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Lorentz PS1200, Instructions For Installation Operation Service

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These tests are extremely helpful when trying
to assess the performance of a system, or
locate a fault. These procedures will help you
to fill out the Problem Report (Section 9.5).

Obtaining and using a multimeter

     Refer

to Section 13.7, and to your meter’s instruc-
tion manual.

 

Measuring current (amps) is

easiest if you have a clamp-on ammeter, as
shown in photos 2A, 4A and 6A.

Probe input

    Some meters give a choice of

probe sockets. The negative (black) probe
ALWAYS goes in the “COM” (common)
socket. The + (red) probe input varies, and is
specified below.

9.6

Electrical Testing Illustrated

WARNING
These tests pose
potential shock
and burn hazards.
Follow appropri-
ate safety precau-
tions.

WARNING   To
measure voltage,
put the + probe in
the VOLTS socket
on the meter. If it
is in an AMPS
socket, attempting
a voltage reading
will cause a short
circuit and
potential damage.

Range

   If your meter is “auto-ranging”, this

does not apply. Otherwise, use the  range
than the reading you expect. For example, in
Test #1, “normal” voltage is around 80. The
proper range may be 100V or 200V, depend-
ing on your meter design.

Access

  Open the junction box for access to

the terminals. The appearance of your wiring
may vary.

Part 1 – Testing the Solar Array (DC)

REFER TO THE NUMBERED PHOTOS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE

This test refers to a 48V solar array with a PS600 pump set. Your system voltage
may vary from that

*)

Test 4 or 4A

 – The current is determined

by both the array AND the load (current
draw of the pump system). If the pump is
not under full load (like in a bucket), the
current may be as little as 1 amp.

BATTERY SYSTEMS  Perform tests #
1, 3 and 4 (4A), as above. 

Normal result

for #1 should equal the battery voltage,
typically 44-58V  Normal result for #3 is
slightly lower, not more than 2V lower.

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Summary of Contents for PS1200

Page 1: ...S1800 INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION OPERATION SERVICE Bernt Lorentz GmbH Co KG Heidekoppel 16 D 24558 Henstedt Ulzburg Germany Tel 49 4193 7548 0 Fax 49 4193 7548 29 www lorentz de release 07 08 05 SOLAR WATER PUMP SYSTEMS ...

Page 2: ...ased Systems 27 5 12 Pressurizing Systems 28 6 PREPARING TO INSTALLTHE PUMP 30 6 1 WARNINGS about Handling Helical Rotor Pumps 30 6 2 Drop Pipe 31 6 2 Safety Rope and Binding 32 6 4 Installation in a Surface Water Source 33 6 5 Deep Well Setting How Deep 34 6 6 Coping with Dirty Water Conditions 34 6 7 Utilizing a Low Production Water Source 35 6 8 Installing the Pump Under a Windmill or Hand Pump...

Page 3: ...ERA TURESPECIFI CATIONS 55 13 REFERENCESECTION 56 13 1 Principles of Operation 56 13 2 Water Pipe Sizing Chart 58 13 3 Wellhead Assemblies for Drilled Wells 59 13 4 Water Storage for Solar Water Pumps 60 13 5 Monitoring a Solar Pump System 61 13 6 Freeze Protection for Solar Water Pumps 61 13 7 Selecting and Using Meters for Electrical Testing 62 13 8 Measuring Solar Energy Intensity 62 13 9 Gloss...

Page 4: ... not touch the controller input or pump wires together to test for a spark Do not run the pump dry Exception to test direction of rotation for maximum 15 seconds See Section 5 8 Test the direction of motor rotation before installing the pump counter clockwise looking down If direction is reversed exchange the connection of any two of the three power wires to the pump See Section 5 8 When pump is s...

Page 5: ...e Helical rotor pumps without C in the model number work optimally only in a specific temperature range Last digit of Pump End Model indicates temperature class If a special temperature range was not specified the last digit of model number X will be 1 Class 0 32 F to 54 F 0 C to 12 C Class 1 46 F to 72 F 8 C to 22 C Class 1 is the standard class Class 2 64 F to 90 F 18 C to 32 C Class 3 82 F to 1...

Page 6: ... level m ft Drop Pipe vertical from the pump Size mm2 inch Type Length m ft Additional Pipe Length to tank Size mm2 inch Type Length m ft Submersible Pump Cable Wire size mm2 AWG Total Length controller to pump m ft MAX RPM CONTROL See Section 5 6 Factory setting is Maximum If this setting was reduced enter setting here System Report Form continued yes no ...

Page 7: ...ord this data This will help you to assess its performance and diagnose any problems that may occur in the future Flow rate observed US Gal min lpm Notes AC current through any one pump wire Amps See Section 13 7 If these measurements were not taken at full vertical lift note here ...

Page 8: ...y warm check the tempera ture range specifications Section 12 If you think you may have the wrong pump for your application call your supplier immediately Please fill in the SYSTEM REPORT This will be essential information if any problems occur This manual covers two types of systems battery and solar direct If you purchased the Pump to connect to a battery system you can skip the sections about t...

Page 9: ... The water pipe is all under ground Courtesy of Dankoff Solar Products NM USA This PV array was assembled and wired on the ground then lifted with a crane Courtesy of Dankoff Solar Products NM USA PS600 HR04 300Wp system in Colorado USA installed by students in a solar pumping class The drop pipe is 0 75 polyethylene Hand installation requires caution and is not always recommended see Section 7 3 ...

Page 10: ...outdoor rated The wire is looped to help it to shed water and to flex Wires enter the conduit through a weather head Courtesy of Dankoff Solar Products NM USA Owners of a domestic water system watch as the pump fills their polyethylene storage tank The tank was buried later Photo courtesy of Dankoff Solar Products NM USA ...

Page 11: ...re obstructions nearby It is available directly from Solar Pathfinder USA tel 317 501 2529 fax 931 590 5400 www solarpathfinder com Place the bottom edge of the array at least 2 feet 6 m above ground to clear rain spatter growing vegetation and snow Keep in mind that trees and perennial plants will grow taller in the coming years There are two ways to install the solar array 1 Assemble the array o...

Page 12: ...e for the following latitudes 1 U S A 25 to 55 shown here 2 Northern 50 N to 70 N 3 Equatorial 20 N to 20 S 4 Southern 10 S to 40 S To obtain reproduction rights contact John Veltman PO Box 23533 Santa Fe NM 87502 USA For the USA lower 48 states and other 25 to 55 North latitude regions Find True South quickly and accurately using only your shadow No magnetic compass needed For full performance yo...

Page 13: ...three options to chose from Select one of these options for seasonal management 1 Year round compromise no seasonal adjustment Set the angle equal to the latitude of the location and forget it This is practical because people often forget to adjust the array The performance displayed in the System Sizing Table is based on this fixed compromise setting of the tilt angle 2 Seasonally adjusted It is ...

Page 14: ...y Junction Box optionally A pre wired junction box is available for your system The junction box terminals will handle pump wires as large as 6 13 sq mm If large wires cannot be accommodated easily in the box you can join them to smaller wires in the junction box 12 4 sq mm or larger is acceptable for this very short length Do NOT remove terminal screws If the key to the junction box gets lost it ...

Page 15: ... to the controller enclosure and continue down to the ground rod Flat braid is flexible and eliminates the need for terminal lugs slotted strut Unistrut or equivalent cut to the width of the box conduit clamp to fit slotted strut hose clamp Conduit holes 3 holes for 3 4 conduit 28mm 1 hole for 1 1 4 conduit 45mm Holes are in a removable plate that can be reversed Rubber plugs are included for unus...

Page 16: ...r more copper plated ground rods at least 8 feet 2 5m long preferably in moist earth Where the ground gets very dry poorly conductive install more than one rod spaced at least 10 feet 3m apart 4 If the soil is rocky and doesn t allow ground rods to be driven bury BARE copper wire in a trench at least 100 feet 30m long If a trench is to be dug for burial of water pipes ground wire can be run along ...

Page 17: ...s This reduces the probabil ity of damage This method is employed in telephone cable and in many other applica tions Some power cables are made with twisted conductors To twist wires yourself you can alternate the direction of the twist about every 30 feet 10 m This makes the job much easier Float switch cable A long run of control cable to a float switch in the storage tank can pick up damaging s...

Page 18: ... terminals in the module junction boxes can be confusing Refer to the module manufacturer s instruc tions that are packed with the modules Make strong connections that will hold for many years Most array failures are caused by loose corroded or shorted connections Type of wire Use either electrical conduit or outdoor UV resistant wire The solar array has a life expectancy beyond twenty years Don t...

Page 19: ...NOT required in the solar array circuit Explanation 1 Short circuit current from the solar array can never reach the ampacity maximum safe amps capacity of the recommended wire 2 The PS controller has internal overload protection Disconnect Scwitch The disconnect switch satisfies National Electrical Code requirements for a safety disconnect between the solar array and the controller During install...

Page 20: ...prevent proper operation CAUTION If you are not using a low water probe connect a small wire between terminals 1 and 2 System Diagram For solar direct systems refer to the System Diagram at the end of this manual Ground connections The two ground terminals in the junction box are bonded together and are also bonded to the metallic enclosures of both the junction box and the controller See Section ...

Page 21: ...ation system or an undersized pipeline How to reset the Maximum RPM setting CAUTION If you perform this adjustment record the setting on the System Report Form Section 2 If flow testing is done in the future the result may lead to a wrong conclusion if this adjustment is not accounted for 1 Remove the bottom end of the PS XXX controller enclosure the end with the conduit openings 2 Locate the adju...

Page 22: ... wire with ground because it has 3 power wires plus a ground wire To determine the minimum required wire size refer to the Systems Sizing Table Submersible Splice A splice kit includes crimp connectors to join the copper wires adhesive heat shrink tubing and instructions If the drop cable is too large to fit in the crimp connector cut off some of the wire strands Use a crimping tool and observe th...

Page 23: ... you did not write down the color match or the wind blew your note away connect the three power wires to the controller in ANY random order Apply power Observe the pump shaft rotation then turn the power off If WARNING When testing for direction do not run the pump dry for more than 15 seconds the direction is wrong exchange ANY TWO of the power wires at the controller In any case when you are fin...

Page 24: ...PS XXX series controllers The Low Water OFF light flashes slowly for the remainder of the day even if the water recovers and the pump restarts automati cally This tells you that the water source ran low at least once since the power was disrupted or sun went down To turn the light off reset the controller by turning it off on CAUTION The low water probe must be posi tioned vertically within 10 If ...

Page 25: ...he pump to stop if the connection is broken use a normally closed N C float switch instead Wiring to the controller junction box The controller and junction box offers two options for connection of a remote switch These allow the use of either a normally open N O or a nor mally closed N C switch Normal refers to the status of the contacts when the switch is DOWN and calling for water Float switch ...

Page 26: ...re switch may not function reliably at a lower pressure differential 2 If the lift from the pressure switch up to the tank is to exceed 100 vertical feet 30m the off pressure may exceed the pressure ratings for normal components which is typically 150 PSI 10 bar 3 Pressure switch adjustments are critical Be sure to observe carefully to verify the perform ance 4 Install a pressure gauge near the pr...

Page 27: ...ent protection against motor overload CAUTION The PS XXX control ler is NOT a battery charge controller A charge controller prevents battery overcharge It is a normal part of any renewable energy battery charging system Be sure the charge controller is appropriate to the type of batteries used Sealed batteries use lower voltage settings than liquid filled batteries Wire Sizing for the DC circuit W...

Page 28: ...e valve near the pressure tank before the shutoff valve Use a 1 2 or larger valve set about 25 75 higher than the cut out pressure Run a pipe or hose from its outlet to a drain or to the outdoors where water discharge will not cause damage 5 12 Pressurizing Systems Pressure tank A pressure tank is required We recommend a captive air pressure tank of 40 GALLONS 150 liters OR MORE to assure a steady...

Page 29: ...e switch between the power source distribution point and the controller as you would with a conventional pump 2 remote switching This method uses the remote float switch terminals Small wire minimum 18 AWG can be run to the pressure switch from a long distance See illustration below Advantage the controller stays on all the time If the water source runs low even if it recovers the Source Low indic...

Page 30: ... rotor pumps are lubricated at the factory with a clear non toxic grease Its only purpose is temporary to allow the pump to be run dry for a short time to test the direction of rotation There is no normal reason to reapply lubricant but if you do use VASELINE petroleum jelly white petrolatum or non toxic silicone grease approved for water valves and seals WARNING for SIPHON APPLI CATIONS If a pump...

Page 31: ...er pipe will increase the flow velocity and helps exhaust the sediment See Section 6 6 Coping with Dirty Water Conditions 2 Hand installation to reduce the weight especially for removal when the pipe is filled with water Balance these advantages against the increased friction loss in smaller pipe You can use a pipe size that is smaller than the pump outlet by using a reducer bushing Horizontal pip...

Page 32: ...o the drop pipe use vinyl electrical tape or pipe wrap tape WARNING when using flexible POLYETHYLENE PE pipe allow for pipe stretch Make the cable probe wires and rope longer than the pipe to prevent tension when the pipe stretches cable wires 1 5 longer than pipe rope 1 longer than pipe Distribute the excess length along the length of the pipe as illustrated and leave a little more excess length ...

Page 33: ...ired NO not within the normal temperature range The PS Pumps high efficiency motor generates very little heat A conventional submersible pump requires a flow sleeve to assist motor cooling when installed in open water not confined by a narrow casing It is a piece of 4 6 pipe that surrounds the pump to in crease flow around the motor Depth of submersion PS Pumps may be submersed as deep as necessar...

Page 34: ...inside the drop pipe each time the pump stops and block the flow For water sources that contain high amounts of sand clay or other solids consider the following suggestions To avoid pumping dirty water 1 Have your well purged developed or otherwise improved by a water well contractor before installing the pump 2 Temporarily install a more powerful pump to draw at a high flow rate until the water l...

Page 35: ...ded intake When power is applied to the AC pump it pushes water up through the cylinder pushing its valves open When the windmill draws water it sucks it up through the AC pump with little resistance The centrifugal pump end of the standard AC pump allows water to flow through it when it is stopped When both pumps operate each one is relieved of its load more or less This system can be employed wi...

Page 36: ... so they are not supplied with rubber spacers Clearance for drilled well casings Rubber spacers fit a 6 150 mm inside diameter or larger well casing Cut the rubber spacer legs to fit smaller casing If you are installing the pump in a well casing smaller than 6 cut the spacer legs Grooves indicate where to cut for a 4 100 mm casing Use a fine tooth saw to cut the rubber CAUTION The threads in the c...

Page 37: ...locity See Section 6 2 Drop Pipe and Section 13 2 Water Pipe Sizing Chart WARNING Hand installation and removal is potentially hazardous WARNING DO NOT USE A VEHICLE to install or remove a pump During removal the pump can catch on joints or edges in the well casing Damage or loss of the pump can occur before the vehicle operator can react CAUTIONS for polyethylene pipe PE rolled pipe 1 Do not exce...

Page 38: ... installed Once you introduce these chemi cals make sure that the pump is working to prevent that it sits for a longer time in the aggressive environment Consult a local supplier or environmental health authority for a recommended procedure Do not use an excessive con centration WARNING PS Pumps may be damaged by soaking in a high concentration of chlorine solution Avoid prolonged contact 7 4 Sani...

Page 39: ...d below the level of the low water probe After the water level recovers the pump will restart but this light will slowly flash until the sun goes down power is interrupted or the POWER switch is reset This indicates that the water source ran low at least once since the previous off on cycle TANK FULL red Pump is turned off by action of the remote float switch or pressure switch or manual switch wh...

Page 40: ...roblem The pump will attempt to restart after the normal delay Time delays 1 After pump stops due to insufficient sunshine 120 SECONDS 2 After full tank float switch resets 2 to 3 SECONDS 3 After low water probe regains contact with water in the source 20 MINUTES but the indicator light will slowly falsh for the rest of the solar day or until power is disrupted or the controller is turned off on 4...

Page 41: ...roller output 4 The pump or pipe may be packed with mud clay sand or debris 5 Helical rotor models The rubber stator may be expanded from heat due to sun exposure or pumping water that is warmer than 72 F 22 C This may stop the pump temporarily but will not cause damage See Section 12 Temperature Specifications 6 Helical rotor models The pump may have run dry Remove the pump stator outer body from...

Page 42: ... bypass the probe or test it electrically See Section 9 3 below 1 If the probe is NOT being used there must be a wire between terminals 1 and 2 2 The probe is a cylindrical plastic device mounted on or near the pump It contains a small float on a vertical shaft The float must be able to move up to indicate that it is submerged and down to indicate that it is dry 3 The probe must be positioned vert...

Page 43: ...s will not cause damage cf Test 1 Test the motor circuit resistance test with POWER OFF cf Test 7 Make this test if there is proper voltage at the controller input but the motor does not run It will confirm the condition of the entire motor circuit including the motor pump cable and splice Test the running current of the motor circuit AC amps cf Test 6 6A This is one of the most useful trouble sho...

Page 44: ...5 7 5 4 6 2 7 9 7 7 8 4 1 R H 7 2 7 3 5 4 3 5 3 6 1 7 9 7 0 9 0 2 R H 7 3 8 4 1 6 3 7 5 8 t f i L p m u P 5 6 1 0 1 3 3 5 1 9 4 0 2 5 6 0 3 0 0 1 0 4 3 3 1 0 5 6 6 1 0 6 0 0 2 0 7 3 3 2 0 8 6 6 2 0 9 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 3 3 0 2 1 0 0 4 0 4 1 6 6 4 0 6 1 3 3 5 0 8 1 5 9 5 0 0 2 0 5 6 0 3 2 0 5 7 m t f H 3 0 R H 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 0 3 4 3 C A s p m A 3 0 R H 9 ...

Page 45: ...obe the switch in the probe makes contact That causes the applied voltage to drop toward zero The systems sees water and allows the pump to run If the voltage is greater than 3V dry shutoff is triggered Test 9 The low water probe has an internal 1K resistor in series with the switch When closed in water the normal resistance is around 1000 To bypass the low water probe and activate the pump connec...

Page 46: ...ittle or no leakage over a period of hours 6 Measure the pump current and compare it with the table in the previous section Test 6 7 There is a max RPM adjustment in the controller It may have been set to reduce the flow as low as 50 See Section 5 6 Has the flow decreased over time 1 Is the AC motor current lower than normal The pump end pumping mechanism may be worn from too much abrasive particl...

Page 47: ...tem Solar direct battery Pump or System Model Pump Model Serial Controller Model Serial If Battery System Voltage V Is it pressurized yes no Well Water Source Data Well depth Static water level Drawdown level Recovery rate of well Depth of pump setting Additional vertical lift from top of well Total head Installation Date Drop pipe length size Pipe from well head to tank length size Pump cable siz...

Page 48: ...r been reduced from maximum SOLAR DIRECT systems only There must be NO OTHER electrical load or device connected to the same solar array This may include an active electric solar tracker LORENTZ active trackers can work together with our pumps or an electric fence charger Disconnect it and try it again yes no yes no yes no yes no yes no ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS Test refers to the photos in Section ...

Page 49: ...need to use the lowest ohms range on your meter Hold the probes tightly to the wires and scratch then a little to ensure good contact Hold tight until the meter display shows the LOWEST reading that you can get Holding the probes with your fingers will not alter the reading DISCONNECT the motor wires L1 L2 L3 from the junction box Measure the resistance between each pair on the motor cable L1 L2 L...

Page 50: ... I T P I R C S E D S E T O N R E T E M G N I T T E S e b o r p t u p n i L A M R O N T L U S E R N O I T A T E R P R E T N I 1 n e p o y a r r a r a l o s V P e g a t l o v t i u c r i c t c e n n o c s i d N I R E W O P F F O e b t s u m h c t i w s y t i r a l o p k c e h C s t l o v C D V t o h n i t s e w o l V 5 8 5 7 r e h t a e w e h t s e t a c i d n i l a m r o n x 2 r o x 2 1 g n o r w d...

Page 51: ...scconnect switch OFF PV discconnect switch ON PV disconnect switch ON and pump running Remove one array wire and re make the connection THROUGH your meter Probe connections must be secure A clamping device is helpful split bolt is shown as an example PV disconnect switch ON and pump running DC clamp on meter must be zero set first ...

Page 52: ... S a f f o p m u p d e t r o h s t i u c r i c r o n e p o h c t i w S b n o p m u p n e k o r b 1 1 n o i t a r t s u l l i e k i l C N D E S O L C Y L L A M R O N S I H C T I W S F I 1 1 N O R E W O P l a n i m r e t t a e g a t l o V 5 4 f o e n o e s o o h C s t l o v C D V V 2 1 a V 2 0 b t i u c r i c r o n e p o h c t i w S a f f o p m u p n e k o r b t i u c r i c r o d e s o l c h c t i w...

Page 53: ...If a normally open N O float switch is used it is wired this way To measure switch circuit resistance DISCONNECT the wires from terminals 3 4 similar to Photo 7 If a normally closed N C float switch OR pressure switch is used it is wired this way To measure switch circuit resistance DISCONNECT the wires from terminals 4 5 similar to Photo 7 Speed indication of Pump By counting the ammount of flash...

Page 54: ...ng in the wind Exposed wiring must be sunlight resistant and in good condition In the case of a tracking array look carefully for any wire damage due to rubbing bending or pulling as the tracker swings If wiring was not performed to professional standards improve it to prevent faults in the future Grounding Inspect the grounding system carefully All connections must be tight and free of corrosion ...

Page 55: ...ump materials with corrosive substances or hydrocarbon or petroleum impurities or from running the pump with an insufficient supply of water No specific claim of merchantability shall be assumed or implied beyond what is printed on the manufacturer s or importer s printed literature No liability shall exist from circum stances arising from the inability to use the product or its inappropriateness ...

Page 56: ... power available from the solar array Power output from the array is optimally matched to the load by maximum power point tracker MPPT and linear current booster LCB functions to produce maxi mum power transfer throughout all condi tions The LCB function is analogous to an automatic transmission in an automobile It starts the pump in low gear it lowers the 13 REFERENCE SECTION 13 1 Principles of O...

Page 57: ...cles tend to roll away from the contact area making the pump extremely resistant to abrasion Particles that are trapped against the rubber are tolerated by the flexibility of rubber Some history Helical rotor pumps have been used in the oil industry for over 60 years They are used to pump concrete They have been used for solar pumping since the 1980 s but were very expensive until the LORENTZ heli...

Page 58: ...18 5 5 2 4 0 8 0 23 0 08 0 03 65 246 21 6 3 2 7 1 0 0 26 0 09 0 04 70 265 24 7 2 3 1 1 1 0 30 0 10 0 04 75 284 8 3 5 1 2 0 34 0 12 0 05 80 303 9 3 9 1 4 0 38 0 13 0 05 85 322 10 4 4 1 6 0 42 0 14 0 06 90 341 11 4 8 1 7 0 47 0 16 0 07 95 360 12 5 3 1 9 0 51 0 18 0 07 100 379 14 5 8 2 1 0 56 0 19 0 08 150 569 28 12 4 3 1 2 0 39 0 17 200 758 20 7 1 1 9 0 66 0 27 FLOWRATE Don t cheat yourself with und...

Page 59: ... human activities that can damage exposed piping After the pitless adapter is installed the pump can be installed and removed from above with no further need to dig The inside half slides apart vertically by means of a dovetail joint and an O ring A piece of threaded pipe is used as a temporary tool for installation or removal Thread it into the socket on the inside half of the adapter If the well...

Page 60: ...age tank be sure the discharge pipe is large enough to allow sufficient flow to meet the maximum water demand without excessive friction loss Pressure of delivery Every 2 3 feet vertical feet of drop produces 1 PSI of pressure minus any friction loss 10m produces 1 bar The volume of water stored in the tank does not effect the pressure delivered Water Purification Check local health authorities an...

Page 61: ...ation systems It will resist accumulation of debris and WARNING Do not install the pump with its check valve removed Question Will the pump drain back when it stops Answer NO The pump has a check valve that stops water from draining back down when it stops A helical rotor pump will not drain back even if the check valve is removed mineral deposits far better than a simple hole or a needle valve Em...

Page 62: ...periodically for accuracy Use two meters and clips for easier testing It is often helpful to measure voltage and current simultaneously An inexpensive meter is adequate for voltage because precision is not necessary Clip wires or clip on probes are very helpful if you don t have three hands Resistance readings are always taken with NO POWER applied to the circuit Always use the LOWEST range that p...

Page 63: ...ypical effi ciency losses 1 Kilowatt for 1 Hour 1 Kilowatt Hour KWH Three Phase AC Three phase power is AC that is carried by three wires Power waves are applied in a sequence Three phase is used for large industrial motors variable speed motors and brushless solar water pump motors Analogy 3 cylinder engine Transformer An electrical device that steps up voltage and steps down current proportion a...

Page 64: ... changes in water level It may be used to prevent overflow of a tank by turning a pump off or to prevent a pump from running dry when the source level is low Float Valve A valve that responds to changes in water level It is used to prevent overflow of a tank by blocking the flow of water Foot Valve A check valve placed in the water source below a surface pump It prevents water from flowing back do...

Page 65: ...o start and to run under low sun conditions without stalling Electrical analogy variable transformer Mechanical analogy automatic transmission Also called pump controller See pump controller Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT An added refinement in some linear current boosters in which the input voltage tracks the variations of the output voltage of the PV array to draw the most possible solar powe...

Page 66: ...which a pump is set Total Dynamic Head vertical lift friction loss in piping see vertical lift and friction loss Vertical Lift The vertical distance that water is pumped This determines the pressure that the pump pushes against Total vertical lift vertical lift from surface of water source up to the discharge in the tank in a pressure system discharge pressure Synonym static head Note Horizontal d...

Page 67: ...ankoff Solar Products Citation of the source and copyright is required Copyright 1997 2005 by Dankoff Solar Products Inc All rights reserved 13 10 Calculating Pumping Efficiency and Power Requirement Glossary of Solar Electricity and Water Pumping continued This formula lets you calculate the wire to water energy efficiency of any electric pump ing system Efficiency Vert Feet X GPM X 18 8 Watts Me...

Page 68: ... 5 WARNING TEST max open circuit voltage If you are using a battery system install a jumper wire between terminals 6 and 7 PV Modules Solar Panels Before connecting the array to the controller measure the open circuit voltage It must be within a range of PS200 35 90V DC PS600 75 135V DC PS1200 110 180V DC PS1800 110 180V DC Float Switch optional Float Switch Kit makes contact on rise to stop pump ...

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