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Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier

Maxtor MaXLine II 250/300GB

A-6

Appendix A:

Terminology

•

BIOS

:

 (an acronym for Basic Input/Output System design):

 

The BIOS processes and redirects all data as it is being 

accessed and stored. 

•

FAT

:

 (an acronym for File Allocation Table):

 

The FAT tells the 

computer where data has been stored on the hard drive. 

•

CHS

:

 (an acronym for Cylinders, Heads, and Sectors):

 

The 

basic layout components of a hard drive. INT 13h & INT 13h 

extensions: protocols used for accessing data on hard drives.

Appendix B:

Big Numbers

• 131 kilobytes = 131,000 bytes

a little more than 30 pages of text

• 33 megabytes = 33,000,000 bytes

more than 8,000 pages of text or 25 300-page books 

• 137 gigabytes = 137,000,000,000 bytes

more than 100,000 books, or the contents of a good library 

• 2.2 terabytes =  2,200,000,000,000 bytes

almost 2,000,000 books, or the about content of the Library of 

Congress 

• 144 petabytes =  144,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

120 billion books 

– 

(more than all that man has written)

 

• 9.4 zettabytes =  9,400,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

Appendix C:

Resources

• Maxtor “Big Drive” web site for resource information:

http://www.maxtor.com/bigdrive

• ATA/ATAPI-6

:

 

http://www.T13.org

Summary of Contents for MaXLine II 250

Page 1: ...Maxtor MaXLine II 250 300GB Product Manual January 2 2004 Part Number 1904 ...

Page 2: ...s without incurring any obligation to incorporate such changes or improvements into units previously sold or shipped This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licences restrict ing its use copying distributing and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Maxtor and its licensor...

Page 3: ... Maxtor shipping container IMMEDIATELY secure the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis Otherwise store the drive on a padded grounded antistatic surface 5 NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive s connector NEVER connect a live bus to the drive s inter face connector 6 ELECTRICAL GROUNDING For proper operation the drive must...

Page 4: ...iguration 2 6 2 7 Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description 2 7 Chapter 3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS 3 1 Models and Capacities 3 1 3 2 Drive Configuration 3 2 3 3 Performance Specifications 3 3 3 4 Physical Dimensions 3 3 3 5 Power Requirements 3 5 3 6 Power Mode Definitions 3 5 3 7 EPA Energy Star Compliance 3 5 3 8 Environmental Limits 3 6 3 9 Shock and Vibration TBD 3 7 3 10 Reliability Specifications...

Page 5: ...AL INTERFACE 5 1 5 3 1 ATA Bus Interface 5 1 5 4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECODING 5 2 5 5 COMMAND INTERFACE 5 2 5 5 1 General Feature Set 5 2 5 5 2 Supported Commands 5 2 Chapter 6 SERVICE AND SUPPORT 6 1 Product Support Technical Assistance Customer Service 6 1 Appendix A BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER A 1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier A 1 A 1 1 History A 1 A 1 2 Solving the 137 G...

Page 6: ...e II 250 300GB List of Figures Figure 2 1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration 2 7 Figure 3 1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions 3 4 Figure 4 1 Single Pack Shipping Container 4 3 Figure 4 2 20 Pack Shipping Container 4 4 ...

Page 7: ...rovides a variety of customer support options all designed to make sure the user gets fast helpful accurate information to help resolve any difficulties These options include a broad searchable knowledge base of FAQ s product manuals installation guides information on previously resolved problems software downloads and contact by phone or E mail with a support person For more information visit www...

Page 8: ...iation Description Abbreviation Description ATA AT attachment MB megabyte bpi bits per inch Mbits sec megabits per second CHS cylinder head sector MB sec megabytes per second db decibels MHz megahertz DA double amplitude represents pk pk shaker displacement ms millisecond dBA decibels A weighted MSB most significant bit DMA direct memory access mV millivolts ECC error correction code ns nanosecond...

Page 9: ...w active A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is above ViH A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active A high active signal is true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL When a signal is asserted it means the signal is driven by an active cir cuit to its true state When a signal is negated it means the signal is driv...

Page 10: ...lications requiring large storage capacity 2 2 Key Features ANSI ATA 5 6 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface Enhanced IDE Supports ATA 6 UltraDMA Mode 5 100 MBytes sec and Maxtor Ultra ATA 133 MBytes second data transfer rates Supports 48 bit addressing 2 MB buffer with multi adaptive cache manager 5400 RPM spin speed 10 ms seek time Zone density and ID less recording Outstanding shock resistance at 30...

Page 11: ...f data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest Read Write Multiple Mode This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA ATAPI 6 specification Read Write Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them reducing transfer process overhead and improving host performance UltraDMA Mode 5 Maxtor hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protoc...

Page 12: ...er of Heads HSPT Host Sectors per Track The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity If it does not the LBA is converted to physical drive cylinder head and sector values The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk and for other drive related operations Defect Management Zone DMZ Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive all of which are lo...

Page 13: ... a read request is received during the read ahead operation the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache If a cache hit occurs read ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately Automatic Write Reallocation AWR This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations If a disk error occurs ...

Page 14: ...sembly near the read write heads provides up to eight head selection depending on the model It also provides read pre amplification and write drive circuitry Read Write Heads and Media Low mass low force giant magneto resistive read write heads record data on 3 5 inch diameter disks Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for Maxtor hard drives Air Filtration System All Maxtor hard d...

Page 15: ... be executed this depends on the type of command and which drive is selected Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I O reads the drive not selected remains inactive A master slave relationship exists between the two drives device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave When the Master is closed factory default figure 2 1 the drive assumes the ro...

Page 16: ...rted when J45 J46 is closed will be as follows drives less than or equal to 32GB will report 2 1GB Drives greater than 32GB will report 32GB JUMPER CONFIGURATION J49 J50 J47 J48 J45 J46 J43 J44 J41 J42 Master Slave Only drive in single drive system Master drive in dual drive system Slave drive in dual drive system C C O Cable Select Disabled Enabled O C Cylinder Limitation Disabled Enabled O C Fac...

Page 17: ...our system to break this barrier by installing a Maxtor PCI card kit Maxtor p n K01PCAT133 You may also be able to upgrade your system by downloading new BIOS and or Drivers Please visit our website www maxtor com bigdrive for more information and links to diagnostic and upgrade software For more information on breaking the 137GB capacity barrier please refer to Appendix A MODELS 5A250J0 5A300J0 F...

Page 18: ...or Ultra ATA 133 ATA 5 ATA 6 Recording Method PRML Servo Type Embedded Number of Servo Sectors 256 Data Zones per Surface 16 Data Sectors per Track ID OD 581 1126 Areal Density Gbits in2 max ID OD 61 5 53 80 160 disk configuration Flux Density kfci ID OD 673 574 80 160 disk configuration Recording Density kbpi ID OD 646 550 80 160 disk configuration Track Density K TPI 93 ...

Page 19: ...otation Speed RPM 0 1 5400 Data Transfer Speed MByte sec max To From Interface Maxtor Ultra ATA 133 up to 133 To From Media OD ID up to nn n where nn n is the maximum transfer rate possible 336Mbits sec OD 192Mbits sec ID Sustained ID OD up to nn n where nn n is the maximum transfer rate possible 24 42 Data Buffer Size MB Type 2 SDRAM Drive Ready Time typical sec 8 6 PARAMETER VALUE Height maximum...

Page 20: ...Product Specifications Maxtor MaXLine II 250 300GB 3 4 Figure 3 1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions Weight maximum in grams 610 grams PARAMETER VALUE ...

Page 21: ...ot spinning The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires disk access The time out value for this mode is programmable The buffer is active to accept write data Sleep This is the lowest power state with the interface set to inactive A software or hardware reset is required to return the drive to the Standby state 3 7 EPA Energy Star Compliance Maxtor Corporation supports t...

Page 22: ...ne activity according to the SMART specification and or atmospheric conditions PARAMETER OPERATING NON OPERATING STORAGE Temperature 5 C to 55 C with no ARR impact 0 C to 60 C margin demonstrated1 low temperature 40 C high temperature 71 C per MIL STD 810E method 501 3 climatic category hot induced conditions Thermal Gradient 30 C per hour maximum Relative Humidity 5 to 95 non condensing Wet Bulb ...

Page 23: ...al Shock R 0 988 2000 rad sec2 R 0 95 20K rad sec2 0 5ms to 1ms input R 0 99 15K rad sec2 0 5ms to 1ms input Rotational Random Vibration 5 2000 Hz 4 51 rad sec2 RMS Overall 2 300 Hz 96 5 rad sec2 RMS Random Vibration 5 2000 Hz 0 45 GRMS PSD 7 800 Hz at 3 08 GRMS No Damage Swept Sine Vibration 0 25 octave minute peak amplitude 5 1500Hz Frequency Hz Acceleration Gpk 5 0 38 DA 8 8 0 38 DA 9 1 500 90 ...

Page 24: ...sk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules 47CFR15 or the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations Although not required the disk mechanism has been tested within a suitable end use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulat...

Page 25: ...meriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte pa le ministere des communications du Canada 3 12 Safety Regulatory Compliance All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE CUL TUV and UL rules and regulations As delivered Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used ...

Page 26: ... by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive s connector NEVER connect a live connector to the hard drive s IDE interface connector ELECTRICAL GROUNDING For proper operation the drive must be securely fastened to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate 4 2 Electrostatic Discharge ESD To better avoid problems associated with ESD Maxtor advi...

Page 27: ...er 3651 Walnut Avenue St Paul MN 55144 Chino CA 91710 Phone 909 627 8178 Fax 909 627 7449 www charleswater com Maxtor also offers a complete video training package Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives Contact your Maxtor representative for details 4 3 Unpacking and Inspection Retain any packing material for reuse Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit Notify the carrie...

Page 28: ...Handling and Installation Maxtor MaXLine II 250 300GB 4 3 Figure 4 1 Single Pack Shipping Container ...

Page 29: ...ndling and Installation Maxtor MaXLine II 250 300GB 4 4 Figure 4 2 20 Pack Shipping Container 20 pack cover 20 pack tray Product in sealed static shielding bag BC label facing up Sleeve Carton Carton tape ...

Page 30: ...ncluding the antistatic bag 4 5 Physical Installation The detailed installation instructions for Maxtor hard drives are provided in the Installation Guide To obtain a copy of the Installation Guide please visit Maxtor s web site at www maxtor com and select the product family to view or download the correct installation information for this product ...

Page 31: ...power connections as well as configuration jumpers The dimensions and specifications of the unitized connector comply with Annex A in the ATA ATAPI standard The MaXLine II drives require the use of an 80 conductor cable ATA ATAPI 6 Annex A Figure A 4 and description to support the drive s Ultra DMA capability 5 3 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE 5 3 1 ATA Bus Interface 5 3 1 1 Electrical Characteristics Signa...

Page 32: ...NTERFACE 5 5 1 General Feature Set The µProcessor Disk Controller and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor 5 5 2 Supported Commands The MaXLine II hard disk drives support all the mandatory commands from the general feature set for devices not supporting the Packet command feature set Refer to the ATA ATAPI 6 standard for a detailed description of these...

Page 33: ...FY SECTOR S 40h 41h SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6h SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3h SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4h SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5H SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1h SECURITY UNLOCK F2h SEEK 70h SET FEATURES EFh Note 1 SET MAX ADDRESS F9h 00h SET MAX SET PASSWORD F9h 01h SET MAX LOCK F9h 02h SET MAX UNLOCK F9h 03h SET MAX FREEZE LOCK F9h 04h SET MULTIPLE MODE C6h SLEEP 99h E6h Table 5 1 Supported Commands Comma...

Page 34: ... AUTOSAVE B0h D2h SMART EXECUTE OFF LINE IMMEDIATE B0h D4h SMART READ DATA B0h D0h SMART READ LOG B0h D5h SMART RETURN STATUS B0h DAh SMART SAVE ATTRIBUTE VALUES B0h D3h SMART WRITE LOG B0h D6h STANDBY 96h E2h STANDBY IMMEDIATE 94h E0h WRITE BUFFER E8h WRITE DMA CAh CBh WRITE MULTIPLE C5h WRITE PIO OVERLAP 34h WRITE SECTOR S 30h 31h Table 5 1 Supported Commands Command Command Code Feature Registe...

Page 35: ...Chapter 6 SERVICE AND SUPPORT 6 1 Product Support Technical Assistance Customer Service For Product Service and Support Information please visit our site at www maxtor com for warranty service or www maxtorkb com for technical support ...

Page 36: ...es per drive These drives will be available in the second half of 2001 Later in the same year capacity will continue to grow to 60 gigabytes per platter and a three disk 180 gigabyte device will be available and shipping The ANSI NCITS T13 Technical Committee also known as the ANSI ATA committee has broken this barrier by incorporating a proposal from Maxtor into the ATA ATAPI 6 draft standard tha...

Page 37: ... in size beyond a certain point where the bugs would occur Past barriers often frustrated people trying to add a new hard disk to an older system when they discovered that not all of the designed capacity of the hard disk was accessible This inability to access the entire drive is referred to as a capacity barrier and it has been seen and overcome many times in the computer and disk drive industry...

Page 38: ...OS Win95A Win 3 x Win98 Win95 osr2 Win2000 WinME WinXP 10 megabytes early PC XT limit 16 megabytes FAT 12 limit 32 megabytes DOS 3 x limit 128 megabytes DOS 4 x limit 528 megabytes Early ATA BIOSs without BIOS extensions 2 1 gigabytes DOS file system partition limit 4 2 gigabytes CMOS extended CHS addressing limit not widely experienced 8 4 gigabytes BIOS Int13 24 bit addressing limit 32 gigabytes...

Page 39: ...re set have been defined so that devices can implement the new feature set in addition to previously defined commands Devices implementing the 48 bit Address feature set commands will also implement commands that use 28 bit addressing in order to maintain interoperability with older system components In addition 8 bit and 48 bit commands may be intermixed The 48 bit Address feature set operates in...

Page 40: ...S from the hard drive Independent software driver efforts for legacy operating systems Windows NT 4 Windows 98 and so on will need to be implemented to allow higher capacity devices to work on installed systems and recognize the maximum available capacity of the drive over the 137 gigabyte limit A 1 6 What is the Next Barrier While it is true that the ATA ATAPI 6 standard defines a method to provi...

Page 41: ...essing data on hard drives Appendix B Big Numbers 131 kilobytes 131 000 bytes a little more than 30 pages of text 33 megabytes 33 000 000 bytes more than 8 000 pages of text or 25 300 page books 137 gigabytes 137 000 000 000 bytes more than 100 000 books or the contents of a good library 2 2 terabytes 2 200 000 000 000 bytes almost 2 000 000 books or the about content of the Library of Congress 14...

Page 42: ...es to complete a large number of random seeks all over the disk by the number of seeks performed B BACKUP A copy of a file directory or volume on a separate storage device from the original for the purpose of retrieval in case the original is accidentally erased damaged or destroyed BAD BLOCK A block usually the size of a sector that cannot reliably hold data because of a media flaw or damaged for...

Page 43: ...nit The microprocessor chip that performs the bulk of data processing in a computer CRC Acronym for Cyclic Redundancy Check An error detection code that is recorded within each sector and is used to see whether parts of a string of data are missing or erroneous CYLINDER On a disk drive that has more than one recording surface and heads that move to various tracks the group of all tracks located at...

Page 44: ...omputer system enclosure with its own power supply and fan and connected to the system by a cable F FAT Acronym for file allocation table A data table stored on the outer edge of a disk that tells the operating system which sectors are allocated to each file and in what order FCI Acronym for flux changes per inch See also BPI FILE SERVER A computer that provides network stations with controlled ac...

Page 45: ...onventions typically a drive of 1 gigabytes or more HIGH LEVEL FORMATTING Formatting performed by the operating system s format program Among other things the formatting program creates the root directory and file allocation tables See also low level formatting HOME Reference position track for recalibration of the actuator usually the outer track track 0 HOST ADAPTER A plug in board that forms th...

Page 46: ... to adapt to the system drive tables LOOK AHEAD The technique of buffering data into cache RAM by reading subsequent blocks in advance to anticipate the next request for data The look ahead technique speeds up disk access of sequential blocks of data LOW LEVEL FORMATTING Formatting that creates the sectors on the platter surfaces so the operating system can access the required areas for generating...

Page 47: ... iron or other metal oxides and the term has become a general one for the magnetic coating on tape or disk P PARTITION A portion of a hard disk devoted to a particular operating system and accessed as one logical volume by the system PERFORMANCE A measure of the speed of the drive during normal operation Factors affecting performance are seek times transfer rate and command overhead PERIPHERAL A d...

Page 48: ...ta on to the system READ WRITE HEAD The tiny electromagnetic coil and metal pole piece used to create and read back the magnetic patterns write or read information on the disk Each side of each platter has its own read write head REMOVABLE DISK Generally said of disk drives where the disk itself is meant to be removed and in particular of hard disks using disks mounted in cartridges Their advantag...

Page 49: ...a vacuum chamber and the coating is vaporized and deposited on the disks The resulting surface is hard smooth and capable of storing data at high density Maxtor disk drives use sputtered thin film disks STEPPER A type of motor that moves in discrete amounts for each input electrical pulse Stepper motors used to be widely used for read write head positioner since they can be geared to move the head...

Page 50: ...formation After formatting user data can be stored on the remaining disk space known as formatted capacity The size of a Maxtor drive is expressed in formatted capacity V VOICE COIL A type of motor used to move the disk read write head in and out to the right track Voice coil actuators work like loudspeakers with the force of a magnetic coil causing a proportionate movement of the head Maxtor s ac...

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