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Macro 900 Operation Manual

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pass a minute electrical current through the water under test. For this
reason, when using the standard pH/ORP electrode, the water under test

must have a minimum EC (electrical conductivity) of 100µS/cm. Special low
EC pH electrodes are available to special order.

Summary of Contents for Macro 900

Page 1: ...Macro 900 Water Quality System Operation Manual www palintest com ...

Page 2: ...luding but not limited to loss of profits or revenue or anticipated profits or revenue or expenses incurred arising out of the use or inability to use any Palintest product miscalibration loss of data or product failure even if Palintest Ltd and or its affiliates has been advised of the possibility of such damages or they are foreseeable or for claims by any third party Notwithstanding the foregoi...

Page 3: ...ALL MEAN 16 6 2 TREND INDICATION 17 6 3 GLOBAL STABILITY INDICATION 18 6 4 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 18 6 5 GPS RECEPTION 19 7 DEPTH MEASUREMENT MAP 2100 ONLY 20 7 1 TAKING DEPTH MEASUREMENTS 20 7 2 DIFFERENTIAL DEPTH MEASUREMENT 20 8 MEMORY MODE 21 8 1 MANUALLY SAVING READINGS 21 8 2 RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS 21 8 3 RECALLING GLP DATA 21 8 4 CLEARING THE MEMORY 22 8 5 AUTOMATIC DATA LOG...

Page 4: ...LIBRATING EC 48 14 9 VERIFYING EC CALIBRATION 50 14 10 ERRORS DURING CALIBRATION 50 14 11 CLEANING THE EC CONTACTS 51 15 OPTIONAL OPTICAL PROBES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE 52 15 1 PT 1551 TURBIDITY PROBE 54 15 1 1 About Turbidity 54 15 1 2 Precautions During Use 54 15 1 3 Calibrating the Turbidity Electrodes 55 15 1 4 Turbidity Zero Point Calibration 55 15 1 5 Calibrating the Turbidity 1000 NTU P...

Page 5: ...n Preparation 83 15 6 5 Serial Dilution 84 15 6 6 Zero Point Calibration 84 15 6 7 Calibrating Point 2 86 15 6 8 Errors During Calibration 86 15 6 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance 86 15 7 PT 1557 REFINED OIL HYDROCARBON PROBE 87 15 7 1 Principle of Operation 87 15 7 2 Limitations of Use 87 15 7 3 Special Precautions When Using the REFOIL Probe 88 15 7 4 Calibrating the REFOIL Probe 88 15 7 5 Calibrat...

Page 6: ...point Calibration 115 POINT 2 116 POINT 3 117 16 8 3 Two point Calibration 117 16 8 4 Single point Calibration 117 16 8 5 Errors During Calibration 118 17 MACRO 900 LINK PC SOFTWARE 119 17 1 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 119 17 2 DRIVER INSTALLATION 119 17 3 RUNNING MACRO 900 LINK 119 17 4 UPLOADING DATA FROM YOUR MACRO 900 METER 120 17 5 DISPLAYING GPS CO ORDINATES 121 17 6 ON SCREEN HELP 122 17 7 SAVING...

Page 7: ...NMENT AND CALIBRATION 138 24 APPENDIX 4 STANDARD ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION 140 25 APPENDIX 5 OPTICAL PROBES DETAILED SPECIFICATION AND FAQS 142 25 1 WHAT ARE THE EXCITATION AND DETECTION WAVELENGTHS 142 25 2 HOW DOES THE REFINED OIL SENSOR WORK 142 25 3 I CAN SEE ALGAE IN THE WATER BUT MY SENSOR IS GIVING LOW READINGS WHY 143 25 4 WHAT IS THE RANGE AND RESOLUTION OF THE OPTICAL PROBES 143 ...

Page 8: ...ottle of pH storage solution Pot of silicone grease To complete your system you will also need a connection cable available in various lengths plus additional optional optical probes and ion selective electrodes 2 1 The Macro 900 and the Environment The Macro 900 Meter is designed to be used outdoors and is rated to IP67 that is to say it is waterproof but it is not designed for submersion In orde...

Page 9: ...ters 2 3 Important Information about the Probe Sleeve Sleeve End Cap The MAP 2000 2100 is constructed with an aluminium sleeve surrounding the delicate sensing electrodes The Sleeve can be easily removed by unscrewing to allow cleaning of the individual electrodes however the Probe sleeve forms an integral working part of the Probe s measurement system and MUST be fitted for correct operation ...

Page 10: ...uminium sleeve and end cap that enclose the sensing electrodes and provide a closed constant condition non reflective measurement chamber This is essential for the correct calibration and operation of all types of optical electrodes A diagram of the MAP 2000 2100 s measurement chamber is shown here In order to obtain consistent results the measurement chamber created must remain physically constan...

Page 11: ...ortant with the PT 1557 Refined Oil probe Always zero the optical electrodes just prior to use in clean water bottled still mineral water is ideal then deploy without disturbing the measurement chamber This is especially important when using the Turbidity and Refined Oil probes 2 5 About the Lanyard The lanyard supplied with the Macro 900 Meter may at first appear to be a little long This is inten...

Page 12: ... do not allow charging in situ Batteries must be removed and charged with a suitable battery charger outside the Meter We recommend the use of one of the Energizer range of NiMH chargers 3 4 Battery Condition Icon On all the main Macro 900 Meter screens a battery condition icon is displayed in the top left corner The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh and gradually empties as the batteri...

Page 13: ...navigation keys and central OK key The tree structure behind the MENU key should also be very familiar Each item on the menu leads to a sub menu and then either onto further menus or final choices Each branch of the menu system is navigated using the arrow keys At each point selections can be made by either pressing the OK key or the right arrow key To reverse along a branch of the menu system use...

Page 14: ...een Time Date ÆTime 15 46 37 Date 15 Jun 12 To set the time and date use the arrow keys to move the cursor around the screen Use the up and down arrow keys to adjust values When the time and date are correct press the OK key Don t worry if you make a mistake first time round You can easily get back to these screens later through the MENU key ...

Page 15: ... the cable the Macro 900 Meter can be connected Always ensure the Macro 900 Meter is switched off prior to connecting or disconnecting an MAP 2000 2100 Align the Palintest logo on the plug body with the red on off switch on the Macro 900 Meter then press the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar Once the MAP 2000 2100 is connected to the Macro 900 Meter switch the Meter on by press...

Page 16: ...l data screen for the Macro 900 Meter in conjunction with the MAP 2000 2100 is shown below r TEMP 018 5 C Ú ORP 0415 2 mV Ú pH 06 48 Å GPS Acquiring Æ Left right arrows at the bottom corners of the screen indicate further data screens are available To access these screens simply press either the left or right arrow keys Any value that is out of range or unavailable will be displayed as dashes The ...

Page 17: ...100 only Lat Latitude Degrees Mins Macro 900 Meter Long Longitude Degrees Mins Macro 900 Meter Alt Altitude above Sea Level Meters or Feet Macro 900 Meter Note the Depth is not displayed with the MAP 2000 In this case barometric pressure is displayed after the altitude Alt at the end of line 3 on the position and altitude screen with no prefix as shown 1013mb on the above screen example Items in t...

Page 18: ...ation in response of the electrodes due to temperature is automatically calculated During measurement the variation in response of the electrodes due to temperature is automatically compensated for During calibration of the EC electrode the variation in the calibration buffer solution due to temperature is automatically corrected for During measurement of EC the readings can be displayed without a...

Page 19: ...be able to see a reasonably large amount of the sky The GPS receiver will not work indoors or when shielded from the sky by any solid structure After switch on the GPS receiver will automatically start to search for satellites During this phase the message GPS Acquiring will be shown on the bottom line of all the screens As soon as three satellites are acquired two dimensional position no altitude...

Page 20: ...o the Meter and switch on prior to submerging the probe in water Select the Baro Depth screen as illustrated below The depth should be reading zero r BARO 1013mb DEPTH 00 00m Hit OK to zero Å GPS 3D Pos Æ If the depth is not reading zero this is possible if the probe is wet and a low EC reading is registering press the OK key You will be asked to confirm by pressing OK again Slowly lower the probe...

Page 21: ...n arrow and a left right arrow This is to indicate that the Meter is in Memory Recall mode and that other screens can be accessed using the arrow keys To see earlier readings press the up arrow key Just before each set of readings is displayed the Tag will be briefly displayed To view all the parameters within one set of readings use the left right arrow keys as described earlier To exit Memory Re...

Page 22: ...able of storing 1000 full sets of readings To clear the entire memory switch the Meter off hold down the M key then switch the Meter back on A screen will be displayed asking you to confirm your request Press OK to clear the memory or ESC to cancel and return to normal operation 8 5 Automatic Data Logging If you want to save readings automatically on a regular basis in order say to check water qua...

Page 23: ...Probe format In other words the same way that it came up from the Probe When you recall the data in Memory Recall mode the data is decompressed then processed for display The advantage of this is that the readings will always appear in the current Meter configuration For example if you spent a day taking readings with the Meter set to read Dissolved Oxygen in Saturation then when you got back you ...

Page 24: ... to adjust Dissolved Oxygen Electrical Conductivity or TDS Choose line 2 if you want to adjust Temperature pH ORP or Salinity Finally line 3 will give access to Barometric Pressure Altitude and Depth settings Moving the cursor right onto the first line will display the following screen Units Æ DO SAT EC Ref 25 C TDS Fact 0 65 On this screen you can adjust the DO setting between Sat and mg L This w...

Page 25: ...rated by the pH electrode in millivolts mV over a range of 625mV This is not temperature compensated The last option on this screen allows you to choose between displaying salinity in Practical Salinity Units PSU or parts per thousand ppt which is the same as grams per litre Selecting the third line of the Units Menu will display the following screen Units Æ BARO mb ALT Metres The first line allow...

Page 26: ...ng screen will be displayed The numbers 1 6 represent the AUX socket numbers Only sockets 1 and 2 are available on the MAP 2000 2100 so the other four are shown as N A The additional sockets are available on larger Probes SOCKET ASSIGNMENTS Æ1 EMPTY l 4 N A 2 EMPTY l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A Using the up and down arrow keys select the AUX socket you wish to assign then move the cursor to the right by p...

Page 27: ...red electrode type is showing move the cursor back to the left of the socket number then press OK to send the selection to the MAP 2000 2100 The socket assignments are stored in the MAP 2000 2100 If you press the ESC key whilst in this screen any changes you have made will not be transferred to the MAP 2000 2100 Please note changing an AUX Socket assignment will clear all the calibration data for ...

Page 28: ...an be directly inserted The MAP 2000 2100 is designed to be calibrated in these calibration bottles with the Probe Sleeve Sleeve End Cap and End Cap Plug fitted The Probe Sleeve Sleeve End Cap and End Cap Plug form an integral working part of the Probe s measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation See section Error Reference source not found Error...

Page 29: ...e solution is right up to the neck of the bottle If the level is low the EC electrodes will not be covered and EC will not calibrate properly If the level is low top up with fresh MacroCal solution 3 Switch the Macro 900 Meter on and wait until all readings are completely stable The longer you can leave the probe to achieve thermal equilibrium before proceeding the better 4 Ensure the temperature ...

Page 30: ...o Accessory Probe you must now remove the rubber sealing cap from the ISE electrode then re calibrate the optical probe s zero point Pt 1 in fresh clean water bottled still mineral water is ideal The ISE electrode s sealing cap alters the optical characteristics of the measurement chamber and can therefore render the optical electrode s zero point calibration performed during MacroCal erroneous No...

Page 31: ...ed press OK then ESC repeatedly to return to normal reading mode 10 4 Calibration Error Messages If the Macro 900 Meter detects a problem with either the MAP 2000 2100 or the calibration solution during the calibration procedure an error will be indicated The chart below shows the possible errors and how to correct them Error Message Problem Action REPLACE DO CAP Full re calibration required or Op...

Page 32: ...ibration point selected If the OUT OF TEMP RANGE error persists when carrying out a three point ISE calibration check your solution temperatures are within the specified limits with respect to each other Remember The Probe sleeve forms an integral working part of the Probe s measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation If you try to calibrate the P...

Page 33: ...be s memory When a Probe is connected to a Meter this data is transferred for display and logging This is a major advantage and allows you to use a variety of different Probes with a single Meter without the need for re calibration 10 7 Calibration Reports At the conclusion of each successful individual electrode calibration a single line Calibration Report is displayed This report contains the ra...

Page 34: ...ean water Shake the water from inside the Sleeve then reattach Dry the outside of the Probe using a soft cloth Remember to replace the pH ORP storage cap after use Failure to do so will damage the electrode For more details see Keeping the Electrodes Moist in section 13 Never clean the Probe with solvents alcohol or concentrated acid alkaline based cleaning products such as Decon 90 These products...

Page 35: ...r than regular cleaning and calibration very little in the way of maintenance is needed 12 1 Identifying The Individual Electrodes The photograph below shows the two standard electrodes The DO EC electrode includes the Optical DO sensor and the EC sensor These electrodes will be referred to in the next two sections ...

Page 36: ... ORP electrode removed This will cause serious damage to the electrode socket This is not covered by your warranty 13 3 Keeping the Electrodes Moist It is very important that the pH ORP electrode is kept moist when not in use This is achieved by always fitting the storage cap which incorporates a sponge that should be soaked in a special storage solution The sponge within the storage cap should be...

Page 37: ...solution At all other times the ISE electrodes should be left uncovered 13 5 1 Calibrating the First Point pH 7 00 Due to the way in which pH calibration works the Probe must be calibrated at pH7 00 before calibrating at pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 Never calibrate at pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 before first calibrating at pH7 00 To calibrate the pH electrode follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle with fre...

Page 38: ...e to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 1 2mV Calibrating 100 Press ...

Page 39: ... goes below 45mV pH at 25 C the pH electrode should be serviced Press OK then press the ESC key repeatedly to get back to the main display Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle rinse thoroughly in fresh water shake off any excess and dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth 13 5 3 Calibrating the Third Point Without switching the Macro 900 Meter off or disconnecting the Probe fill a calibrati...

Page 40: ...oak in 0 1M HCl for 5 minutes 3 Rinse in de ionised water 4 Soak in 0 1M NaOH for 5 minutes 5 Rinse in de ionised water 6 Soak in pH4 01 buffer for 10 minutes If the above procedure still does not restore performance replace the electrode 13 9 Calibrating ORP ORP electrodes should be calibrated at least once a month to ensure optimum accuracy Full calibration involves calibrating at a single point...

Page 41: ... Select ORP The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Of...

Page 42: ... in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe When calibration is complete press the OK key then the ESC key repeatedly to return to normal operating mode Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle rinse thoroughly in fresh water shake off any excess and dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Dampen the sponge in the storage cap with storage solution and fit it to...

Page 43: ...one atmosphere partial pressure and a solution containing hydrogen ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures The ORP reference electrode used in Palintest combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver chloride type and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of Temperature Potential 5 C 221 mV 10 C 217 mV 15 C 214 mV 20 C 210 mV 25 C 207 mV 30 C 203 mV 35 C 200 mV 40 C 196 mV Thus to refer an...

Page 44: ... tested serious damage can occur to the DO EC electrode circuitry 14 4 Calibrating the DO EC Electrode Calibration of the EC section of the electrode is normally carried out during MacroCal see MacroCal Calibration Method EC can be calibrated separately using different EC Calibration Standards this is covered after the DO calibration section Calibrating EC The DO section of the electrode should be...

Page 45: ...o The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 4 4 C...

Page 46: ...above dependent on software version select DO100 5 Wait while the Macro 900 Meter carries out the calibration procedure 6 When calibration is complete the Calibration Report will be displayed The top line will display a value which represents the health of the luminophore This value should be between 0 8 and 1 5 at 25 C If the value returned is less than 0 8 the Optical DO Cap should be replaced T...

Page 47: ... steps 1 Remove the Probe sleeve 2 Unscrew the Optical DO Cap from the end of the DO EC electrode by rotating it anti clockwise Do not touch the exposed optical components 3 Apply a light smear of silicone grease to the thread and O ring 4 Remove the new Optical DO Cap from its light proof bag and quickly screw it onto the end of the DO EC electrode Ensure that the cap is screwed fully onto the el...

Page 48: ...UST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation If you try to calibrate the Probe without the sleeve fitted you will get the OUT OF CAL RANGE error message For best results calibrate as close to 25ºC as possible The probe will compensate for temperature variation in the Calibration Standard during calibration 1 Remove the storage cap from the pH electrode if fitted wash the ...

Page 49: ...re using is already displayed press the OK key to start calibrating Remember if you are using MacroCal solution the EC value on this line should be 2570 If the value of the EC Calibration Standard you are using is not displayed press the right arrow key The bottom line will change to Calibration DOZero 01 Jan 12 DO100 01 Jan 12 ECÆ2570 01 Jan 12 You can now use the up and down arrow keys to select...

Page 50: ...n it is advisable to verify calibration has been properly achieved To do this follow item nine above with this procedure 1 Remove the probe from the calibration bottle shake it off then reinsert 2 Press the ESC key repeatedly to get back to the Main Menu 3 Go into settings and make sure EC is set to read with reference to 25ºC If it s not set it that way See section 9 Error Reference source not fo...

Page 51: ...acts On a regular basis thoroughly clean the four stainless steel EC contacts situated on the side of the DO EC electrode with a soft cloth or toothbrush and non abrasive detergent Never use solvent or alcohol based products to clean the DO EC electrode After cleaning replace the Probe sleeve and re calibrate ...

Page 52: ... readings the environment in which the measurements are made must be completely stable and repeatable For this reason the MAP 2000 2100 is constructed with a matt black aluminium sleeve and end cap that enclose the sensing electrodes and provide a closed constant condition non reflective measurement chamber This is essential for the correct calibration and operation of all types of Optical Probes ...

Page 53: ...intest com Page 53 of 147 Always zero the Optical Probes just prior to use in clean water bottled still mineral water is ideal then deploy without disturbing the measurement chamber This is especially important when using the Turbidity and Ref Oil electrodes ...

Page 54: ...dark colours can also reduce a certain portion of the scattered light by varying degrees Combined these effects result in wide variability in the distribution and intensity of light scattering from a turbid water sample As a result different combinations of particle shape size colour and refractive index can produce similar turbidity effects By contrast changing only the incident light wavelength ...

Page 55: ... solutions never shake the bottles 15 1 4 Turbidity Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the Turbidity zero point follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle with de ionised water or fresh MacroCal solution remove the storage cap from the pH electrode if fitted wash the Probe in distilled water then drop the MAP in all the way The Sleeve End Cap and Plug must be fitted Bang the MAP against the b...

Page 56: ...each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select Pt 1 The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counte...

Page 57: ...s far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the Turbidity Receiver Electrode in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue Turbidity calibration is now complete 15 1 6 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs du...

Page 58: ...ey w Anderson USGS 2004 Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook Randy D Down and Jay H Lehr Chapter 24 Turbidity Monitoring John Downing John Wiley Sons Inc 2005 Turbidity Science Michael J Sadar Hach Company 1998 Guidelines and Standard Procedures for continuous Water Quality Monitors Site Selection Field Operation Calibration Record Computation and Reporting Richard J Wagner et al US...

Page 59: ...e fluorescent response between various species of BGA x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by temperature x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light x Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence cha...

Page 60: ...Limitations of Use section The 100µg L calibration solution should be freshly prepared by serial dilution from 200g L standard using deionised water The following Rhodamine WT standard is recommended Part number 70301027 Description Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advi...

Page 61: ...lts in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the BGA PC sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded ...

Page 62: ... and BGA PC readings are stable If the BGA PC reading is very high there are probably air bubbles adhering to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The s...

Page 63: ...illivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe 15 2 7 Calibrating Point 2 Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle shake off any excess water then dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Fill a calibration bottle with freshly mixed Rhodamine calibration solution and drop the Probe in all the way Again bang the Probe against the...

Page 64: ...www palintest com Page 64 of 147 Calibration is now complete 15 2 8 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 65: ...Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point afte...

Page 66: ...h fluoresce at similar wavelengths x Differences in the fluorescent response between various species of BGA x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by temperature x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light x Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a spec...

Page 67: ...of Use section The 8µg L calibration solution should be freshly prepared by serial dilution from 200g L standard using deionised water The following Rhodamine WT standard is recommended Part number 70301027 Description Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 3 5 Seri...

Page 68: ...lts in a 1 in 12500 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 8μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the BGA PE sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded ...

Page 69: ...it until the temperature and BGA PE readings are stable If the BGA PE reading is very high there are probably air bubbles adhering to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal...

Page 70: ...sful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the probe in millivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe 15 3 7 Calibrating Point 2 Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle shake off any...

Page 71: ...from the probe in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue The reading on the Macro 900 Meter directly after calibration should be approximately 200 000 cells L at 20ºC this value will vary with temperature Calibration is now complete 15 3 8 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 ...

Page 72: ...Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point afte...

Page 73: ...ecies of phytoplankton x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by temperature x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light x Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an ind...

Page 74: ...scription Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 4 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 500μg L is recommended to be done as a two ste...

Page 75: ...ading is very high there are probably air bubbles adhering to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration ÆpH ORP DO EC A...

Page 76: ...obe from the calibration bottle shake off any excess water then dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth Fill a calibration bottle with freshly mixed Rhodamine calibration solution and drop the Probe in all the way Again bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the probe Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point...

Page 77: ...Macro 900 Operation Manual V3 2013 Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 77 of 147 ...

Page 78: ...e Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point af...

Page 79: ...scent response caused by ambient light x Interference caused by turbidity The normal effects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Rhodamine is automatically compensated for by the probe 15 5 3 Calibrating the RHOD Probe The RHOD probe has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a RHOD probe is first installed it MUST ...

Page 80: ... 1L with deionized water Put a lid on the 1L flask and invert 10 times This step results in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the RHOD sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 5 6 Zero Point ...

Page 81: ...change to CALIBRATE Rhod ÆPt 1 01 Jan 12 Pt 2 01 Jan 12 Calibration point 1 Pt 1 is the Zero point Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select Pt 1 The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration c...

Page 82: ...r stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the probe in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue Calibration is now complete 15 5 8 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source n...

Page 83: ...sed by temperature x Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light x Interference caused by turbidity The normal effects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Fluorescein is automatically compensated for by the probe 15 6 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Probe The FSCEIN probe has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable r...

Page 84: ...th deionized water Invert to mix This step results in a 1 in 50 dilution and gives you the 100μg L FSCEIN calibration standard required for Pt 2 The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 6 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle with distilled water rem...

Page 85: ... change to CALIBRATE Fcein ÆPt 1 01 Jan 12 Pt 2 01 Jan 12 Calibration point 1 Pt 1 is the Zero point Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select Pt 1 The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration...

Page 86: ...er stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the probe in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue Calibration is now complete 15 6 8 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source ...

Page 87: ...ocess Î During operation the Refined Oil Probe emits high intensity ultraviolet UV light which is harmful to skin and eyes Î UV light is hazardous to skin and may cause cancer Avoid exposure to UV light when the Probe is in operational Î Precautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Probe without the use of UV light protective glasses Î Do not look directly at the lenses on the front ...

Page 88: ... Do not leave the MAP 2000 2100 powered on for prolonged periods if not submerged This can cause the UV LED to overheat x Do not deploy the REFOIL probe in water temperatures above 30ºC x Always carry out a zero point Point 1 calibration as close to operational temperature as possible prior to every use 15 7 4 Calibrating the REFOIL Probe The REFOIL probe has two calibration points Careful calibra...

Page 89: ... in a 1 in 100 dilution of the 1000ppm stock giving the 10ppm standard required for Pt 2 calibration The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded Important note When calibrating the Refined Oil sensor with naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt the readings given will be in μg L ppb naphthalene In order to display r...

Page 90: ...ROBE Æ1 Oil l 4 N A 2 EMPTY l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A The Oil probe should have been assigned to AUX socket 1 when it was fitted Press the OK or right arrow key to select Oil The screen will change to CALIBRATE Oil ÆPt 1 01 Jan 12 Pt 2 01 Jan 12 Calibration point 1 Pt 1 is the Zero point Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of...

Page 91: ... Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the probe in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue Calibration is now complete 15 7 9 Errors During Ca...

Page 92: ...Macro 900 Operation Manual V3 2013 Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 92 of 147 ...

Page 93: ...ults Prior to initial calibration all ISE Electrodes should be soaked in their relevant Point 1 calibration solution for 20 30 minutes When an ISE electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at three points in order to establish the electrode s slope and thermal characteristics Two of the calibration points must be at the same temperature whilst the third must be at least 10ºC cooler Subseq...

Page 94: ...0mL Ammonium 1000ppm as NH4 ISE Supplier T E Laboratories Ltd Ireland Contact http www tellab ie Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibrati...

Page 95: ...e temperature and NH4 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration ÆpH ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrode...

Page 96: ... calibration record book for the probe along with the temperature Point 2 1 Remove the probe from the 10ppm solution and wash thoroughly in deionised water Dry the probe then drop it into to the warm 100ppm solution 2 Stir the probe until the temperature and NH4 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is within 1ºC of the pre...

Page 97: ...less than 10ºC cooler than the Pt 1 and Pt 2 calibration temperatures an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again 16 4 3 Two point Calibration Two point calibration should be carried out weekly For this 10ppm and 100ppm solutions are required The two solutions can be at any temperature between 5ºC and 30ºC but they both must be the s...

Page 98: ...Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 98 of 147 16 4 5 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 99: ...rate 1000ppm ISE Supplier T E Laboratories Ltd Ireland Contact http www tellab ie Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and r...

Page 100: ...eter on and stir the probe until the temperature and NO3 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration ÆpH ORP DO EC Au...

Page 101: ...ivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe along with the temperature Point 2 1 Remove the probe from the 10ppm solution and wash thoroughly in deionised water Dry the probe then drop it into to the warm 100ppm solution 2 Stir the probe until the temperature and NO3 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is reco...

Page 102: ...erature of the cool 10ppm solution is less than 10ºC cooler than the Pt 1 and Pt 2 calibration temperatures an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again 16 5 3 Two point Calibration Two point calibration should be carried out weekly For this 10ppm and 100ppm solutions are required The two solutions can be at any temperature between 5º...

Page 103: ...Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 103 of 147 16 5 5 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 104: ...000ppm ISE Supplier T E Laboratories Ltd Ireland Contact http www tellab ie Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain ...

Page 105: ... Meter on and stir the probe until the temperature and Cl readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration ÆpH ORP DO EC A...

Page 106: ...ivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe along with the temperature Point 2 1 Remove the probe from the 10ppm solution and wash thoroughly in deionised water Dry the probe then drop it into to the warm 100ppm solution 2 Stir the probe until the temperature and Cl readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recom...

Page 107: ...erature of the cool 10ppm solution is less than 10ºC cooler than the Pt 1 and Pt 2 calibration temperatures an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again 16 6 3 Two point Calibration Two point calibration should be carried out weekly For this 10ppm and 100ppm solutions are required The two solutions can be at any temperature between 5º...

Page 108: ...Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 108 of 147 16 6 5 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 109: ...m ISE Supplier T E Laboratories Ltd Ireland Contact http www tellab ie Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain 50mL ...

Page 110: ...eter on and stir the probe until the temperature and Ca2 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration ÆMacroCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration ÆpH ORP DO EC Au...

Page 111: ...ivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe along with the temperature Point 2 1 Remove the probe from the 10ppm solution and wash thoroughly in deionised water Dry the probe then drop it into to the warm 100ppm solution 2 Stir the probe until the temperature and Ca2 readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is reco...

Page 112: ...erature of the cool 10ppm solution is less than 10ºC cooler than the Pt 1 and Pt 2 calibration temperatures an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again 16 7 3 Two point Calibration Two point calibration should be carried out weekly For this 10ppm and 100ppm solutions are required The two solutions can be at any temperature between 5º...

Page 113: ...Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 113 of 147 16 7 5 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 114: ... 1000ppm ISE Supplier T E Laboratories Ltd Ireland Contact http www tellab ie Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 5ppm solution 250mL of 5ppm solution is required To prepare this first make an intermediate dilution of 50ppm To do this mix 6mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 114mL of deionised water This will produce 120m...

Page 115: ...orage cap from the pH electrode wash the Probe in distilled water dry the probe thoroughly then drop the Probe in to the warm 0 5ppm solution 2 Switch the Macro 900 Meter on and stir the probe until the temperature and F readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then sele...

Page 116: ...is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 348mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the ISE electrode in millivolts mV This value is not stored in memory so should be noted down in a calibration record book for the probe along with the temperature Point 2 1 Remove the probe from the 0 5ppm...

Page 117: ...robe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the cool 0 5ppm solution is less than 10ºC cooler than the Pt 1 and Pt 2 calibration temperatures an OUT OF TEMP RANGE cal...

Page 118: ...temperature between 5ºC and 30ºC To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 only 16 8 5 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Error Reference source not found in section 10 for error message handling ...

Page 119: ... Macro 900 Meter has batteries installed but is switched off Connect the Macro 900 Meter to your PC using the USB cable supplied The Macro 900 Meter will switch itself on automatically and display USB CONNECTED on its screen as you plug into your PC The Found New Hardware wizard on your PC will automatically activate Select the recommended option Locate and install driver software If given the opt...

Page 120: ...he USB cable supplied The Macro 900 Meter should switch itself on automatically and display USB CONNECTED on its screen Click the Upload Data From Macro 900 Meter button Macro 900 Link will search for the Macro 900 Meter then upload all the available logged data from the Meter to your PC A progress bar and file counter will be displayed during this process Once upload is complete the memory Tag da...

Page 121: ... current settings See Important Information About Memory Mode in section 8 for more information 17 5 Displaying GPS Co ordinates On the right of the screen the position at which the data was logged is displayed in the GPS boxes Latitude and longitude can be displayed as Degrees and decimal Minutes DD MM MMMM or as decimal Degrees DD DDDDD Select one format or the other by clicking one of the two o...

Page 122: ...When a raw data file is opened it will appear exactly as uploaded data and the file name will be displayed in the box below the Report Header box 17 9 Exporting Data Macro 900 Link can export data in three different formats Before exporting data the actual data to be exported must be selected First select which data records you want to export by checking the relevant check boxes in the Uploaded Da...

Page 123: ... imported into any text editor or word processor package Useful Tip Of the two text editors supplied with Windows Microsoft WordPad is the preferred text editor for viewing Macro 900 Link Text Reports as this handles text file formatting better than Microsoft Notepad A typical report cover page follows ...

Page 124: ...e 26 Jul 2009 Time 10 51 00 SAL 0 40ppt Tag 0001 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 09 33 SSG 0 0st Tag 0001 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 09 33 Lowest readings Temp 17 9C Tag 0254 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 07 14 01 Baro 1005mb Tag 0838 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 46 00 Turb 04 1 NTU Tag 0830 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 06 00 pH 7 55 Tag 0003 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 19 01 pHmV 40 8mV Tag 0556 Date 26 Jul 2009 Time 08 24 ...

Page 125: ... only data logged with a valid GPS position can be exported to Google files Google files are exported in Google s proprietary Keyhole Markup Language with a kml extension and can be directly imported into either Google Maps or Google Earth where the data is overlaid on maps or satellite images respectively Google Maps has a maximum import limit of 200 data records per file If you intend to view yo...

Page 126: ...arge at present Once you have downloaded Google Earth and have it running follow these steps 1 Click on File 2 Select Open from the list 3 Browse for the file you exported from Macro 900 Link and select it You will now be able to view your data overlaid on Google Earth Satellite images Each data point is represented by a yellow pushpin and all the data points are listed in a column on the left of ...

Page 127: ...arth The data displayed on Google Maps is useful but for real detail Google Earth is the answer Zooming in on the satellite photos in Google Earth is a great way to spot potential sources of pollution If one of the readings you have taken shows an abnormality the chances are that you will be able to spot the possible source of the problem a riverside factory for example directly on the satellite p...

Page 128: ...em Please note The majority of perceived problems can be rectified by careful study of this instruction manual use of the TROUBLESHOOTING section below or with a little help from our engineers over the phone Always contact our Service Department prior to returning any equipment 18 1 Cleaning Prior To Return In order to protect the health and safety of our employees any equipment returned for servi...

Page 129: ..._________ ________________ Postal code ___________________________________ Country ______________________________________ Phone ________________________________________ email __________________________________________ Product ______________________________________ Serial No ______________________________________ Contaminant if known _________________________________________________________________...

Page 130: ...t The USB CONNECTED message does not appear on the Macro 900 Meter when it is connected to a PC 9 The batteries in the Macro 900 Meter may be dead or incorrectly fitted Check you have fresh batteries fitted and that they are inserted the correct way round The USB cable does not power the Macro 900 Meter 9 There may be a problem with the USB socket on the PC try an alternative socket ERROR 01 appea...

Page 131: ...Sleeve must be absolutely rigid with respect to the Probe Body for correct EC operation If you can move the Probe Sleeve to and fro whilst holding the Probe Body tighten then recalibrate 9 The EC electrode may need recalibrating Recalibrate 9 The EC electrode may be dirty Clean the EC electrode then recalibrate Turbidity readings are inaccurate or unstable 9 Have you got the Probe Sleeve and end c...

Page 132: ...Macro 900 Operation Manual V3 2013 Palintest Ltd www palintest com Page 132 of 147 2004 108 EC and 1999 5 EC ...

Page 133: ...ation it is possible to determine the level of dissolved oxygen present Whilst this sounds very simple in principle the optical system and the high speed electronics required to obtain good accuracy are extremely complex Housed in a resin filled marine grade aluminium body that measures just 8mm 0 3 diameter by 13mm 0 5 long the fully waterproof Optical DO Sensor Module contains blue excitation an...

Page 134: ... therefore follows that the faster a reading can be taken the less time the luminophore needs to be excited and the longer it will last The high speed circuitry within the Optical DO module requires just eleven milliseconds to take a reading This incredibly fast reading time increases the useful life of the luminophore considerably Another technique used to prolong the life of the luminophore in t...

Page 135: ...D tube The spigots have a tapered thread so should be screwed into the inlet and outlet holes of the Flowcell until they are tight At this point they should seal due to the taper If a spigot will not seal properly remove it then re insert with some PTFE plumber s tape wrapped around the thread 22 3 Probe Installation The probe sleeve and protective Sleeve End Cap must be fitted to the MAP Loosen t...

Page 136: ...the Flowcell and damage the plastic components 22 7 Flowcell Troubleshooting Problem Cause Remedy DO readings are abnormally high or are fluctuating wildly Aeration of sample water Check all joints for air leaks Reduce flow rate to avoid cavitation Turbidity readings are abnormally high Air bubbles adhering to the Turbidity Electrode lenses Agitate Flowcell to dislodge Aeration of sample water Che...

Page 137: ...ectrodes feature a single pin gold connector Optical Probes are designed to fit into the MAP 2000 2100 socket labelled AUX1 ISE Electrodes are designed to fit into the MAP 2000 2100 socket labelled AUX2 23 1 Installing AUX Electrodes First identify the type of electrode you are installing then remove the blanking plug from the relevant AUX socket on the MAP 2000 2100 To remove the blanking plug an...

Page 138: ...he up and down arrow keys select the AUX socket you wish to assign then move the cursor to the right by pressing the right arrow key When the cursor has moved to the right of the AUX socket number use the up and down arrow keys to select the appropriate electrode type The tables below show the available electrode options and the selection that should be made on this screen MAP 2000 2100 type Optic...

Page 139: ...tion of this manual and carry out a full two point optical or three point ISE calibration of the new electrode YOUR NEW ELECTRODE WILL NOT GIVE SENSIBLE READINGS UNTIL IT HAS BEEN FULLY CALIBRATED Please note changing an AUX Socket assignment will clear all the calibration data for that socket If you subsequently remove an electrode be sure to replace the blanking plug and set the socket assignmen...

Page 140: ...cy 5mV Range 5 C 50 C 23 F 122 F Temperature Resolution 0 1 C F Accuracy 0 5 C Readings calculated from EC and temperature electrode values Palintest Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 The accuracy figures quoted throughout this document represent the equipment s capability at the calibration points at 25 C These figures do not take into account errors introduce...

Page 141: ...e 141 of 147 pass a minute electrical current through the water under test For this reason when using the standard pH ORP electrode the water under test must have a minimum EC electrical conductivity of 100µS cm Special low EC pH electrodes are available to special order ...

Page 142: ...rgy light at the excitation wavelength and responds to fluorescence in the detection range The deep UV excitation of the Refined Oil Electrode is permanently on 25 2 How does the Refined Oil sensor work The Refined Oil sensor detects volatile organic compounds VOCs that are found in petroleum derivatives These include benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes BTEX The sensor is a fixed frequency in...

Page 143: ...pb Resolution 0 1 µg L Chlorophyll Repeatability 5 of reading see note 3 MLD 1 0 1µg L MLR 2 5 µg L Phycocyanin Range 0 300 000 cells mL BGA PC Resolution 1 cell mL Freshwater Blue Repeatability 10 of reading see note 3 Green Algae MLD 1 200 cells mL Phycoerythri n Range 0 200 000 cells mL BGA PE Resolution 1 cell mL Marine Blue Repeatability 10 of reading see note 3 Green Algae MLD 1 400 cells mL...

Page 144: ...ences in fluorescence caused by temperature ambient light and turbidity can all cause inaccuracies Fluorescence measurement is ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance in reasonable concentrations and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurem...

Page 145: ... L 100 0 29 999 9 mg L Nitrate Accuracy 10 of reading or 2ppm whichever is greater MLD 1 0 5 ppm Interfering Ions 2 Chloride Bromide Fluoride Sulphate Chlorate and Perchlorate pH Range 3 3 10 Range 0 2 000mg L ppm Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 mg L 100 0 1 999 9 mg L Calcium Accuracy 10 of reading or 2ppm whichever is greater MLD 1 0 05 ppm Interfering Ions 2 Magnesium Barium Lead Zinc...

Page 146: ...nction with the pH electrode during measurement For this reason the selected MAP must have a working pH or pH ORP electrode fitted and the conductivity EC of the water under test must be greater than 50µS cm 4 All ion selective electrodes exhibit calibration drift over time Drift should not be a major problem where the electrodes can be frequently calibrated However if the electrodes are to be use...

Page 147: ...de If there is no water flow across the ISE electrode the ions in the immediate area of the electrode will be depleted and the reading will start to fall This also applies to calibration where the probe should be stirred at all times 26 1 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes during pH Calibration The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including MacroCal can cause signi...

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Summary of Contents for Macro 900

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Summary of Contents for Macro 900

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