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Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition, User Manual

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Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition User Manual Download Page 75

  

 

Troubleshooting 

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User's Manual

 

75 

22 Troubleshooting 

Please refer to the following Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition website for 
troubleshooting information: 

http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/iaa_raid/index.htm

  

 

 

Summary of Contents for Application Accelerator RAID Edition

Page 1: ...Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition User s Manual Revision 1 1 July 2003 ...

Page 2: ... and product descriptions at any time without notice Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked reserved or undefined Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them The Intel Application Accelerator may contain design defects or errors...

Page 3: ... Creating Deleting and Resetting RAID Sets 27 10 2 Create RAID 0 or RAID 1 Volume 28 10 3 Delete RAID Volume 28 10 4 Reset RAID Data 28 11 Loading the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Driver During Operating System Install 29 11 1 Instructions on Creating F6 Floppy Diskette 29 11 2 Installation Using F6 Method 30 12 Intel RAID Option ROM 31 12 1 Description 31 12 2 Confirming Version of ...

Page 4: ... RAID Ready 53 17 1 RAID Ready Definition 53 17 2 RAID Ready System Requirements 53 17 3 Steps on Setting Up a RAID Ready System 53 17 4 Converting a RAID Ready System into RAID 0 or RAID 1 System with Migration Feature 53 17 4 1 Creating a New Partition Using Windows Disk Management 54 18 RAID Migration Instructions 55 18 1 Create RAID Volume from Existing Disk 57 18 1 1 Step 1 of 3 Select Source...

Page 5: ...ix B Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel Chipsets 78 B 1 Description 78 B 2 Obtaining the Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility 78 B 3 Confirming Installation of the Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility 78 B 4 Troubleshooting 79 Appendix C Serial ATA 80 C 1 Description 80 C 2 Comparing Serial ATA versus Parallel ATA IDE 80 C 3 System Requirements 81 C 4 Serial ATA Da...

Page 6: ...R 6 User s Manual Figures Figure 1 RAID 0 13 Figure 2 RAID 1 15 Tables Table 1 Serial ATA Transfer Rates Associated With Transfer Modes 83 ...

Page 7: ...e used to indicate important messages to the reader These are marked as note important note caution or warning Note Note and Important Note Means reader take note Notes can also contain helpful suggestions or references Caution Caution This symbol means reader be careful Warning Warning Not following these instructions might render the system unusable Certain functions may also have consequences t...

Page 8: ...R 8 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 9: ...tem http support intel com support chipsets iaa_raid supported htm Please note that the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition does NOT support Beta or pre released versions of any Windows operating systems The majority of the issues contained in this document are related to either software configuration or hardware integration Intel is not responsible for the software written by third party v...

Page 10: ...Scope of This Document R 10 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 11: ...lance of performance and data protection Each RAID level is designed for speed data protection or a combination of both Patterson Gibson and Katz published their findings in a document titled A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAID This document is archived at the University of California Berkeley http sunsite berkeley edu TechRepPages CSD 87 391 RAID was designed to improve the way ...

Page 12: ...RAID Background R 12 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 13: ... Premiere or creating CD or DVD images with a CD DVD authoring package such as Roxio Easy CD Creator The hard drives in a RAID 0 array are combined to form one volume which appears as a single virtual drive to the operating system For example two 40 GB hard drives in a RAID 0 array will appear as a single 80 GB hard drive to the operating system No redundancy information is stored in a RAID 0 arra...

Page 14: ...RAID 0 Striping R 14 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 15: ... other without any impact to the data integrity In the case of a disk failure the computer system will remain fully operational to ensure maximum productivity The performance of a RAID 1 array is greater than that of a single drive since data can be read from multiple disks simultaneously although disk writes do not realize the same benefit as is the case with RAID 0 Figure 2 RAID 1 Minimum Disks ...

Page 16: ...RAID 1 Mirroring R 16 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 17: ...s and data remain intact The migration process itself can take up to several hours depending on the size of the hard drives being converted but the system is still fully functional while the migration is being performed it is possible to conduct other activities such as surf the Web and or run productivity applications while the system is being migrated The only limitation is that some disk intens...

Page 18: ...RAID Migration Feature R 18 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 19: ...ing the processor and other system level hardware to be more productive and efficient It is a requirement in order for Intel RAID Technology to work properly It is not a requirement for stand alone Serial ATA hard drive s to work properly e g not configured for RAID To use the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition your system must meet ALL of the following requirements A supported Intel chips...

Page 20: ...Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition R 20 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 21: ...A has attracted widespread industry support through the Serial ATA Working Group www serialata org Note Please refer to Appendix A for additional information on Serial ATA hard drives 7 2 Installing Serial ATA Hard Drives Note Please refer to Appendix A for additional information on Serial ATA hard drives Installing Serial ATA SATA hard drives requires the use of a SATA data cable 7 pin 4 conducto...

Page 22: ...onnector A on the motherboard 2 Attach the other cable end B to the SATA hard drive Note Both the data and power SATA cables are new designs you cannot use older 40 pin 80 conductor IDE or regular IDE power cables with SATA hard drives You should always carefully follow any instructions that come from the hard drive manufacturer ...

Page 23: ...for the RAID controller before installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Refer to the motherboard documentation or contact the motherboard manufacturer or your place of purchase for instructions on properly configuring the system BIOS for RAID If you are using an Intel motherboard with a supported Intel chipset see http support intel com support chipsets iaa_raid suppchip htm Secti...

Page 24: ...BIOS Importance Settings R 24 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 25: ...D Edition needs to have the associated version of the Intel RAID Option ROM installed on the system in order to support the entire feature set Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition version 3 5 automatically checks to see if version 3 5 of the Intel RAID Option ROM is installed If it is not a dialog message will appear informing you to update your system BIOS If you currently have version 3 0 ...

Page 26: ...Important Information on Intel Option ROM Version R 26 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 27: ...ressing the F2 key after the Power On Self Test POST memory test begins 2 Select the Advanced menu then the Drive Configuration menu 3 Switch the Drive Mode option from Legacy to Enhanced 4 Switch the SoftRAID option to Enabled 5 Press F10 to save the BIOS settings and exit the BIOS Setup program 10 1 Creating Deleting and Resetting RAID Sets Note Please refer to Section 12 for illustration exampl...

Page 28: ...e Volume prompt press the Enter key to create the array Confirm this selection by pressing the Y key after the prompt 6 Scroll to option 4 Exit and press the Enter key to exit the RAID Configuration utility Confirm the exit by pressing the Y key 10 3 Delete RAID Volume Note Please refer to Section 12 for illustration examples of the Intel RAID Option ROM windows Warning All data on the RAID drives...

Page 29: ...s 1 Download the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition or use the CD shipped with your motherboard which contains the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition The Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition can be downloaded from the following website http downloadfinder intel com scripts df Product_Filter asp ProductID 961 2 The following four files need to be copied from the compressed CAB...

Page 30: ...oad support for mass storage device s 2 Press the S key to Specify Additional Device 3 You will be prompted to Please insert the disk labeled Manufacturer supplied hardware support disk into Drive A Once prompted insert the floppy disk containing the following four files IASTOR INF IASTOR SYS IASTOR CAT and TXTSETUP OEM and press ENTER Note See Section 11 1 titled Instructions on Creating F6 Flopp...

Page 31: ...e which version of the Intel RAID Option ROM has been integrated into the system BIOS Press the CTRL i keys when you see the Intel R RAID for Serial ATA status screen appear should appear early in system boot up during the Power On Self Test POST Located in the top right corner you should see a version number in the following format V3 0 0 xxxx 12 3 Using the Intel RAID Option ROM 12 3 1 Creating ...

Page 32: ...3 0 0 2307 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved RAID Volumes None defined Non RAID Disks Port Drive Model Serial Size Status Bootable 0 ST3120023AS 3KA0J1ZJ 111 7GB Normal Yes 1 ST3120023AS 3KA0H0M0 111 7GB Normal Yes Press CTRL I to enter Configuration Utility Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configuration Utility 0 0 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0...

Page 33: ...6 characters in length that can be used to uniquely identify the RAID volume This name is case sensitive and can not contain special characters Change TAB Next ESC Previous Menu ENTER Select 8 Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configuration Utility 0 8 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0 2307 1 CREATE ARRAY MENU Name RAID_Volume1 Strip Size 128KB RAID Level RAID0 Striping ...

Page 34: ...al purpose strip size 128 KB Best performance for most desktops and workstations 4 Select the RAID level by scrolling through the available values by using the or keys and pressing the Enter key to select and advance to the next field 5 From the Strip size press the Tab or ENTER key to advance to the Create Volume prompt The window will appears as follows Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configura...

Page 35: ... Name RAID_Volume1 Strip Size 128KB RAID Level RAID0 Striping Capacity 223 5GB Create Volume Are you sure you want to create this RAID volume Y N Press ENTER to Create the specified volume Change TAB Next ESC Previous Menu ENTER Select 8 Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configuration Utility 0 0 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0 2307 1 MAIN MENU 1 Create RAID Volume 2 D...

Page 36: ... 0 0 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0 2307 1 MAIN MENU 1 Create RAID Volume 2 Delete RAID Volume 3 Reset Disks to Non RAID 4 Exit CONFIRM EXIT Are you sure you want to exit Y N RAID Volumes ID Name Level Strip Size Status Bootable 0 RAID_Volume1 RAID0 Stripe 128KB 223 5GB Normal Yes ST3120023AS 3KA0J1ZJ Port0 111 7GB Normal ST3120023AS 3KA0H0M0 Port1 111 7GB Normal Non...

Page 37: ...em will become unbootable 2 Select the volume and press the Delete key to delete the RAID volume and the following prompt will appear Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configuration Utility 0 0 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0 2307 1 DELETE ARRAY MENU Name Level Drives Capacity Status Bootable RAID_Volume1 RAID0 Stripe 2 223 5GB Normal Yes HELP Deleting a volume will de...

Page 38: ...RAY MENU VOLUME DELETE VERIFICATION Na Are you sure you want to delete this volume e RA ALL DATA IN THE VOLUME WILL BE LOST s Are you sure you want to delete volume RAID_Volume1 Y N HELP Deleting a volume will destroy the volume data on the drive s and cause any member disks to become available as non RAID disks WARNING EXISTING DATA WITHIN THIS VOULME WILL BE LOST AND NON RECOVERABLE Select ESC P...

Page 39: ...ng the Y key Intel R RAID for Serial ATA RAID Configuration Utility 0 0 Copyright C 2003 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved v3 0 0 2307 1 MAIN MENU RESET ALL RAID DATA Resetting all RAID data will remove any internal RAID structures from all RAID disks including disks with working volumes These structures are used to maintain the RAID volumes By removing these structures the drive will revert b...

Page 40: ...Intel RAID Option ROM R 40 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 41: ...nitor Service 13 2 Steps to Take Before Installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition 13 2 1 Resolve Conflicts in Device Manager Before installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition there should be NO conflicts e g yellow exclamation points or red X s in Device Manager under Hard Disk Controllers Device Manager can be accessed by going to Start Button Settings Control Panel...

Page 42: ... known location on your hard drive you need to run the file iaarxx_enu exe English version or iaarxx_multi exe multi language Running the file can be done by double clicking on the file name The installation program should launch after you double click on the file name Click on the Next button at the Welcome screen Read the license agreement and click on the Yes button to accept the license terms ...

Page 43: ...ual 43 13 3 2 Installation Welcome Screen Click on the Next button after the following welcome window appears 13 3 3 Installation License Agreement Carefully read through the license agreement in the following window and if you accept all the terms click on the Yes button ...

Page 44: ...on Choose Destination Location Select the folder in the following window where you would like Setup to install the files and then click on the Next button 13 3 5 Installation Select Program Folder Select a program folder in the following window where you would like Setup to add the program icons ...

Page 45: ...ng the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition R User s Manual 45 13 3 6 Installation Setup Status The status of the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Setup will then appear in the following window ...

Page 46: ...Installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition R 46 User s Manual 13 3 7 Installation InstallShield Wizard Complete Once installation is complete the following window will appear ...

Page 47: ...tion utility should be shown If installation was done via have disk F6 or unattended installation methods you can confirm that the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition has been loaded by completing the following steps For Windows XP or Windows 2000 Note The following instructions assume classic mode Click on Start Button Settings Control Panel Double click on the System icon Select the Hardw...

Page 48: ...Confirming the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition is Installed R 48 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 49: ...llowing Start Menu path Start All Programs Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Intel Application Accelerator Click the Device Information Tab Single left click the Intel R 82801ER SATA RAID Controller item in the Devices tree Then look for a parameter in the Parameters list box titled Driver Version This should have a version number in the following format 3 0 0 xxxx 15 2 RAID Driver File P...

Page 50: ...Confirming Version of Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Installed R 50 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 51: ...a_raid suppchip htm 16 2 Symptom Operating System Not Supported The following error message occurs during installation Resolution This issue is resolved by installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition on a system with a supported Intel chipset see http support intel com support chipsets iaa_raid suppchip htm Note Note For Windows XP and Windows 2000 Users In order to successfully comp...

Page 52: ...Issues During Installation R 52 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 53: ...celerator RAID Edition driver is F6 d during operating system installation you will be prompted to Press F6 if you need to install a third party SCSI or RAID driver or pre installed on SATA Hard Drive configured as Non RAID Disk also known as RAID Ready Mode 2 Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition driver is installed from within operating system to add Start Menu links and Intel Application A...

Page 54: ... a New Partition Using Windows Disk Management To create a new partition using Windows Disk Management complete the following steps Complete one of the following Step 1 tasks then proceed with the remaining steps 1a Right Click My Computer select Manage In the Computer Management program window left click Disk Management in the program tree on the left located under Storage subsection or 1b Within...

Page 55: ...ws XP on the single SATA hard drive Refer to Section 8 and 10 to properly configure the BIOS 2 Install the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition during Windows Setup Refer to Section 11 for instructions on installing the driver during Windows Setup 3 Install the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition after the operating system is installed See Section 13 3 for where the Intel Application ...

Page 56: ...tion Accelerator RAID Edition has been successfully installed and the system has rebooted click on the Intel Application Accelerator shortcut link and the following window will appear Note The Physical Disks listed in your system can differ from the following illustration ...

Page 57: ...m an existing disk right mouse click on RAID Volumes and select Create From Existing Disk to create a new RAID volume as illustrated below Note Note Creating a RAID volume from an existing disk can also be accomplished by clicking on the RAID file menu and then arrow down and click on Create Volume from Existing Disk ...

Page 58: ...e disk the one containing all of the information to be migrated and which one is the target disk On a RAID Ready system this can be determined by making a note during POST of which port e g Port 0 or Port 1 the single disk is attached to You can also use the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition utility before the second disk is installed to verify the Port and serial number of the drive that...

Page 59: ...A volume optimized for performance will allow you to access your data more quickly RAID 1 Redundancy A volume optimized for data redundancy will provide you with a real time duplicate copy of your data Note Only half of the available volume space will be available for data storage Strip Sizes Select the desired strip size setting As indicated the optimal setting is 128KB Selecting any other option...

Page 60: ...Good general purpose strip size 128KB Best performance for most desktops and workstations 18 1 4 WARNINGS Carefully read the next two dialog boxes that appear and decide if you wish to continue Please note that once you have selected Migrate on Step 3 of 3 the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition will have claimed the disks to be used in creating a new volume and this operation cannot be und...

Page 61: ...selected A dialog window will appear stating that the migration process may take considerable time to complete and you must click Yes in order to start the migration While you can still continue using your computer during the migration process once the migration process starts it cannot be stopped If the migration process gets interrupted and your system is rebooted for any reason it will pick up ...

Page 62: ...maining for your system can differ from the following example 18 3 Successful Migration If the migration process was completed successfully the following dialog window will appear Note You must reboot your system in order to use the full capacity of the new volume ...

Page 63: ...ld no longer use the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition driver For instructions on how to manually uninstall the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition please refer to Section 19 2 titled Windows XP Windows 2000 19 2 Windows XP Windows 2000 To manually uninstall the Intel Application RAID Edition from your system complete the following steps Note Important Note All the data on the RAID...

Page 64: ...2 or Delete during boot up e Change the IDE configuration for the RAID controlled hard drive s from RAID to IDE 3 Delete any partitions on the hard drives that were previously connected to the RAID controller 4 Reinstall the operating system Note If you experience any difficulties making these changes to the system BIOS please contact the motherboard manufacturer or your place of purchase for assi...

Page 65: ...s method is available for Windows XP For Windows XP the IASTOR INF IASTOR SYS IASTOR CAT and TXTSETUP OEM files need to first be extracted from the compressed CAB file To extract these files run C SETUP EXE A P C path as described in the Advanced Installation Instructions section of the README TXT Windows XP Windows 2000 Insert the lines below into the UNATTEND TXT file MassStorageDrivers Intel R ...

Page 66: ...Unattended Installation Under Windows XP Windows 2000 R 66 User s Manual This page is intentionally left blank ...

Page 67: ... you are using a third bootable device such as an IDE or SCSI hard drive in addition to using two Serial ATA hard drives One benefit of using a third bootable device and creating a RAID volume manually is that the operating system is not located on the RAID volume Should something happen to the RAID volume the operating system should not be impacted Note The Create Volume Manually option is not se...

Page 68: ...ication Accelerator RAID Edition Utility R 68 User s Manual Note Manually creating a RAID volume can also be accomplished by clicking on the RAID file menu and then arrow down and click on Create Volume Manually ...

Page 69: ...erformance A volume optimized for performance will allow you to access your data more quickly RAID 1 Redundancy A volume optimized for data redundancy will provide you with a real time duplicate copy of your data Note Only half of the available volume space will be available for data storage Strip Sizes Select the desired strip size setting As indicated the optimal setting is 128KB Selecting any o...

Page 70: ...Good general purpose strip size 128KB Best performance for most desktops and workstations 21 2 3 WARNINGS Warning Carefully read the next two dialog boxes that appear and decide if you wish to continue Please note that once you have selected Yes on the following two dialog boxes the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition will have claimed the disks to be used in creating a new volume and this ...

Page 71: ...ing dialog window will appear 21 4 Disk and Volume Status Parameter Descriptions The Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition utility displays a wide variety of information including the status of the physical disk parameters and the volume parameters The status of the physical disk parameters indicates the health of the disk while the status of the volume parameters indicates the health of the ...

Page 72: ...tus Indicates the health of the RAID volume Normal Volume data is fully accessible to host Failed One or more disks are missing or have failed and the volume will complete all I O requests with a failing status Migrating A RAID volume topology RAID level strip size capacity etc is changing 21 5 Generate and View a Report using the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Utility The Intel Applic...

Page 73: ...View option The report will be generated and you will automatically be taken to the Report tab where you can view all the system information Selecting Save option The report can be saved to a location on your hard drive and then viewed with a text viewer such as Notepad or WordPad ...

Page 74: ...ks to different Intel Customer Support websites if you would like to obtain information on any of the following topics related to the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Top Technical Issues Knowledge Base Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition Downloads The following illustration shows an example of the Support tab ...

Page 75: ...ing R User s Manual 75 22 Troubleshooting Please refer to the following Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition website for troubleshooting information http support intel com support chipsets iaa_raid index htm ...

Page 76: ...s R 76 User s Manual 23 Frequently Asked Questions FAQs Please refer to the following Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition website for Frequently Asked Questions FAQs http support intel com support chipsets iaa_raid index htm ...

Page 77: ...low is for qualified and trained professionals only Please do not follow the instructions listed below unless you are a qualified and trained professional Only qualified and trained professionals should open a computer system Note Some system manufacturers may void your warranty if you open the case Check with the manufacturer if you have any concerns about this before proceeding Note Important No...

Page 78: ...ility for Intel chipsets Note It is important that your Intel chipset is properly configured prior to installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition If the Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility is needed it should always be installed prior to installing the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition F6 Installation Note If you plan on installing the Intel Application Accelerator R...

Page 79: ...ter installing the Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel chipsets certain symptoms may be seen depending on the system configuration Please refer to the following Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility website for troubleshooting information http support intel com support chipsets inf ...

Page 80: ...e Transparency with Legacy Parallel ATA This enables a relatively easy transition to the new technology Low Cost SATA is cost competitive with equivalent Parallel ATA solutions including hosts devices and cabling in volume quantities C 2 Comparing Serial ATA versus Parallel ATA IDE The table below compares Serial ATA SATA versus Parallel ATA IDE Serial ATA SATA Parallel ATA IDE Theoretical Transfe...

Page 81: ...ware device driver for the operating system Generation 1 compatible SATA device such as a hard drive A SATA data cable A SATA power cable C 4 Serial ATA Data Cable Serial ATA SATA data cables are 7 pin cables Either end of the SATA data cable can be connected to the SATA hard drive or the connector on the motherboard SATA data cables can be up to 1 meter 39 inches in length The following illustrat...

Page 82: ...fit the SATA devices C 7 Mixing Matching Serial ATA Hard Drives with IDE Hard Drives If your motherboard has a supported Intel chipset and provides both IDE and Serial ATA connections you can use both Serial ATA and IDE hard drives in the system Note that Serial ATA hard drives use different data and power cables than IDE devices In order to use both IDE and Serial ATA hard drives in a RAID config...

Page 83: ...tains theoretical transfer rates of SATA transfer modes supported by the Intel 82801ER I O Controller Hub Your actual transfer rates can vary from the information contained in this table In order to take advantage of Serial ATA your system must meet specific requirements Please refer to Appendix C 3 for more information Table 1 Serial ATA Transfer Rates Associated With Transfer Modes Mode Theoreti...

Page 84: ...E hard drive to Serial ATA port ICH5R Intel 82801ER I O Controller Hub Intel Option ROM Standard PnP option ROM that provides a pre operating system user interface for the Intel RAID implementation Also allows boot order to be selected from within the BIOSes setup utility Port0 Serial ATA port connector on a motherboard identified as Port0 Port1 Serial ATA port connector on a motherboard identifie...

Page 85: ...droom cabling issues and voltage tolerance requirements Strip Grouping of data on a single physical disk within a RAID Volume Stripe The sum of all strips in a horizontal axis across physical disks within a RAID Volume Sustained transfer rate Rate at which the drive can transfer data sequentially from multiple tracks and cylinders on the disk closer to real world file transfers Theoretical transfe...

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