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Figure 4-9
Common-emitter characteristics of an NPN silicon Transistor ...................................................... 4-13
Figure 4-10
Path isolation resistance........................................................................................................................ 4-13
Figure 4-11
Voltage attenuation by path isolation resistance .............................................................................. 4-13
Figure 4-12
Power line ground loops ...................................................................................................................... 4-15
Figure 4-13
Eliminating ground loops .................................................................................................................... 4-15
Figure 5-1
Path resistance testing............................................................................................................................. 5-3
Figure 5-2
Common-mode offset current testing................................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-3
Differential offset current testing .......................................................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-4
Contact potential testing......................................................................................................................... 5-6
Figure 5-5
Path isolation testing (guarded) ............................................................................................................ 5-8
Figure 5-6
Differential isolation testing................................................................................................................. 5-10
Figure 5-7
Common-mode isolation testing ......................................................................................................... 5-10
Figure 5-8
Model 7012 block diagram ................................................................................................................... 5-12
Figure 5-9
Start and stop sequences....................................................................................................................... 5-13
Figure 5-10
Transmit and acknowledge sequence................................................................................................. 5-14
iv
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