SEBU8603-01
73
Maintenance Section
Re
fi
ll Capacities
Perkins 1200 series diesel engines have been
designed to operate only with ULSD. By using the
test methods “ASTM D5453, ASTM D2622, or ISO
20846 ISO 20884”, the content of sulfur in ULSD fuel
must be below 15 PPM (mg/kg) or 0.0015% mass.
NOTICE
Use of diesel fuel with higher than 15 PPM sulphur lim-
it in these engines will harm or permanently damage
emissions control systems and/or shorten their ser-
vice interval.
Lubricity
Lubricity is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
wear. The
fl
uids lubricity describes the ability of the
fl
uid to reduce the friction between surfaces that are
under load. This ability reduces the damage that is
caused by friction. Fuel injection systems rely on the
lubricating properties of the fuel. Until fuel sulfur limits
were mandated, the fuels lubricity was generally
believed to be a function of fuel viscosity.
The lubricity has particular signi
fi
cance to the current
ultra low sulfur fuel, and low aromatic fossil fuels.
These fuels are made in order to meet stringent
exhaust emissions.
The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear scar
diameter of 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch). The fuel lubricity
test must be performed on an HFRR, operated at
60 °C (140 °F). Refer to “ISO 12156-1 ”.
NOTICE
The fuels system has been quali
fi
ed with fuel hav-
ing lubricity up to 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch) wear scar
diameter as tested by “ISO 12156-1”. Fuel with higher
wear scar diameter than 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch) will
lead to reduced service life and premature failure of
the fuel system.
Fuel additives can enhance the lubricity of a fuel.
Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances
when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier
can make recommendations for additives to use, and
for the proper level of treatment.
Distillation
Distillation is an indication of the mixture of different
hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of light weight
hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
combustion.
Recommendation for Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be de
fi
ned as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from various feedstock. The most commonly
available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(REM). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed
oil. Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
engines. Without esteri
fi
cation, these oils solidify in
the crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may
not be compatible with many of the elastomers that
are used in engines that are manufactured today.
In original forms, these oils are not suitable for use
as a fuel in compression engines. Alternate base
stocks for biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste
cooking oils, or various other feedstocks. In order to
use any of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil
must be esteri
fi
ed.
Fuel made of 100 percent FAME is generally referred
to as B100 biodiesel or neat biodiesel.
Biodiesel can be blended with distillate diesel fuel.
The blends can be used as fuel. The most commonly
available biodiesel blends are B5, which is 5 percent
biodiesel and 95 percent distillate diesel fuel. B20,
which is 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent distillate
diesel fuel.
Note:
The percentages given are volume-based.
The U.S. distillate diesel fuel speci
fi
cation “ASTM
D975-09a” includes up to B5 (5 percent) biodiesel.
European distillate diesel fuel speci
fi
cation EN590:
2010 includes up B7 (7 percent) biodiesel.
Note:
Engines that are manufactured by Perkins
are certi
fi
ed by use of the prescribed Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certi
fi
cation
fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other
fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility
of using the correct fuel that is recommended by
the manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other
appropriate regulatory agencies.
Speci
fi
cation Requirements
The neat biodiesel must conform to the latest
“EN14214 or ASTM D6751” (in the USA). The
biodiesel can only be blended in mixture of up to
20% by volume in acceptable mineral diesel fuel
meeting latest edition of “EN590 or ASTM D975 S15”
designation.