User Manual
PZ271E, valid for N-331
KSch, 1/18/2021
Physik Instrumente (PI) GmbH & Co. KG, Auf der Roemerstrasse 1, 76228 Karlsruhe, Germany
Page 25 / 30
Phone +49 721 4846-0, Fax +49 721 4846-1019, Email
The following figure shows the directions of acting forces and torques as examples. Depending
on the orientation of the setup, effects of gravity must be included in the calculation.
Figure 13: Forces and torques potentially affecting the runner (schematic)
F
p
: Active force (direction for forward motion of the runner) or
F
h
: Holding force (when the runner is at rest)
F: Force generated by load (positioning or holding)
F
l
: Lateral force
M
rot
: Torque (e.g. in the case of load mounting;
dashed: direction of action of the causal force)