Lake Shore Model 332 Temperature Controller User’s Manual
decibels (dB)
. A unit for describing the ratio of two powers or intensities, or the ratio of a power to a reference power;
equal to one-tenth bel; if P
1
and P
2
are two amounts of power, the first is said to be
n
decibels greater, where
n
= 10 log
10
(P
1
/P
2
).
1
degree
. An incremental value in the temperature scale, i.e., there are 100 degrees between the ice point and the boiling
point of water in the Celsius scale and 180 degrees between the same two points in the Fahrenheit scale.
demagnetization
. when a sample is exposed to an applied field (H
a
), poles are induced on the surface of the sample.
Some of the returned flux from these poles is inside of the sample. This returned flux tends to decrease the net
magnetic field strength internal to the sample yielding a true internal field (H
int
) given by: H
int
= H
a
– DM ,where M is the
volume magnetization and D is the demagnetization factor. D is dependent on the sample geometry and orientation with
respect to the field.
deviation
. The difference between the actual value of a controlled variable and the desired value corresponding to the
setpoint.
1
Dewar flask
. A vessel having double walls, the space between being evacuated to prevent the transfer of heat and the
surfaces facing the vacuum being heat-reflective; used to hold liquid gases and to study low-temperature phenomena.
1
Invented by Sir James Dewar (1842 – 1923), a Scottish physical chemist.
differential permeability
. The slope of a B versus H curve: µ
d
= dB/dH.
differential susceptibility
. The slope of a M versus H curve:
χ
d
= dM/dH.
digital controller
. A feedback control system where the feedback device (sensor) and control actuator (heater) are joined
by a digital processor. In Lake Shore controllers the heater output is maintained as a variable DC current source.
digital data
. Pertaining to data in the form of digits or interval quantities. Contrast with analog data.
2
dimensionless sensitivity
. Sensitivity of a physical quantity to a stimulus, expressed in dimensionless terms. The
dimensionless temperature sensitivity of a resistance temperature sensor is expressed as S
d
= (T/R)(dR/dT) which is
also equal to the slope of R versus T on a log-log plot, that is S
d
= d lnR / d lnT. Note that the absolute temperature
(in kelvin) must be used in these expressions.
drift, instrument
. An undesired but relatively slow change in output over a period of time, with a fixed reference input.
Note:
Drift is usually expressed in percent of the maximum rated value of the variable being measured.
2
dynamic data exchange (DDE)
. A method of interprocess communication which passes data between processes and
synchronized events. DDE uses shared memory to exchange data between applications and a protocol to synchronize
the passing of data.
dynamic link library (DLL)
. A module that contains code, data, and Windows resources that multiple Windows programs
can access.
electromagnet
. A device in which a magnetic field is generated as the result of electrical current passing through a helical
conducting coil. It can be configured as an iron-free solenoid in which the field is produced along the axis of the coil, or
an iron-cored structure in which the field is produced in an air gap between pole faces. The coil can be water cooled
copper or aluminum, or superconductive.
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
. A transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials
caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
error
. Any discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured quantity and the true, specified, or theoretically
correct value or condition.
2
excitation
. Either an AC or DC input to a sensor used to produce an output signal. Common excitations include: constant
current, constant voltage, or constant power.
Fahrenheit (°F) Scale
. A temperature scale that registers the freezing point of water as 32 °F and the boiling point as
212 °F under normal atmospheric pressure.
See
Temperature for conversions.
feedback control system
. A system in which the value of some output quantity is controlled by feeding back the value of
the controlled quantity and using it to manipulate an input quantity so as to bring the value of the controlled quantity
closer to a desired value. Also known as closed-loop control system.
1
four-lead
. measurement technique where one pair of excitation leads and an independent pair of measurement leads are
used to measure a sensor. This method reduces the effect of lead resistance on the measurement.
GaAlAs
. Gallium-aluminum-arsenide semiconducting material used to make the special Lake Shore TG family of diode
temperature sensors.
gamma
. A cgs unit of low-level flux density, where 100,000 gamma equals one oersted, or 1 gamma equals 10
–5
oersted.
gauss (G)
. The cgs unit for magnetic flux density (B). 1 gauss = 10
–4
tesla. Named for Karl Fredrich Gauss (1777
–
1855)
a German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist.
gaussian system (units)
. A system in which centimeter-gram-second units are used for electric and magnetic qualities.
general purpose interface bus (GPIB)
. Another term for the IEEE-488 bus.
germanium (Ge)
. A common temperature sensing material fabricated from doped germanium to make the Lake Shore
GR family of resistance temperature sensor elements.
Glossary of Terminology
A-3
