Appendix B Glossary
Glossary
Description
I
ICMP (Internet Control
Messages Protocol)
Network layer Internet protocol that reports errors and provides other
information relevant to IP packet processing.
Internet
Largest global Internetwork, connecting tens of thousands of networks
worldwide and having a “culture” that focuses on research and
standardization based on real-life use.
IP (Internet Protocol)
Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless
Internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing, type-of-
service specification, fragmentation and reassembly, and security.
ISP (Internet Service
Provider)
Company that provides Internet access to other companies and
individuals.
IPsec (IP Security)
A framework of open standards that provides data confidentiality, data
integrity, and data authentication between participating peers.
L
LAN (Local Area Network)
High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small
geographic area (up to a few thousand meters). LANs connect
workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single
building or other geographically limited area.
M
MAC address (Media Access
Control address)
Standardized data link layer address that is required for every port or
device that connects to a LAN. Other devices in the network use these
addresses to locate specific ports in the network and to create and
update routing tables and data structures. MAC addresses are 6 bytes
long and are controlled by the IEEE.
MTU (Maximum
Transmission Unit)
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be transmitted.
N
NAT (Network Address
Translator)
Mechanism for reducing the need for globally unique IP addresses.
NAT allows an organization with addresses that are not globally
unique to connect to the Internet by translating those addresses into
globally routable address space.
NTP Server
NTP Server is used for synchronizing the time across computer
networks.
P
PPPoE (Point-to-Point
Protocol over Ethernet)
PPPoE is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames.
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