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O

PERATION 

M

ANUAL 

VKL

 

10

 

/100 

 

V

ERSION 

V005-06-2020 

24 

 

8. Maintenance 

 

PALAS 

®

 recommends an annual maintenance of the dilution systems. The maintenance 

procedure includes besides of an entire function check (e.g. annular clearance, dilution 

factor) the issueing of an updated calibration certificate. Additionally, the particle cleanliness 

of the VKL is being checked and reconditioned in case of contamination. 

 

Additional information: Does your dilution system has to be maintained 
ahead of schedule? 

 

Function test of the VKL series in the laboratory:  

-

 

with the simple test set-up (see figure. 1), the dilution systems can be examined by 

everyone 

-

 

first, in measurement 1, the particle concentration of the room air is measured 

-

 

afterwards, the test system is connected between VKL 100 and the OPC (see figure. 2) 

and the measurement 2 is performed 

-

 

the dilution factor can be determined according to formula 2 

 

Position 1

 

 

 

 

Figure 1: test setup step 1 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2: test setup step 2 

measurement 1 

laboratory air 

VKL 100 

OPC 

measurement 2 

laboratory air 

VKL 100 

VKL 10 

OPC 

predilution 

test system 

Summary of Contents for VKL 10

Page 1: ...PALAS GmbH Partikel und Lasermesstechnik Greschbachstrasse 3b 76229 Karlsruhe Phone 49 0 721 96213 0 Fax 49 0 721 96213 33 mail palas de www palas de Operation Manual Dilution System VKL 10 and VKL 100 ...

Page 2: ... Nozzle and Isokinetic Conditions 10 5 Equipment Layout 11 5 1 The Pneumatic System 11 5 2 Components and their Function 12 5 3 The Calibration Certificate 14 6 Operation 15 6 1 Installation 15 6 1 1 Installation as Single Unit 15 6 1 2 Cascading of Two or More Units 16 6 2 Selecting Appropriate Outlet Nozzles 18 6 3 Setting of Pre pressure 19 6 4 Impact of Pressure and Temperature 20 6 4 1 Pressu...

Page 3: ...he dilution system of the series VKL does not work correctly 28 10 1 Pollution of the dilution system 28 10 2 FAQs 28 10 3 General 28 11 Technical Data 29 12 Spare parts list accessories list 30 13 Transport packaging and storage 30 13 1 Packaging 30 13 2 Storage 30 13 3 Transport 30 14 Disposal of the VKL dilution systems 31 15 Literature 31 16 Feedback form 32 ...

Page 4: ... for defects resulting from improper operation if operation takes place under different environmental conditions such as corrosive or explosive environment strong electric or electromagnetic fields within areas of ionizing radiation within areas prone to shock or vibration If the dilution system is used with humid and sticky aerosols it needs to be checked for dirt more frequently especially for p...

Page 5: ...cking of equipment if delivery is complete Besides the dilution stage itself the following items must be part of the delivery 1 suction nozzle 4 transport covers yellow plastic parts installed at the equipment 1 box spanner size 14 mm nut 1 tube connector for the excess aerosol outlet black plastic part Fig 1 1 VKL 10 ...

Page 6: ...e measurement of aerosols which gas conditions or compound the instrument is not specified for The machine may only be operated in dry rooms under atmospheric ambient pressure and at room temperature Operating under other ambient conditions such as in corrosive or explosive environments in strong electric or electromagnetic fields in areas with ionising radiation as well as in areas subject to imp...

Page 7: ...sition off connect compressed air supply 4 8 bar fast coupling NG 8 turn pre pressure control counterclockwise first until it arrests lift locking ring switch on dilution stage set desired pre pressure by turning pre pressure control clockwise start measuring instrument and procedure WARNING Escaping aerosols can be toxic and pose a health hazard Residual air flows out of the device via the exhaus...

Page 8: ...system One single dilution stage VKL 10 has a dilution factor of 10 If a higher dilution factor is required several units may be connected in series Such a cascade connection permits for example the dilution of 2 liters of aerosol with only 72 liters of clean air by a factor of 10 000 The dilution factor of the VKL 100 depends on the volume flow rate of particle free air and varies between 150 and...

Page 9: ...ir flow rate is increased the flow speed within the annular nozzle increases correspondingly This causes according to Bernoulli s below the under pressure dP0 at the inlet nozzle to increase and the flow rate Van increases too Both flow rates are connected through the underpressure and equally depend on it Consequently the ratio of the flow rates remains constant for different pre pressures P Bern...

Page 10: ...ut of the mixing chamber for the measurement This is done via the outlet nozzle When taking a portion of the flow you must see to it that isokinetic conditions prevail Isokinetic conditions are given if at the suction location the flow velocity inside the nozzle corresponds to the velocity inside the flow channel Different nozzle diameters permit the adaptation of different outlet flow rates to di...

Page 11: ...ed reproducibly A filter guarantees sufficiently particle free air This particle free air flows through the annular nozzle and causes the sucking in of the aerosol to be diluted Via the outlet nozzle a portion of the diluted aerosol is isokinetically sucked out for further treatment The excess aerosol is conducted outside through the excess air outlet throttle filter pressurized air toggle switch ...

Page 12: ...of the pressure gauge the intake opening for the clean air filter can be recognized The above mentioned components as well as the throttle screw integrated into the cover serve the reproducible adjustment and the processing of the clean air which is used for the dilution of the aerosol The inlet nozzle through which the aerosol to be diluted is sucked in can be seen on the left of the picture the ...

Page 13: ...OPERATION MANUAL VKL 10 100 VERSION V005 06 2020 13 ...

Page 14: ... dilution factor W as a function of the pre pressure P are recorded in the table The diagram shows the dilution factor circles and the inlet flow rate dots as a function of the pre pressure The left ordinate gives the dilution factor while the right ordinate gives the inlet flow rate As already mentioned in section 4 1 the dilution system is a self sucking system In using table and diagram the sam...

Page 15: ...M5 winding at the bottom side can be used for fixing Via tube the inlet nozzle of the VKL is connected to the sampling probe at the duct In the same manner the inlet nozzle of the OPC is connected to the outlet nozzle of the VKL The excess air is disposed of if necessary by pushing a tube of 28 mm inner diameter onto the excess air tube connector and then inserting it into the excess air outlet of...

Page 16: ... pre pressure is to be set with all VKLs There are two ways how to cascade the dilution systems VKL 10 and VKL 100 1st version The VKL 100 is positioned upstream of the VKL 10 Advantage By taking the sample from the VKL 100 by the VKL 10 only a small error is caused due to the non isokinetic sampling conditions The flow velocity in the inlet nozzle of the VKL 10 is too high by only 10 Disadvantage...

Page 17: ...100 VERSION V005 06 2020 17 aerosol duct excess air pressurized air OPC Fig 6 1 Installation with dilution factor 10 OPC e x p r e s s a i r a e r o s o l d u c t pressurized air Fig 6 2 Installation with dilution factor 1000 ...

Page 18: ...eter to adapt isokinetically such partial volume flows that differ up to the factor of 2 5 There are various measuring instruments on the market with volume flows that vary from 0 3 l min to 28 l min In order to guarantee the isokinetic adaption within this wide range outlet nozzles with different diameters are available The standard jet has a diameter that guarantees isokinetic conditions when bo...

Page 19: ...smaller than 2 5 bar turn the control counterclockwise until it arrests before starting the VKL After starting the VKL set the desired pre pressure As mentioned under point 6 2 the isokinetic adaptation may be done within a given range by adjusting the prepressure Figure 6 3 graphically shows the relation between outlet flow rate and pre pressure for the delivered outlet nozzles The outlet flow ra...

Page 20: ...s described in detail in the publication see figure 1 with pressure P1 equations 5 and 6 figure 5 Equation 5 demonstrates that with increasing underpressure dP0 the impact of the pressure difference P1 P0 decreases Consequently higher pre pressures should possibly be used if the pressure conditions at the sampling point are unstable but remember the isokinetic conditions 6 4 2 Temperature Impact T...

Page 21: ...this is not the case the nozzle must be dismounted and must be cleaned for example in an ultrasonic bath or by cleaning it with a solvent To dismount the nozzle unscrew the two screws in the nozzle flange and pull out carefully the nozzle with O ring 1 and flange out of the casing To install the nozzle follow the reversed order IMPORTANT When re installing the nozzle the O ring must not be inbetwe...

Page 22: ...an be moved freely Then the complete cover can be lifted by making slight turns back and forth The throttle screw stays in the cover The mixing chamber and the inside of the cover can now be wiped off with a humid fluff free cloth and dried afterwards For re installment slightly grease the O ring 2 for the seal of the throttle drilling with vaseline first and insert it Then position the cover on t...

Page 23: ...ure particle concentration in the mixing chamber After operating for about 10 minutes the measured concentration should be less than 10 particles per liter If the resulting concentration is considerably higher we recommend to contact the manufacturer first 7 2 2 Filter Change If a filter change becomes necessary follow the below instructions completely unscrew filter screw counterclockwise take ou...

Page 24: ...ur dilution system has to be maintained ahead of schedule Function test of the VKL series in the laboratory with the simple test set up see figure 1 the dilution systems can be examined by everyone first in measurement 1 the particle concentration of the room air is measured afterwards the test system is connected between VKL 100 and the OPC see figure 2 and the measurement 2 is performed the dilu...

Page 25: ...fication µm Number Particle classification µm Number 0 2 151648 0 2 15166 0 3 71604 0 3 7290 0 5 4305 0 5 524 0 7 360 0 7 65 1 82 1 21 2 16 2 3 3 1 3 0 5 0 5 2 Sum 228016 Sum 23071 Table 1 Measurement 1 Table 2 Measurement 2 With a polydisperse aerosol which is not constant concerning the concentration e g laboratory air the respective number of total particles must be set in relationship when det...

Page 26: ... performed in coincidence in position 1 during measurement 1 or the test system must be maintained Calculation of the laboratory air concentration Formula 3 Calculation of the laboratory air concentration 100 min 28300 min 228016 3 cm particle Clabair 3 806 cm particle Clabair Please note This formula may be only used if by the measurement 2 it was clearly shown that the measurement 1 was coincide...

Page 27: ...ntal air is sucked in cleaning exchange filter flush or general overhaul at plant increase pre pressure dilution factor is not at nominal value over pressure or under pressure at the samplich oocation Humidity or temperature impacts inlet nozzle dirty absence of isokinetic conditions contact manufacturer cleaning take different outlet nozzle use correct pressure pressure gauge indicator not on zer...

Page 28: ...ists or cannot be resolved with the information from the following sections Palas GmbH Greschbachstr 3b 76229 Karlsruhe Germany Telephone 49 0 721 96 21 30 E mail support palas de Please indicate the serial number of the instrument within your support request 10 2FAQs Table with known questions Questions are currently being collected and will be listed in the next revision of this document 10 3Gen...

Page 29: ...5 l min standard nozzle 8 8 mm special nozzle 24 mm special nozzle 3 mm Outer diameter of nozzles for tube connection inlet nozzle standard outlet nozzle 28 outlet nozzle 8 8 mm 10 0 mm 14 0 mm Air connection fast coupling NG 8 Operating energy pressurized air Pmax8 bar flow rate up to 60 l min Dimensions L x H x W mm ready for operation with covers 245 x 100 x 100 mm 285 x 140 x 110 mm Weight 4 2...

Page 30: ... model VKL 27 13Transport packaging and storage 13 1 Packaging Please keep the original packaging so that if it should become necessary for service or recalibration you can use this packaging to send the unit back to Palas 13 2 Storage If the unit will not be used for a longer period the instrument should be cleaned Then the unit should be stored in a dry location 13 3 Transport When transporting ...

Page 31: ...inhaltung der Luft 48 1988 S 341 344 2 Helsper C Mölter W Haller P Representative Dilution of Aerosols by a Factor of 10 000 Journal of Aerosol Science 21 Supll 1 1990 P 637 640 3 Blattner J Prüf und Abnahmetests bei Sicherheitswerkbänken und Laminar flow Boxen Pharmazeutische Industrie 53 1991 Nr 4 S 397 400 4 Mölter W Helsper C Kaminski S Fast Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media Filt...

Page 32: ...stand yes no If no please give details here _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Was information missing for you yes no If yes please give details here ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Were you satisfied with the structure ...

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