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KeyStudio User Guide
Program Change
Program changes are used to change the instrument or voice you are controlling with your KeyStudio Program change
messages can be beneficial when using the KeyStudio keyboard to control MIDI sound modules or synthesizers. Some music
software applications support these messages, however, others do not. Check your software’s User Guide to find out if it can
process program change messages
In this example, we will demonstrate how to change the instrument on a General MIDI sound module to a cello sound. To do
this we need to send a program change of 42, which will select a cello sound from the General MIDI Instruments standard list
(see Appendix A). There are two methods to send the program change:
1) Increment/Decrement Program Change:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above F1 (F#1). Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change the program.
2) Quick Select Program Change
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above F4 (F#4), representing “program.”
3. Press keys D4, then B3, then C5. This enters the combination: “4,” “2,” “ENTER.”
Now the keyboard is set to play the GM cello sound 42 (from the General MIDI Instruments standard list). The full list of
General MIDI program numbers is given in Appendix A at the end of this manual.
Method 1 is useful if you want to cycle through different instruments for the purpose of comparing and choosing which sound
works best in your song Method 2 is more useful if you want to select a specific sound patch, as is the case here
If the Octave “<” and “>” buttons have been assigned to control the program number (Method 1), the lights above the
buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a program with a negative value. Pressing both the “<” and “>”
buttons together will recall Program 0, which selects the first sound patch on any synthesizer capable of processing MIDI
program changes
Bank LSB and Bank MSB
Program changes are the most commonly used messages to change instruments and voices However, the number of
instruments accessible using only the program change MIDI command is limited to 128. Since some devices have more than
128 voices, they require a method to organize their large number of sounds into banks These devices then access the sounds
within these banks by using program change messages. See chapter “MIDI Messages Explained” for additional information.
Generally, these devices use Bank LSB (Least Significant Byte) and Bank MSB (Most Significant Byte) change messages.
KeyStudio can send these bank change messages in two possible ways:
1) Incremental/Decremental Bank LSB and Bank MSB Change:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above G1 (G#1) or Bb1 (A#1), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively. Now the
Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change Bank LSB or Bank MSB.
2) Using the Quick Select Method:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above G4 (G#4), or Bb4 (A#4), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively.
3. Press the white keys associated with the bank number you wish to select, and then press C5 (Enter). For example,
pressing the C4 (the number 3), A3 (the number 1), and C5 (Enter) keys in this step selects bank 31.
