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1.1 CONTROL MEASURES FOR LASER CLASSIFICATIONS
C o n t r o l
M e a s u r e
C l a s s 1
C l a s s 2
C l a s s 3 a
C l a s s 3 b
C l a s s 4
Activation
Warning
Systems
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
Should have.
Shall have.
Indoor Laser
XE Optics
Lasers
Controlled
Area
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
Labels
Shall have
Shall have
Shall have.
Shall have.
Shall have.
Area Posting
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
Should have
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
Standard
Operating
Procedures
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
Should have.
Shall have.
Education and
Training
No
requirement.
Should have.
Should have.
Shall have.
Shall have.
Authorized
Personnel
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
No
requirement.
Shall have.
Shall have.
Warning Signs
and Labels
No requirement
Should have.
Should have.
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
Shall have.
Nominal Hazard
Zone analysis
required.
ANSI Z136.1 requires specific control measures for each laser classification and the environment in which they are used.
The chart above lists some of the requirements that may need to be implemented in a laboratory setting. The company
Laser Safety Officer, or designee, should reference the applicable safety regulations for appropriate control measures to
implement in the area the marker will be used.
1.2 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LASER IRRADIATION
1.2.1 Eye Injury
Because of the high degree of beam collimation, a laser serves as an almost ideal point source of intense light. A laser
beam of sufficient power can theoretically produce retinal intensities at magnitudes that are greater than conventional light
sources, and even larger than those produced when directly viewing the sun. Eye exposure to a direct beam can cause
permanent eye damage including blindness. Protective eyewear should always be worn when potential exposure to direct
laser beams exist.
Due to the lens-like focusing effect of the human eye, it is 100,000 times more vulnerable to injury than the
skin.
Laser safety eyewear should always be available for the wavelengths of lasers in use.
Eye protective equipment, however, should be considered the last line of defense against laser beam exposure
– engineering and administrative controls should be used first.
Remove all jewelry when working with an open beam to prevent reflection of the beam in unsafe directions.
When possible, use all protective housings, interlocks and shields.
Laser Safety Eyewear should always be worn during laser repair, alignment, or installation, or at any time when
any laser safety control is not in place.