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411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999

Grounding and Surge Protection

2-1

Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1

Scope 2-1
Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1
Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2
Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3
Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7
Regulatory Considerations 2-10

List of terms

3-1

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Summary of Contents for CTR 38 GHz

Page 1: ...Reunion CTR 38 GHz Sub Band 38 02P Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1 2 March 1999 411 1333 205 ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ghts reserved Printed in Canada NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same fo...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...z Installation Guide Publication history December 1998 Draft release of the document Information subject to change without notice March 1999 Preliminary release of the document Information subject to change without notice ...

Page 6: ...vi 411 1333 205 01 02 Preliminary March 1999 ...

Page 7: ...onstitute a Nortel Networks Reunion product line The associated products include the following types of cell site equipment broadband transmitters broadband receivers broadband repeaters broadband transceivers Audience The audience for this document are those who install and operate the CTR 38 Ghz To take full advantage of this guide you should have a basic understanding of microwave fundamentals ...

Page 8: ...eneral safety guidelines Installing the CTR 38 Ghz explains how to physically install the transceiver CTR 38 GHz Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure that the transceiver is operating correctly CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick troubleshooting guide Grounding and Surge Protection explains basic grounding and lightening protections requirements and metho...

Page 9: ...oor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1 2 411 1333 202 Reunion CTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1 2 411 1333 203 Reunion BTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1 2 411 1333 204 Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide Release 1 2 411 1333 205 Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Gu...

Page 10: ...pporttoensureyourserviceoperation is trouble free If you have questions or need technical support contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers In the USA and Canada call 972 BWA ETAS 972 292 3827 Fax 204 631 2475 Write Nortel Networks at Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access 14 Fultz Blvd Winnipeg Manitoba R3Y 1V3 Canada ...

Page 11: ...Resonance Oscillator DRO 1 6 Isolator 1 6 Bandpass Filter 1 6 Low Noise Amplifier 1 7 Power Amplifier 1 7 Duplexer 1 7 Antenna 1 7 Pre Installation 1 8 Prevention of Access 1 8 Unpacking Shipment 1 8 Reunion Safety Standards 1 9 Safety Disclaimer 1 9 General Safety 1 9 Electrical Safety 1 9 Installing the CTR 38 GHz 1 10 Mounting Bracket Assembly 1 10 Installing the Tower Equipment 1 11 Installing...

Page 12: ...tion 2 1 Grounding Lightning Protection 2 1 Scope 2 1 Grounding Methods Indoor Equipment 2 1 Wire Gauge Guidelines 2 2 Outdoor Equipment the need for surge lightning protection 2 3 Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2 7 Regulatory Considerations 2 10 List of terms 3 1 ...

Page 13: ...lding It features a small size and low noise characteristics The combination of digital modulation and low loss mounting results in an efficient and low cost installation It has a high stability reference oscillator The CTR 38 GHz features the following attributes light weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors solid state upconverter and downconverter designs high frequency stab...

Page 14: ... in a highly efficient compact and cost effective installation Minimum maintenance is required The high stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 18 VDC and transmit intermediate frequency IF signals The DC power supply and the IF signals are separated by the diplexer in ...

Page 15: ...ator signal to the mixer The LO uses a phase locked dielectric resonance oscillator DRO with an oven controlled crystal oscillator OCXO 4 The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals in both the transmit and receive paths 5 The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the required gain to the microwave signals The power amplifier output is connected to the an...

Page 16: ...over Flange Input VSWR 1 8 1 max 1 6 1 max Gain not including antenna 27 5 dB Gain over Temperature 2 0 dB 40 to 55 C Gain Flatness 1 5 dB over bandwidth Frequency Stability 2 ppm max 40 to 55 C RX RF Input IF Output Frequency Range 39 45 39 65 GHz 50 250 MHz Nominal Input Level 50 dBm Input Output Connector WR 28 N Type Female Output VSWR 1 6 1 max 1 6 1 max Gain not including antenna 39 5 dB Gai...

Page 17: ...38 40 GHz Gain 30 dB minimum TX RX wave polarity linear single pole Full Duplex one antenna Power Supply CTR Input Voltage 16 VDC 3A max diplexed with TX cable Input Current 3 Amp Input Power 48 Watts maximum Environmental CTR Humidity 100 condensing Operating Temperature base plate 40 to 55 C Storage Temperature Range 60 to 75 C Mechanical CTR Size Height x Diameter 15 19 x 12 4 Weight without br...

Page 18: ... microwave signals to the receive IF frequency band Dielectric Resonance Oscillator DRO The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a OCXO reference oscillator When the DRO is phase locked it provides a 13 133333 GHz microwave frequency stability derived from the reference crystal When the DRO is phase locked the phase locked voltage at the test port on the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 10 V...

Page 19: ... 95 GHz frequency range to the required level The amplifier is a solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output power range Duplexer The CTR 38 GHz uses the duplexer to combine and separate the transmit and receive RF signals allowing use of a common antenna for receiver and transmitter Antenna The CTR 38 GHz uses a reflector antenna to transmit and receive RF signals The CTR p...

Page 20: ...package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that all components are received 3 Check each package for signs of damage 4 Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of damage 5 Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment before removing them from the package 6 Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging 7 Save packing material for future use...

Page 21: ...works Broadband Wireless Access equipment follow these guidelines Keep your work site clean and free of clutter Wear close fitting clothing Remove jewelry such as rings bracelets or watches Where it is possible to dislodge small pieces wear eye protection Place equipment or cabinets on level surfaces Wear a safety belt when climbing a tower and installing equipment on a tower Work in pairs so that...

Page 22: ...equire the following tools to assemble the brackets i Allen Key ii two open ended wrenches or a wrench and a socket Steps i Bolt the two side supports onto either side of the U bracket support ii Align the holes in the U bracket with the holes in the base support Ensure that the flat surface of the base support is in the upward position while the curved concave surface faces downward iii Bolt the ...

Page 23: ...ly unit 2 Connect the IF power supply input cable to the CTR s N type IF IN 18 VDC port See Figures 1 4 and 1 5 3 Connect the RX cable from the CTR s N type IF OUT port to the NIU s RX port See Figures 1 4 and 1 5 4 Seal all connections using Coax Seal or equivalent cold shrink or hot shrink tubing 5 Ground all RF cables at the recommended spacing intervals Refer to tower and cable manufacturers s...

Page 24: ...ct power inserter unit s IF IN port N type connector to the NIU s IF OUT N type bulkhead connector as shown in Figure 1 2 4 Connect CTR 38 GHz IF PS cable to the CPI 9000 output PS IF port N type connector 5 Connect CTR 38 GHz RX cable to NIU IF IN N type bulkhead connector 6 Refer to Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide Release 1 2 411 1323 203 and the Network Engineering Pa...

Page 25: ...ble from 17V to 21 V depending on cable length and type 2 Connect CTR 38 GHz IF PS cable to the NIU 6054 s output PS IF port N type connector 3 Connect CTR 38 GHz RX cable to NIU N type bulkhead connector 4 RefertoReunionNIU6054NetworkInterfaceUnitInstallationGuide Release 1 1 411 1323 201 and the Network Engineering Package Figure 1 3 Block Diagram showing CTR 38 GHz indoor set up with NIU 6054 N...

Page 26: ...Hz Release 1 2 411 1333 205 01 02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1 4 The CTR 38 GHz Back View Showing Input and Output Points IF IN 18 VDC IF OUT Bracket Drainage Hole LO Test Port TX V Polarity Symbol Drainage Hole ...

Page 27: ...eunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide Figure 1 5 CTR 38 GHz Mounted to a Pole Back View U Bracket Support Drainage Hole Polarity Symbol Mounting Pole IFIN 18 VDC IF OUT LO Test Port Drainage Hole 6 threaded bolt Base Support Saddles ...

Page 28: ...1 16 CTR 38 GHz Release 1 2 411 1333 205 01 02 Preliminary March 1999 Figure 1 6 CTR 38 GHz Mounted on a Pole Side View CTR 38 GHz Connectors Antenna Module Mounting Pole 90 55 LO Test Port ...

Page 29: ...R 38 GHz Installation Guide Figure 1 7 Bracket Components Figure 1 8 Bracket Mounted on the Pole Base Support Bolts 6 threaded U Bracket Support Side Support Saddles for pole mounting Base Support Bolts U Bracket Support Side Support Saddle ...

Page 30: ... mounted to a Pole Figure 1 10 CTR 38 GHz with Connectors IF IN 18 VDC IF OUT LO Test Port Base Support Bolt U Bracket Support Side Support Saddle Note This is a previous model of the CTR however it shows bracket assembly IFOut LO Test Port IF In 18 VDC U Bracket Support Drainage Hole ...

Page 31: ...z Installation Guide Figure 1 11 CTR 38 GHz Angled View with Bracket Figure 1 12 CTR 38 GHz Bottom View with Bracket Drainage Holes IF Out LO Test Port IF In 18 VDC U Bracket Support Drainage Hole IF Out LO Test Port IF In 18 VDC U Bracket Support ...

Page 32: ...osen Verify that equipment is secure and properly mounted If the bolts or fasteners are loose tighten them carefully Use lock and spring washers 2 Check to ensure that all connections between the transceiver and antenna remain watertight If water enters the waveguide or coaxial connections it can cause attenuation of the microwave signals If water is detected call Nortel Networks Broadband Wireles...

Page 33: ...eck cable connectors d Check antenna for blockage e g guano No power a check main fuse power b check cable connections If you detect any problem during the electrical and mechanical checks contact Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access so that action can be taken to rectify the problem Caution Warranty void if seal is opened This means do not attempt to remove cover Caution Warranty void if CTR...

Page 34: ...1 22 CTR 38 GHz Release 1 2 411 1333 205 01 02 Preliminary March 1999 ...

Page 35: ...sing a pole mount Further Nortel Networks assumes building electrical systems comply with the appropriate national and local regulations Grounding Methods Indoor Equipment Components of a communications system can be grounded together using an isolatedbondingnetwork IBN The IBNcanbe configuredin severaldifferent ways 1 Mesh 2 Mesh IBN with bonding mat 3 Star or sparse mesh In turn the IBN is bonde...

Page 36: ...s All main bonding conductors in the equipment room shall be No 2 AWG or larger copper wires Other bonding conductors All other bonding conductors in the room including bonding individual frames cabinets to the collector cable supplementary conductor or BPG bonding conductors of other metallic objects such as cable trays and building utility equipment are No 6 AWG or larger insulated copper conduc...

Page 37: ...n general all exposed metallic equipment must be grounded Besides the need for lightning protection it is desirable to conduct induced current to ground through as low a resistance as possible along as short a path as possible In practice this means multiple ground connections and multiple conductors Figure 2 2 shows a typical rooftop installation of Reunion customer premise equipment Figure 2 3 s...

Page 38: ...ers 98 ft the cable shall be bonded at 30 meter intervals The size of the bonding conductor shall be 6 AWG or larger Mount the radio in an area protected from lightning strikes If local conditions require an air terminal install it in accordance with ANSI NFPA 780 The air terminals are shown schematically in Figures 1 2 and 1 3 The air terminal lightning rod if used is at least 1 meter 3 3 ft abov...

Page 39: ... Equipment NOTE The outer coaxial cable conductor is bonded grounded at the building entrance and at the customer premise transceiver CTR Surge arrestors Lightning rod Building entrance Grounding plate to common bonding network to common bonding network 2 m 30 cm 6 6 1 0 ft Steel pipe mount 6 4 cm 2 5 in 1 m 3 3 ft CTR ...

Page 40: ...f the coaxial cable is grounded at the building ground s entrance and at the BTR On the building side the RPE comes equipped with surge arrestors Lightning rod to common bonding network 2 m 30 cm 6 6 1 0 ft Steel pipe mount 6 4 cm 2 5 in 1 m 3 3 ft BTR BTR Building entrance Grounding plate to common bonding network RPE Surge arrestors Surge arrestors Redundant radios ...

Page 41: ...al A0297956 onto the grounding wire 3 Install the existing bolt flat washer new internal tooth washer and the complete ground cable as shown in Figure 2 4 Use the following method to install the kit on the RPE referring to Figure 2 4 1 Remove the 1 4 mounting bolt and split lock washer as shown in Figure 2 4 2 Crimp the 1 4 terminal A0315080 onto the grounding wire 3 Install the original mounting ...

Page 42: ...part no Description CPC no 1 5 LCA6 38 1 4 Stainless steel internal tooth lock washer Spaenaur TBD 2 1 LCA6 14 6 AWG 1 4 compression terminal Burndy for CTR A0315080 3 3 1 4 stainless steel flat washer P0883797 4 1 1 4 x 1 Stainless steel hex head bolt P0888501 5 2 MS35649 2254 1 4 Stainless steel nut P0860421 Internal tooth lock washer Existing flat washer Existing Hex head capscrew Cable not pro...

Page 43: ...asher stainless steel flatwasher and the 1 4 nut onto the assembly installed in Step 1 3 Repeatedly tighten and loosen the fastener assembly rotating the internal tooth lock washer until the powder coating is scraped off and the bare metal is exposed Repeat this procedure if required 4 Discard the internal tooth washer used to remove the powder coating 5 Using new stainless steel internal tooth wa...

Page 44: ...IEEE ANSI C62 41 4 Bellcore GR 1089 CORE 5 ANSI NFPA 780 Lightning Protection Code Grounding 1 CCITT Rec K 27 2 Corporate Standard 4122 Grounding of Communication Systems It is assumed that building construction complies with NEC Article 250 US or CEC Section 10 Canada In the US the recommended ground resistance is 5 ohms and the maximum for a single electrode is 25 ohms ...

Page 45: ...Gauge DBMS Digital Broadband Microwave System DC Direct Current DRO Dielectric Resonance Oscillator Earthing Another term for grounding used by safety agencies Earthing is the term often seen in safety standards EIA Electronic Industries Association ESD Electrostatic Discharge FCC Federal Communications Commission IBN Isolated Bonding Network ...

Page 46: ...O Local Oscillator LNA Low Noise Amplifier LNB Low Noise Block Downconverter MHz MegaHertz one million hertz or cycles per second NIU Network Interface Unit OCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator PA Power Amplifier PI Power Inserter PS Power Supply QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation which entails modulating frequency RF Radio Frequency RMM Radio Modem Module ...

Page 47: ...List of terms 3 3 Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide SPG Single Point Ground VAC Voltage Alternating Current VDC Voltage Direct Current Volts Direct Current VHF Very High Frequency ...

Page 48: ...3 4 List of terms 411 1333 205 01 02 Preliminary March 1999 ...

Page 49: ...Family Product Manual Contacts Copyright Confidentiality Legal statements DocInfo ...

Page 50: ...is document is the property of Northern Telecom Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation operation and maintenance purposes only Information is subject to change without...

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