interval is given in seconds An interval of zero which disables the automatic sending is used when the messages are polled The command format is as follows SET MESSAGE INTERVAL Message_interval The following command sel...

Page 89: ...nding will continue as configured by the SET MESSAGE INTERVAL command If the FS11 receives a NAK character ASCII 16 within 500 ms message sending will be repeated immediately If the FS11 receives neither an ACK character nor a NAK character within 500 ms message sending will be repeated Repeated message sending due to received NAK character or missing confirmation characters is repeated two times ...

Page 90: ...default message selected with the SET MESSAGE TYPE command CR ASCII 13 Examples of polling commands FS If only one FS11 unit is on the line no ID is necessary FSA0 3 The FS11 unit A ID A is polled for message number 03 status message This is used when several devices are on the same line The FS11 sensor does not echo the polling character string For connecting several devices on the same modem lin...

Page 91: ...e set for the second message The second message is always transmitted after the standard message has been transmitted If the automatic mode is disabled and the Polled Mode is configured instead the second message is transmitted whenever a standard message has been requested The second message cannot be polled individually or separately If the ACK NAK confirmation is enabled in the automatic mode t...

Page 92: ...libration on page 127 The current system parameters can be displayed by using the PARAMETERS command The output is as follows PARAMETERS FS11 parameter values identifier name command terminal lines 24 timeout 10 message type 2 interval 15 port data frame on simulation off 2nd port none 2nd type 0 ACK NAK off data port speed 9600 mode rs 232 data format 8n1 maintenance port speed 9600 system modem ...

Page 93: ...aters visibility_sensor On Hood_heaters bl_sensor On Dew_heaters visibility_sensor On Dew_heaters bl_sensor On Message_frame On 12VOUT Off Optional External Sensors LM21 Background Luminance Sensor The configuration command SET BL_SENSOR LM21 is used to add the LM21 sensor output into the FS11 system and the data messages With this command the interface unit CPU starts polling the LM21 sensor thro...

Page 94: ... message for each message type If a fixed test message is selected one of the messages in the following section is transmitted depending on the message type selection The data values in the messages are as shown in the following section The frames of the messages are not fixed but depend on the current configuration When changing the predefined fixed test message type first turn the simulation off...

Page 95: ... user can define the entire content of the message body which is the string between the start of the text character and the end of the text character The message string must be given after the SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE command in the following way SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE string The FS11 sensor does not make any validity checks to the message body content which means that the message is transmitted a...

Page 96: ...___________________________________ M211187EN C An example of manual simulation message is as follows The following command SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE this sis stestmessage sends the following message FSA this is testmessage EE5E In the automatic message sending mode the frames are not displayed with the MESSAGE command ...

Page 97: ... a part of FS11 Serial Communication Settings In this FS11 application the default settings of the serial communications port are as follows 9600 baud No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit Serial Transmission RS 232 For the RS 232 communication the Vaisala maintenance terminal cable QMZ103 connects the LM21 signal wires to a standard PC Laptop RS 232 interface sub D9 connector RS 232 TxD to PC sub D 3 ...

Page 98: ...ed but forgotten type OPEN If the device type LM is included in the OPEN command an ID is not needed This command is similar to the OPEN command type OPEN LM If an ID is defined for example as A type OPEN LM A The LM21 answers LM21 LINE OPENED FOR OPERATOR COMMANDS If no input is given within 10 minutes LM21 closes the line automatically The timeout time is user selectable If LM21 receives an OPEN...

Page 99: ... disables the automatic sending SET MESSAGE PORT DATA Message is directed to the Data port default SET MESSAGE PORT MAINTENANCE Message is directed to the Maintenance port SET UNIT_ID id Sets unit identifier an alphanumerical character for message and polling identification A character removes the ID By default no ID is set and space character is used in the message headings SET NAME name Sets nam...

Page 100: ...ME ON Message frames included in data message transmission default SET MESSAGE FRAME OFF Message frames not included in data messages SET CONTAMINATION_COMPENSATION ON Enables measurement value compensation caused by window contamination default SET CONTAMINATION_COMPENSATION OFF Disables the compensation function SET HOOD_HEATERS ON Enables the monitoring and automatic operation of the hood heate...

Page 101: ...ground luminance and window contamination calibrations The CALIBRATE command is available only at the advanced level For calibration instructions refer to the LM21 User s Guide The current LM21 system parameters can be displayed by using the PARAMETERS command The output is as follows PARAMETERS LM21 parameter values identifier name command terminal lines 24 timeout 10 message type 1 interval 15 p...

Page 102: ...nsation On Hood_heaters On Dew_heaters On Message_frame 1 FSI type LM21 Standard Initialization In order to put the LM21 into a proper operational state the Interface Unit transmits an initialization request command This triggers a set of communication settings to accommodate the communication with the Interface Unit Interface Unit LM21 Initialisation Request SOH LM STX DOfsisetup ETX 8395 EOT CR ...

Page 103: ...ower required for FSM102 and for the heating of the optics is supplied by Interface Unit The external power and the communication interfaces exist in Interface Unit Interface Unit consists of the AC mains power supply the communication controller board and the optional backup battery The FSM102 transmitter sends continuous infrared light pulses which the lens focuses into a narrow beam The receive...

Page 104: ...USER S GUIDE ____________________________________________________________________ 102 __________________________________________________________________ M211187EN C 1006 120 Figure 35 FS11 Block Diagram ...

Page 105: ... described in detail in the next sections Transmitter Unit FST102 The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED control and triggering circuits a LED intensity stabilizer a backscatter receiver and a window contamination measurement circuitry The transmitter unit electronics cause the infrared LED to pulse at a frequency of 2 2 kHz A PIN photodiode monitors the transmitted light intensity and a...

Page 106: ...iagram A pulse signal from the FSR102 Receiver synchronizes the infrared LED timing with the lock in amplifier of the receiver An additional photodiode measures the light scattered back from the lens other objects or contaminants The window contamination measurement principle is based on the change of the total reflection of the light beam on the window surface The principle is shown in Figure 37 ...

Page 107: ...heating element In cold environments the heating circuitry warms up the LED to its proper operating temperature to keep the LED emission cone and wavelength stable Receiver Unit FSR102 The Receiver unit consists of a light receiver detector a low noise preamplifier high pass HP and band pass BP filters two A D converters a backscatter measurement light source LED window contamination measurement c...

Page 108: ...e nor saturates the preamplifier The DC level is monitored for detecting eventual saturation caused by the ambient light Two infrared LEDs are provided for the backscatter and contamination measurement The light level is sampled and converted using the same method of detection described with the scattering signal measurement The window contamination measurement principle is based on the change of ...

Page 109: ...aters in the outside hoods of the optics heads and dew heaters inside the optics units for keeping the lenses clear The Hood heater control logic consists of two solid state relays Both hood heater foil elements are independently controlled according to the temperature measurement on the heater foil The hood heater voltage level is 28 VAC The dew heaters are controlled to prevent the formation of ...

Page 110: ...the values are shown in the status message but not used for anything AC Mains Power Supply The AC mains power supply consists of the AC mains power circuit breaker and fuses Power Supply Board FSP103 and the AC mains transformer The power supply board includes the secondary fuses the AC mains voltage level selection switch and the transient protection circuitry The operation of the AC mains power ...

Page 111: ...rnal batteries Refer to the QBR101 User s Guide for the connections Frangible Mast The frangible mast is made of a glass fiber tube The same mast tube structures are also used in the approach light systems of several airports around the world The mast manufacturer Exel has performed frangibility tests under the supervision of ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Reports of these tests ar...

Page 112: ...for the command interpreter Alarm generation is based on information collected during measurements The actual alarm logic is handled by a message generator task Measuring Sequence The FS11 sensor measures visibility at 15 second intervals Fourteen seconds of this period is devoted to the signal measurement by firing the transmitter LED and sampling the receiver detector After that there is a 1 sec...

Page 113: ...warning limits are checked The FS11 sensor generates a warning if some monitored value does not meet the criteria for optimal operation but the measurement results are still reliable For example slightly contaminated windows or aging transmitter LEDs generate warnings If a critical hardware failure is detected the sensor indicates an alarm and the corresponding data is set as missing Built in test...

Page 114: ...mediately CPU1 memory failure Measurement Unit CPU memory failure If the failure persists after power resets of the measurement unit the measurement unit has to be replaced CPU2 visibility sample sequence failed Measurement Unit receiver or CPU failure CPU4 FSC measurement CPU internal power supply failure Measurement Unit CPU internal power supply failure CPU8 temperature sensor failure Measureme...

Page 115: ...ailure Rxer16 Receiver failure Table 17 Interface Unit Event Messages Event Message Reason Conf0 VIS measurement only The interface unit is configured to handle a measurement unit sensor but no background luminance sensor Conf1 ALS measurement only The interface unit is configured to handle a background luminance sensor but no measurement unit Conf2 VIS ALS measurement The interface unit is config...

Page 116: ... Warning Background luminance sensor windows contaminated WinCon2 Window Contamination Alarm Background luminance sensor windows contaminated WinCon4 Window Clogging Alarm Background luminance sensor windows are clogged Misc1 Dew Heater Failure Background luminance sensor dew heater failure Misc2 Hood Heater Failure Background luminance sensor hood heater failure Misc4 CPU Memory Failure Backgroun...

Page 117: ...ensor OK Window cont 10 Contamination compensation ON Backscatter 0 CPU 26 2 hood 24 6 Heater status hood OFF dew OFF V5iso ON where FS11 System status System level status Measurement unit FSM102 status Receiver Window cont Reduction in window transmittance in Backscatter Signal level from total blockage signal in DC saturation Receiver DC signal level of total saturation in Offset Scatter signal ...

Page 118: ... unit FSI102 status Temperatures CPU FSC202 temperature External FSI102 ext temperature from HMP45D option Humidity FSI102 ext humidity from HMP45D option Voltages 12 V Regulated operating voltage for FSC202 12 Vout Regulated operating voltage for obstruction light and HMP45 PVin Supply voltage from either FSP103 24 VDC or backup battery 12 VDC V5I Isolated 5 VDC operating voltage for RS 485 on of...

Page 119: ...ot responding MEMORY ERROR FLASH memory checksum error configuration not valid Table 20 Alarm Messages ALARMS Reasons TRANSMITTER FAILURE Transmitter not responding LED FAILURE Transmitter LED intensity too low RECEIVER FAILURE Receiver data invalid or receiver not responding POWER SUPPLY One of the power supply voltages out of the valid range BACKSCATTER HIGH Backscatter signal level increased so...

Page 120: ...powered by this output will not work HOOD HEATER FAULT Hood heater not operational Hood temperature has increased less than 2 C within 5 minutes since the heater was turned on by the automatic heater control circuit NOTE If operated only with battery or DC power set the hood heater OFF to prevent this indication DEW HEATER FAULT Dew heater not operational no current runs through the heater when it...

Page 121: ...ns that the window transmittance has decreased 10 and it is now only 90 of the original value The total transmission of the optical path is calculated from the transmitter and receiver window transmittances A window contamination warning WINDOW CONTAMINATED is given when the transmission has decreased to 85 but still allows reliable scattering light measurements Contamination Compensation The tota...

Page 122: ...on to the receiver The offset error of the receiver unit in FS11 is monitored regularly CPU disables the transmitter unit and performs the normal scatter measurement procedure without the transmitted light pulses In case the high offset signal level is too high a SIGNAL OFFSET DRIFTED alarm message is given and the visibility data is set as missing The most probable reason for increased signal off...

Page 123: ... on the optic surfaces They keep the receiver and transmitter temperature above the ambient temperature If the dew heater has been activated with commands SET DEW_HEATER VISIBILITY_SENSOR ON or SET DEW_HEATER BL_SENSOR ON the automatic heater control system will turn on the heater when the outside temperature drops below 10 C The heater is automatically turned off when the outside temperature rise...

Page 124: ... the voltage can be returned to the 12 VOUT pin only by resetting the FSC202 board or by an advanced level command SET 12VOUT ON The isolated 5 VDC operating voltage for RS 485 V5I is switched on only when the selected communication method with the unit is RS 485 command SET DATA_PORT MODE RS 485 is given Analog Interfaces The validity of the measured values is determined in the following way The ...

Page 125: ...terface unit FSI102 The status LED of FSC102 is located inside the round center cover of FSM102 which has to be removed to gain access to the LED If the green status LED is flashing once there is an indication status on the board If the green status LED is flashing twice there is a warning status on the board If the green status LED is flashing three times there is an alarm status on the board and...

Page 126: ... page 9 for the monitored parameters Error Log All indications warnings alarms and errors resulting from internal monitoring are stored in the error log for maintenance purposes The error log contents can be read with the advanced level command ELOG Example of an error log 1 elog Visibility sensor Window contamination warning total 2 first 1 last 3 Backscatter high total 1 first 2 last 2 Interface...

Page 127: ... isopropyl alcohol Be careful not to scratch the window surfaces The windows should dry up rapidly to indicate that the window heating is functioning 2 Check that the assembly of the hoods and optics is free of water condensation and ice or snow deposits 3 Wipe the dust from the inner and outer surfaces of the hoods NOTE Do not use any sharp tools to remove ice or snow from the hoods especially fr...

Page 128: ...nd also sets the reference for the backscatter measurement NOTE The windows must be dry before giving the CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN VISIBILITY_SENSOR command NOTE There must not be any objects in the measurement volume when the CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN VISIBILITY_SENSOR command is given Especially the opaque glass plates used for visibility calibration must be removed first While cleaning the windows a...

Page 129: ...is calibrated the visibility should ideally be better than 500 m and there should be no precipitation The calibration is checked and adjusted with the FSA11 calibration kit The kit consists of zero plugs used to block the receiver and transmitter optics mask plates and two opaque glass plates with known scatter properties The calibration procedure checks two points a zero scatter signal and a very...

Page 130: ...ced level by giving command LEVEL 1 4 Give the CALIBRATE CHECK command The value produced by the check command must be within the range of 0 0001 If it is not there may be a hardware error 5 Assemble the opaque glass plates as shown in Figure 41 on page 129 Secure the glass plates in place by sliding them under the thumbscrews and tightening the screws Note the signal value printed on the scatteri...

Page 131: ...ration is correct In this case leave the opaque glass plates in place write down the signal value and continue with section FSM102 Mechanical Alignment Check Procedure on page 130 If the difference is more than 3 leave the opaque glass plates in place and continue with the calibration procedure 0201 077 Figure 41 Assembling and Attaching Calibrator FSM102 Calibration Procedure The calibration proc...

Page 132: ...elow to discover if the calibration check failed due to a mechanical misalignment FSM102 Mechanical Alignment Check Procedure The mechanical alignment check procedure is performed as follows 1 Perform the calibration check as instructed in section FSM102 Calibration Check Procedure on page 128 if not yet done 2 Install the mask plates onto the calibrator plates by opening the thumbscrews holding t...

Page 133: ...nto the calibrator assembly seating surface on the measurement unit 0201 078 Figure 42 Installing Mask Plates onto Opaque Glass Plates FSM102 Guided Calibration Procedure As an alternative to the calibration procedure described above the calibration can be carried out interactively guided by instructions by the FS11 software as described below The Guided Calibration Procedure is a combination of t...

Page 134: ... 1 3 Clean Windows and type YES YES 3 Clean the measurement unit windows Use a soft lint free cloth and a suitable window cleaning detergent to clean the windows Use a soft lint free and dry cloth to remove remaining detergent residues entirely Be careful not to scratch the window surfaces 4 Type YES and press enter The test step can take up to two minutes 5 The instrument responses Step 2 3 Insta...

Page 135: ...easurement unit transmitter and receiver 10 Install the calibrator assembly on the measurement unit as shown in Figure 41 on page 129 The assembly is attached to the measurement unit and the Scatter Signal Value is verified against the known scatter simulation value of the calibrator assembly Signal Value given by the type label attached to the calibrator assembly The test is passed successfully w...

Page 136: ...p 3 3 Remove zero plugs install glass plates and enter signal value between 0 and 10 1 3497 Is signal value 1 349700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3514 Calibration procedure finished Calibration PASSED Zero test ok 0 0000 limit absolute 0 0001 Signal test ok 0 1259 limits recalibration 0 0300 rejection 0 2000 Remove calibrator assembly and type YES YES 1 13 Remove the cal...

Page 137: ... and enter signal value between 0 and 10 1 3497 Is signal value 1 349700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3514 Zero Value Test and Scatter Signal Test are passed successfully Calibration procedure finished Calibration PASSED Zero test ok 0 0000 limit absolute 0 0001 Signal test ok 0 1259 limits recalibration 0 0300 rejection 0 2000 Remove calibrator assembly and type YES YES...

Page 138: ...signal value between 0 and 10 1 2147 Is signal value 1 214700 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test PASSED 1 3533 Update calibration Type yes YES 2nd run Signal test PASSED 1 2147 The Scatter Signal Test results in an acceptable deviation of the Scatter Signal Value The calibration is updated and a second Scatter Signal Test is performed successfully Calibration procedure finished Calibra...

Page 139: ... YES YES 1st run Zero signal test PASSED 0 0000 Zero Signal Test is passed successfully Step 3 3 Remove zero plugs install glass plates and enter signal value between 0 and 10 8856 Is signal value 0 885600 correct Type YES or NO YES 1st run Signal test FAILED 1 3497 Signal change too large Verify that glass plates are in place Repeat the test Type YES YES 2nd run Signal test FAILED 1 3497 Signal c...

Page 140: ...bration Procedure where the Zero Signal Test and therefore the Calibration Procedure fails due to a too high receiver signal with blocked transmitter and receiver Table 26 Guided Calibration Procedure Zero Test Failed 0 LEVEL 1 Operating level set to 1 1 CALIBRATE FS11 Step 1 3 Clean Windows and type YES YES Step 2 3 Install Zero Plugs and type YES YES 1st run Zero signal test FAILED 3 7833 Verify...

Page 141: ...kipped Replacing FS11 Modules This section describes in detail how to remove and replace the Visibility Sensor Controller FSC102 transmitter module FST102 and receiver module FSR102 Removing the units comes into question when there is reason to suspect that a malfunction of FS11 is caused by faults in the optical units or the rain detector CAUTION The servicing of the equipment must be performed b...

Page 142: ...visibility sensor CPU mounting screws Figure 43 Visibility Sensor Controller FSC102 6 Remove the FSC102 carefully from the central compartment and insert spare item Pay attention to the cable routing in order not to stress or damage any wires 7 Insert and tighten the four mounting screws 8 Re connect 5 pcs terminal plugs Pay attention to the correct order Start with terminal 1 see Figure 43 above ...

Page 143: ...ailed test steps Proceed with trouble shooting and re install the original board in case this repair step was not successful 11 Close central compartment cover carefully after successful repair Pay attention to the placement of the compartment cover gasket ring Fix the four cover screws firmly and hand tight Figure 44 VS Bottom View Central Compartment Cover Screws Central Compartment Cover Screws...

Page 144: ...________________________________________________ M211187EN C Replacing FSC202 1 Open the FSI102 interface unit shield number 1 in Figure 45 below and door 2 1207 013 Figure 45 FSI102 Interface Unit 2 Make sure that the power switch number 1 in Figure 46 on page 143 and the battery switch 2 are turned off ...

Page 145: ...________________________Maintenance VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 143 1303 069 Figure 46 Power and Battery Switch Locations The following numbers refer to Figure 46 above 1 Power switch 2 Battery switch ...

Page 146: ...______ M211187EN C 3 Disconnect all connectors number 1 in Figure 47 below from the top of the FSC202 board 1303 070 Figure 47 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws 4 Open the four screws number 2 in Figure 47 above holding the cover plate and remove it The cover must to be carefully slid upward in a small angle to pass the FSP103 card s edge ...

Page 147: ...the FSC202 board in place and pull the board out carefully Disconnect the connectors 2 from the bottom part of the FSC202 board 1207 016 Figure 48 FSC202 Screws and Connectors 6 Assemble the new FSC202 board spare part for FS11P back in reverse order 7 Turn on the power and battery switches Configure the unit with correct parameter settings using the commands described in section Entering and Exit...

Page 148: ...211187EN C Replacing FSP103 WARNING High voltages are present in the screw terminals Switch off the main switch and battery switch shown in Figure 46on page 143 1 Make sure that the power and battery switches are turned off see Figure 46 on page 143 2 Open the four screws number 1 in Figure 49 on page 147 holding the transparent cover plate and remove it ...

Page 149: ..._Maintenance VAISALA_______________________________________________________________________ 147 1305 056 Figure 49 FSP103 Parts The following numbers refer to Figure 49 above 1 Screws 2 Connectors 3 Wire set 4 Battery switch 5 Mains switch 6 Input wire set 7 Surge protector ...

Page 150: ...nto place in reverse order 6 Install the surge protector number 7 in Figure 49 on page 147 7 Install the wiring to from the surge protector The input wire set number 6 in Figure 49 on page 147 is included in the FSP103 spare part 8 Use the old wire set previously connecting FSP103 and the mains switch to connect FSP103 and the surge protector as shown in Figure 49 on page 147 For more detailed ins...

Page 151: ...eceiver Module FSR102 1 Open central compartment cover of the Visibility Sensor see Figure 44 above 2 Make sure that the AC mains power switch and the optional battery backup switch are switched off 3 Disconnect the control cable Use the special tool to unlock the connector See Figure 50 below Figure 50 Visibility Sensor Transmitter and Receiver Control Cables Transmitter Control Cable Receiver Co...

Page 152: ...odule retainer Figure 52 Module Retainer Removal Shown for Transmitter 6 Screw the opening tool Vaisala item DRW011133 into the rear plate of the transmitter receiver module 7 Pull the receiver transmitter module carefully out of the head Push the control cable from the center compartment side and pull the module further out until access to the control cable connector is possible Pull the receiver...

Page 153: ...__ 151 Figure 53 Pushing Control Cable into Optics Head 1207 026 Figure 54 Transmitter Resp Receiver Module Control Cable Disconnected The following numbers refer to Figure 54 above 1 Hood thermistor cable 2 Control cable 3 Opening tool 8 Use the special tool to unlock the control cable connector and disconnect control cable from the receiver transmitter module ...

Page 154: ...fed into the Visibility Sensor housing tube and the receiver transmitter module can be removed 11 Pull the receiver transmitter module carefully out of the Visibility Sensor housing head and disconnect the hood thermistor connector before final removal See item 1 Figure 54 on page 151 Use special tool to unlock the connector arresting mechanism 12 Ensure that the O Ring of the spare receiver FSR10...

Page 155: ...onnector is possible 17 Remove the pulling wire and re connect the control cable connector to the receiver transmitter module Make sure that the connector is fixed in the locking mechanism and bend the control cable close to its connector carefully towards the Visibility Sensor housing tube end inside the head 18 Push the module carefully and entirely back into the optics head use the opening tool...

Page 156: ...hand tight 22 Re connect the receiver transmitter control cable plug to the Visibility Sensor Controller FSC102 Make sure that the connector locking mechanism has arrested 23 Check repair success Repeat the failed test steps Proceed with troubleshooting in case this repair step was not successful 24 Close central compartment cover carefully after a successful repair operation Pay attention to the ...

Page 157: ...le gland 4 Detach the wiring from the connectors inside FSI102 and remove the cable 5 Attach the new cable to the FSI102 and tighten the cable gland see Figure 25 on page 48 6 Connect the wires in their proper places For LM21 cable see Table 27 on page 156 For FSM102 cable see Table 28 on page 156 7 Thread the cable and connect it to the sensor as described in Chapter 3 Installation on page 19 130...

Page 158: ...er 3 RS 485 4 Yellow Connection strip upper 4 RS 485 1 White FSP103 X4 2 pin 9 28VAC Fused 5A 7 Blue FSP103 X4 2 pin 9 28VAC Fused 5A 2 Brown FSP103 X4 5 pin 12 28VAC common 8 Red FSP103 X4 5 pin 12 28VAC common Already connected in the cable Table 28 Wiring for FSM102 Cable Connector Pin Wire Color Connected To Signal Name 7 Yellow FSC202 pin 9 VB 9 Green FSC202 pin 10 VB 4 Blue FSC202 pin 11 RS ...

Page 159: ...her abnormality In case of such an occurrence the normal operation of all related circuitry must be checked Figure 59 below shows the location of the fuses on the FSB103 board 1207 025 Figure 59 Location of Fuses on FSP103 Board The following numbers refer to Figure 59 above 1 AC mains circuit breaker 2 DC power supply fuse T5A 3 Heater line fuse T5A reserved for PWD32 FS11P only 4 LM21 heater lin...

Page 160: ...USER S GUIDE ____________________________________________________________________ 158 __________________________________________________________________ M211187EN C This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 161: ...__________ 159 CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING WARNING The equipment contains dangerous voltage of 230 115 100 VAC CAUTION The servicing of the equipment must be performed by qualified personnel only CAUTION The AC mains power switch and the optional battery backup switch must always be turned off before attempting any service actions described in this chapter ...

Page 162: ... between FSI102 and the sensor If all the LEDs are off on the sensor board there is power failure Check the input power to the sensor unit MEMORY ERROR FLASH memory checksum error configuration not valid Clear all configuration parameter settings with the SET DEFAULTS command Reconfigure the needed parameter settings and give a reset If the error still exists there is a CPU board failure or a memo...

Page 163: ...failure in the CPU board replace the FSC102 board Alarm in the interface unit failure in the FSC202 board which needs to be replaced BACKSCATTER HIGH Backscatter signal level increased There is some disturbance in the light path Clean the windows and the hoods of the optics heads Remove the possible disturbance RECEIVER SATURATED Ambient light level too high on the receiver Caused by for example s...

Page 164: ...tion Cleaning FSM102 Windows on page 125 Warnings Table 31 Warning Messages Warning Message Probable Cause Remedy WINDOW CONTAMINATED Window contamination increased contamination compensation still reliable Clean the windows following the instructions given in section Cleaning FSM102 Windows on page 125 In cold and windy environment when the hood heaters are not used the dew heater power cannot ri...

Page 165: ...restore power to the 12 VOUT pin HOOD HEATER FAULT Hood heater not operational Hood temperature has increased less than 2 C within the 5 minutes since the heater was turned on by the automatic heater control circuit If operated only by battery DC power set the hood heater OFF to prevent this indication Check that the yellow LED is lit on the interface unit power supply board FSP103 If it is not ch...

Page 166: ... is off or out of power Check that the power switch is on and the LEDs on the FSP103 power board are lit and the status LED on the interface unit is blinking If the AC mains switch is on but no LED is lit check the fuses on the FSP103 board and verify the presence of a line voltage Dots instead of data message when using Windows HyperTerminal Wrong font being used Select View and Font from the dro...

Page 167: ...nd replace the blown fuse on the FSP103 board The fuses are shown in Figure 59 on page 157 Status LED inside FSI102 is giving a fast flash instead of a long flash of 1 Hz There is an indication on the FSC202 board Check the content of the indication from the status message and follow the instructions above Status LED inside the FSI102 is giving two fast flashes instead of blinking at 1 Hz constant...

Page 168: ... vaisala com Provide at least the following supporting information Name and model of the product in question Serial number of the product Name and location of the installation site Name and contact information of a technically competent person who can provide further information on the problem Product Returns If the product must be returned for service see www vaisala com returns For contact infor...

Page 169: ...ifications Table 34 FS11 Operational Specifications Property Description Value Measurement range of MOR 5 75 000 m with 1 3 and 10 minute averaging Accuracy 10 range 5 10 000 m 20 range 10 000 75 000 m Scatter measurement accuracy 3 Measurement interval 15 seconds Optical Specifications Table 35 FS11 General Optical Specifications Property Description Value Operating principle Forward scatter meas...

Page 170: ...er 0 3 A W in the range of 550 1050 nm Reception lens diameter 24 mm Optical monitoring Optical path blockage measurement Window contamination measurement and compensation circuitry Photodiode DC saturation signal Electrical Specifications Table 38 FS11 Electrical Specifications Property Description Value AC mains power supply 100 115 230 VAC 10 50 60 Hz Power consumption 370 VA maximum 50 VA 320 ...

Page 171: ...nged glass fiber mast Environmental Specifications Table 40 FS11 Environmental Specifications Property Description Value Operating temperature 40 65 C optional 55 65 C Operating humidity 0 100 Wind speed Up to 60 m s Sun orientation Direct and reflected sunlight into the light receiver must be avoided Electromagnetic Compatibility The FS11 sensor is CE compliant This compliance has been verified a...

Page 172: ...rithm written in the C programming language 16 bit type typedef unsigned short Word16 Calculate CRC 16 value as used in FS11 protocol Word16 crc16 const unsigned char buf int len Word16 crc int i j crc 0xffff for i 0 i len i crc buf i 8 for j 0 j 8 j Word16 xmask crc 0x8000 0x1021 0 crc 1 crc xmask return crc 0xffff The calculation of the checksum starts after the start of heading character and en...

Page 173: ...on 127 Backscatter measurement 125 Check 128 129 130 General 127 Visibility 127 Window contamination mesurement 125 Calibration kit 127 Checksum 72 Cleaning 125 128 161 162 Command mode 63 96 Advanced level 97 Closing 96 Opening 96 User level 97 Commands Advanced level 67 Automatic completion 70 Command mode 63 145 Entering 63 Polling 71 User level 65 Communication options 48 Communications settin...

Page 174: ...face enclosure Cable glands 44 Internal monitoring 111 Analog interfaces 122 Checksum 123 Communication 123 CRC16 123 Heaters 121 Optical contamination and blocking 118 Power supplies 121 Program operation 123 Signal monitoring 120 Transmitter intensity 120 L LED Status 123 Transmitter 103 LM21 21 57 91 Location 20 37 Lock in amplifier 104 110 M Mains cable selection 27 Mains power supply FSP103 1...

Page 175: ...tipoint transmission RS 485 50 Serial transmission RS 232 49 60 Settings Default 90 Initial 61 Serial communications 48 shutting down 61 Simulation message 93 Software description 110 Specifications 167 Start up 60 Status message Alarms 117 Contents 111 Errors 117 Indications 118 Warnings 118 Storage information 22 Surface temperature probe 122 System parameters 90 T Technical data 167 Testing Fix...

Page 176: ...www vaisala com M211187EN ...

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