Hitachi U-2810 Instruction Manual Download Page 36

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2.4.2

2 - 7

Fig.

Fig. 2-6

2-6 Optical

Optical System

System

Fig.

Fig. 2-7

2-7 Signal

Signal Processing

Processing and

and Control

Control System

System

Toroidal

Toroidal
diffraction

diffraction
grating

grating

Exit slit

Filter

Plane

Plane
mirror

mirror

Half

Half
mirror

mirror

Toroidal

Toroidal
mirror

mirror

Plane

Plane
mirror

mirror

Monochromator

Reference

Reference
side

side

Sample

Sample
side

side

Sample

Sample
compartment

compartment

Lens 2

Detector 2

Detector 1

Lens 1

lamp

Condensing

Condensing
mirror

mirror

WI lamp

Entrance

Entrance
slit

slit

RS-232C

Signal Processing and Control Unit

Spectrophotomete

Spectrophotometer Main

r Main Unit

Unit

Monochro-

Monochro-
mator/

mator/
mechanism

mechanism

MPU

RAM

Bus line

Battery

Input/Output Devices

Computer

Printer

ROM

A/D

converter

converter
(16 bits)

(16 bits)

External I/F

Optional accessory

Optional accessory
(auto sipper for

(auto sipper for
example)

example)

Detector

Log amplifier

Amplifier

l/O, l/F

Reference

Reference
beam

beam

Sample

Sample
beam

beam

Summary of Contents for U-2810

Page 1: ...E MANUAL Hitachi High Technologies Corporation Hitachi High Technologies Corporation Copyright Copyright C C Hitachi Hitachi High Technologies High Technologies Corporation Corporation 2003 2003 All rights reserved Printed in Japan All rights reserved Printed in Japan Part No 122 9905 TS K Part No 122 9905 TS K HT HMS042068 HT HMS042068 ...

Page 2: ...he following two manuals following two manuals Instruction Instruction Manual Manual for Mo for Model U del U 2810 2810 Spectrophotome Spectrophotometer ter Maintenance Manual Part No 122 9905 Maintenance Manual Part No 122 9905 Instruction Instruction Manual Manual for Hi for Hitachi S tachi Spectrophotomete pectrophotometer Serie r Series s UV Solutions Program Operation Manual Part UV Solutions...

Page 3: ...n trument and radio d radio TV TV receiver receiver Connect the Connect the instrument to instrument to an outlet an outlet on a c on a circuit differen ircuit different from t from that to which the radio TV receiver is connected that to which the radio TV receiver is connected 2 2 Possible Possible Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Wave Wave Interference Interference Affecting Affecting This This ...

Page 4: ...e manual in the manual 1 1 Scope Scope of of Warranty Warranty The instrument will be repaired without charge if The instrument will be repaired without charge if it it malfunctions due to a defect malfunctions due to a defect in workmanship during the in workmanship during the warranty period warranty period Note that a substitute part may be used for Note that a substitute part may be used for r...

Page 5: ... port after initial initial installation installation i i Failure Failure due due to to disassembly disassembly modification modification or or relocation relocation not approved by not approved by Hitachi High Technologi Hitachi High Technologies es Corporation Corporation j j Failure Failure due due to to acts acts of of God God including including fire fire earthquake earthquake storm flood lig...

Page 6: ...mes necessary after initial instrument becomes necessary after initial installation delivery please notify your installation delivery please notify your local sales local sales representative or nearest service office of Hitachi High representative or nearest service office of Hitachi High Technologie Technologies s Corporation Corporation DISPOSAL OF THIS INSTRUMENT DISPOSAL OF THIS INSTRUMENT Wh...

Page 7: ...ained contained in in the the instruction instruction manuals manuals furnished furnished with the instrument is subject to change without notice for with the instrument is subject to change without notice for product improvement product improvement 2 2 This This manual manual is is copyrighted copyrighted by by Hitachi Hitachi High Techno High Technologies logies Corporation with all rights Corpo...

Page 8: ...the manual have one of the following alert following alert headings consisting of an alert symbol and headings consisting of an alert symbol and signal word signal word DANGER WARNING or CAUTION DANGER WARNING or CAUTION DANGER DANGER Indicates Indicates an an imminently imminently hazardous hazardous situation which if not situation which if not avoided will result avoided will result in death or...

Page 9: ...alified by Hitachi Do not Do not perform any perform any operation operation or action or action other than other than described described in th in the i e instruction nstruction manual manual When When in in doubt doubt please please contact contact your local Hitachi sales representative or nearest Hitachi your local Hitachi sales representative or nearest Hitachi service office service office W...

Page 10: ...lectric shock resulting in fatal or serious injury Before connecting the power cord make sure that the Before connecting the power cord make sure that the POWER switch of the POWER switch of the spectrophotome spectrophotometer main unit is ter main unit is turned turned OFF OFF Section 1 Section 1 CAUTION CAUTION Burns upon contact with high Burns upon contact with high temperature temperature Th...

Page 11: ...meter is ter is easily affected by external noise and easily affected by external noise and floating voltage floating voltage generated in it endangers physical safety generated in it endangers physical safety c c High voltage High voltage circuits circuits are are used used inside inside the the spectrophotome spectrophotometer ter Do Do not not open open covers covers during during operation unl...

Page 12: ...r via communication or storage medium medium So So avoid avoid using using a a program program or or storage storage medium medium that is suspected of containing a virus that is suspected of containing a virus Carry ou Carry out check t check using using a vaccin a vaccine progr e program if am if there is there is a a possibility possibility of of virus virus infection infection Note Note howeve...

Page 13: ...y or the data or software stored in it become faulty or the data or software stored in it may be may be destroyed destroyed To po To power o wer off the ff the personal personal computer computer be su be sure to re to terminate the spectrophotometer control and data terminate the spectrophotometer control and data processing program US Solutions program and then take processing program US Solutio...

Page 14: ...sm inadvertently High v High voltag oltage e 100V 100V Can cause fatal or Can cause fatal or serious injury serious injury Before removing light source Before removing light source cover turn power switch off cover turn power switch off Never release safety Never release safety mechanism inadvertently mechanism inadvertently High High tempe temperatur rature e can cause burns can cause burns Light...

Page 15: ... 4 TECHNICAL SEMINARS AND TRAINING TECHNICAL SEMINARS AND TRAINING COURSES FOR USERS COURSES FOR USERS IMPORTANT 4 IMPORTANT 4 OTHER PRECAUTIONS OTHER PRECAUTIONS IMPORTANT 5 IMPORTANT 5 1 1 Handling Handling of Chemi of Chemicals and cals and Samples Samples IMPORTANT 5 IMPORTANT 5 2 2 Notice o Notice on Instruction n Instruction Manuals Manuals IMPORTANT 5 IMPORTANT 5 3 3 Trademark A Trademark A...

Page 16: ...n On Power Power 1 11 1 11 1 12 1 12 Installation Installation of of UV UV Solutions Solutions Program Program 1 11 1 11 1 13 1 13 Shutdown Shutdown of of Instrument Instrument 1 12 1 12 2 FUNCTION 2 FUNCTION 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Instrument Instrument Configuration Configuration 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 Name Name and and Function Function of of Each Each Part Part 2 2 2 2 2 3 Application 2 3 Application 2 4 2 4...

Page 17: ... 3 3 4 3 3 Baseline Baseline Flatness Flatness 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Periodical Periodical Maintenance Maintenance 4 7 4 7 4 4 1 4 4 1 Cleaning Cleaning of of Sample Sample Compartmen Compartment t 4 7 4 7 4 4 2 4 4 2 Cleaning Cleaning of of Sample Sample Compartment Compartment Window Window Plate Plate 4 9 4 9 4 5 4 5 Check Check of of Lamp Lamp ON ON Time Time 4 10 4 10 4 6 Storage 4 6 Storage 4 11 4...

Page 18: ...m spectrophotometer and place it eter and place it on a table on a table Take utmost care when taking out the instrument Take utmost care when taking out the instrument Figure 1 1 shows Figure 1 1 shows the Model U 2810 Spectrophotometer the Model U 2810 Spectrophotometer The figure is applicable to other models as well The figure is applicable to other models as well Fig Fig 1 1 1 1 Mode Mode U 2...

Page 19: ...ated frequency rated frequency 200 VA or more excluding power for computer and printer 200 VA or more excluding power for computer and printer For use with a For use with a personal computer printer and other peripheral personal computer printer and other peripheral devices it is recommended to provide a devices it is recommended to provide a power capacity of power capacity of 500 VA or more 500 ...

Page 20: ...rating Humidity Humidity 45 45 to to 85 85 3 3 Storage Storage Temperature Temperature 20 20 to to 70 70 C C 4 Atmosphere 4 Atmosphere The in The installation stallation room sh room should b ould be free e free from the from the following following Acidic alkalin Acidic alkaline and other gase e and other gases which may corro s which may corrode de metals significantly metals significantly Gaseo...

Page 21: ...h frequency electric furnace or welding machine high frequency electric furnace or pole transformer for pole transformer for example example e e The installatio The installation site should b n site should be free from excessiv e free from excessive dust e dust f f The The instrument instrument should should be be free free from from abrupt abrupt variation variation in in power supply voltage pow...

Page 22: ...ectric shock resulting in fatal or serious injury an electric shock resulting in fatal or serious injury Do not connect the power cord to the outlet until t Do not connect the power cord to the outlet until the he assembly work is assembly work is finished finished The light source switching mirror in The light source switching mirror in the light source compartment the light source compartment is...

Page 23: ...n fatal or seri or serious in ous injury jury Make Make sure the power switch is OFF before the cable connection sure the power switch is OFF before the cable connection and connect the power cord last and connect the power cord last Fig Fig 1 3 1 3 Connection Connection of of Cords Cords To AC power supply To AC power supply C Co om mm mu un ni ic ca at ti io on n c ca ab bl le e P Pr ri in nt te...

Page 24: ...able voltage of Confirm the power supply voltage and the usable voltage of the the spectrophotom spectrophotometer which is eter which is indicated near its power plug indicated near its power plug NOTICE NOTICE When When 100 100 or or 115 115 V V is is indicated indicated the the instrument instrument is unusable on a 200 V power line is unusable on a 200 V power line Voltage changeover is requir...

Page 25: ... f Make sure that the capacity of the fuse meets the line voltage use meets the line voltage to be used to be used Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Model Model Voltage Voltage Fuse Fuse Capacity Capacity Part Part No No U 2810 U 2810 100 100 V V line line 100 100 115 115 V V 200 V line 220 230 240 V 200 V line 220 230 240 V 3 15 3 15 A A time time lag lag J821336 J821336 ...

Page 26: ...nto the con the connector nector of the of the main main unit unit 2 2 When When using using a pl a plug ad ug adapter apter or tabl or table tap e tap securely securely connect connect its grounding wire to the its grounding wire to the grounding terminal grounding terminal Fig Fig 1 5 1 5 Grounding Grounding Connection Connection GROUND GROUND Power outlet Power outlet Grounding Grounding termin...

Page 27: ...nge for trans for transport is port is removed removed from the from the light light source switching lever source switching lever 3 3 Check Check if the if the power power supply supply voltage voltage is con is confirmed firmed and and set set properly properly 4 4 Check Check if if the the power power cord cord is is connected connected properly properly Check if the Check if the grounding wire...

Page 28: ...he the power power switch switch of th of the sp e spectrophotomete ectrophotometer ma r main in unit unit 3 3 Turn Turn on on the p the power ower switch switch of of the the LCD LCD monitor monitor 4 4 Turn Turn on on the the power power switch switch of th of the p e personal ersonal computer computer 1 12 1 12 Installation Installation of of UV UV Solutions Solutions Program Program Refer to S...

Page 29: ...ed 2 2 Turn Turn off th off the P e POWER OWER switch switch of the of the spectrophotome spectrophotometer m ter main ain unit unit 3 3 Click Click the the Start Start button of the Windows XP and select Shut button of the Windows XP and select Shut Down Down Windows Windows In th In the Sh e Shut D ut Down own Windows Windows dialog dialog box box select Shut down the select Shut down the comput...

Page 30: ...and ter main unit and data processing unit data processing unit Figure 2 1 shows the appearance of the Figure 2 1 shows the appearance of the instrument instrument Fig Fig 2 1 2 1 Appearance Appearance of of Model Model U 2810 U 2810 Spectrophotomet Spectrophotometer er Data processing unit Data processing unit personal computer personal computer Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer main unit main ...

Page 31: ...t the rear and a sample to be rectangular cell holder at the rear and a sample to be measured at the sample side rectangular cell holder at measured at the sample side rectangular cell holder at the the front normally front normally 2 2 RUN RUN Lamp Lamp Indicates whether the computer incorporated in the Indicates whether the computer incorporated in the spectrophotom spectrophotometer main unit i...

Page 32: ...ice 4 4 PC PC connector connector RS 232C RS 232C Used for communication with the personal computer Used for communication with the personal computer Fig 2 4 Fig 2 4 5 5 POWER POWER switch switch Power switch of the Power switch of the spectrophotome spectrophotometer main unit ter main unit Power is supplied by turning on Power is supplied by turning on this switch this switch 3 ACC connector 3 A...

Page 33: ...ere where ε ε is a constant known as is a constant known as absorptivity which varies absorptivity which varies according to the sample according to the sample Equation 1 represents the Bouguer Beer s law and t Equation 1 represents the Bouguer Beer s law and t indicates indicates a transmittance which is often expressed as t a transmittance which is often expressed as t 100 T T 100 T T Also the c...

Page 34: ...g 2 5 2 5 Bouguer Beer s Bouguer Beer s Law Law Optical path length Optical path length l l Transpare Transparent nt cell cell Liquid Liquid Monochromatic Monochromatic beam beam Concentration Concentration c c l l0 0 l lt t ...

Page 35: ...ptical system has the following features following features 1 1 The The Seya Namiok Seya Namioka a mount mount optical optical system system utilizing utilizing Hitachi s Hitachi s reputable concave diffraction grating realizes a reputable concave diffraction grating realizes a monochroma monochromator featuring a high tor featuring a high energy efficiency and a low energy efficiency and a low st...

Page 36: ...1 Lens 1 D D2 2 lamp lamp Condensing Condensing mirror mirror WI lamp WI lamp Entrance Entrance slit slit RS 232C RS 232C Signal Processing and Control Unit Signal Processing and Control Unit Spectrophotomete Spectrophotometer Main r Main Unit Unit Monochro Monochro mator mator mechanism mechanism MPU MPU RAM RAM Bus line Bus line Battery Battery Input Output Devices Input Output Devices Computer ...

Page 37: ... on t n te etr tra ac ch hl lo or ri id de e Benzene Benzene Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl ethyl ketone Acetone Acetone Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide Note that equations 1 and 2 in 2 3 are not Note that equations 1 and 2 in 2 3 are not applicable to the applicable to the following special samples following special samples Fluorescing Fluorescing sample sample Appreciably Appreciably turbid turbid...

Page 38: ...emeasu by remeasuring a ring a particular standard particular standard c c It is It is possible possible to displ to display a ay a calibration calibration curve o curve on the n the screen and read out a value of each point using the screen and read out a value of each point using the cursor cursor d d A calibr A calibration cur ation curve can ve can be outp be output to ut to the prin the print...

Page 39: ...ings can be carried out on processings can be carried out on saved data saved data Automatic Automatic reading reading of of data data The cursor is The cursor is indicated on the currently displayed spectrum indicated on the currently displayed spectrum The photometric value at the cursor position can be read out The photometric value at the cursor position can be read out Peak Peak detection det...

Page 40: ...AM of the backup RAM of the spectrophotome spectrophotometer ter main unit and thus is not erased even when the power is turned main unit and thus is not erased even when the power is turned off off System System baseline baseline User User baseline baseline The spectrophotometer is provided with The spectrophotometer is provided with the following calibration the following calibration and self di...

Page 41: ... reproducibility ility 0 001 0 001 Abs Abs 0 0 to to 0 5 0 5 Abs Abs 0 002 Abs 0 5 to 1 0 Abs 0 002 Abs 0 5 to 1 0 Abs 0 004 Abs 1 0 to 2 0 Abs 0 004 Abs 1 0 to 2 0 Abs 0 1 T 0 1 T Baseline Baseline flatness flatness 0 002 0 002 Abs Abs 200 200 to to 950 950 nm nm Baseline Baseline stability stability Within Within 0 0003 0 0003 Abs hr Abs hr 2 2 hours hours after after power power on on Noise Noi...

Page 42: ...e For accurate measuremen measurement of a t of a sample hi sample high in gh in absorbance absorbance low in low in transmittance transmittance When an When an error messa error message Calib ge Calibrate appea rate appears as sh rs as shown in own in Fig 3 1 Fig 3 1 Fig 3 1 Fig 3 1 NOTICE NOTICE Before Before carrying carrying out out instrument instrument calibration calibration wait wait until...

Page 43: ...ibration For wavelength calibration use the bright line 656 1 nm For wavelength calibration use the bright line 656 1 nm of the of the D D2 2 lamp light source lamp lamp light source lamp Make sure that there Make sure that there is nothing in the is nothing in the sample compartment and sample compartment and securely securely close close the sa the sample mple compartment compartment lid lid Aft...

Page 44: ...nd from the Baseline command from the Spectrophotom Spectrophotometer menu eter menu The window shown in Fig The window shown in Fig 3 3 then appears 3 3 then appears Fig Fig 3 3 3 3 Record Record Baseline Baseline 2 2 Select Select System System and and click click the the OK OK button button Set Set the the parameters as shown below and save the parameters as shown below and save the baseline ba...

Page 45: ...e wavelength accuracy in the procedure given below under the condition that the under the condition that the following preparatio following preparations have been ns have been made made a a The s The spectrophotome pectrophotometer is ter is powered powered on on b b The The computer computer is is powered powered on on c c Initialize Initialize the spectro the spectrophotometer photometer to call...

Page 46: ...itor tab pag b page as e as shown shown in in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Table Table 4 2 4 2 Monitor Monitor Tab Tab Parameter Setting Parameter Setting Max 100 Max 100 Min 0 Min 0 Open data processing Open data processing window after acquisition window after acquisition On On Open data processing Open data processing window after window after acquisition Overlay acquisition Overlay Off Off Print report...

Page 47: ... spectrum is is displayed displayed Check Check the peak the peak value value in the in the peak ta peak table ble If the If the peak val peak value ue is in a range of 655 8 to is in a range of 655 8 to 656 4 nm the wavelength accuracy 656 4 nm the wavelength accuracy is norm is normal al If the If the peak va peak value is lue is out of out of the ran the range proce ge proceed to ed to the next...

Page 48: ...cified specified performance performance is is not o not obtained btained contact contact Hitachi Hitachi High Techno High Technologies Corporation service logies Corporation service office office The baseline flatness includes baseline drift and noise The baseline flatness includes baseline drift and noise Before checking the baseline flatness warm up the Before checking the baseline flatness war...

Page 49: ...wn in Table 4 6 Table 4 6 Table Table 4 6 4 6 Monitor Monitor Tab Tab Parameter Setting Parameter Setting Max 0 005 Max 0 005 Min 0 005 Min 0 005 Open data processing window Open data processing window after acquisition after acquisition On On Open data processing window Open data processing window after after acquisition Ove acquisition Overlay rlay Off Off Print Print report report after after d...

Page 50: ...aseline flatness is normal if within 0 002 Abs in a The baseline flatness is normal if within 0 002 Abs in a range of 200 to 950 nm range of 200 to 950 nm Note that a large disturbance in the vicinity of 340 390 600 Note that a large disturbance in the vicinity of 340 390 600 or 780 nm is caused by a or 780 nm is caused by a shock at switching of the light shock at switching of the light source so...

Page 51: ...ompartment should be dried sufficiently dried sufficiently and then assembled and then assembled Fig Fig 4 3 4 3 Detachment Detachment of of Sample Sample Compartment Compartment Lid Lid Fig Fig 4 4 4 4 Removal Removal of of Rectangular Rectangular Cell Cell Holder Holder 4 4 1 4 4 1 Cleaning Cleaning of of Sample Sample Compartment Compartment 1 1 Completely Completely loosen loosen the the retai...

Page 52: ...hment of of Specimen Specimen Chamber Chamber Bottom Bottom Plate Plate Remove the Remove the retaining retaining screw with the screw with the furnished furnished Phillips screwdriver Phillips screwdriver Holder base Holder base Specimen chamber Specimen chamber bottom plate bottom plate Detach the bottom Detach the bottom plate by lifting it plate by lifting it ...

Page 53: ... use adhesive difficult to detach the transparent window use adhesive tape as shown in Fig 4 7 tape as shown in Fig 4 7 NOTICE NOTICE When When setting setting the the transparent transparent window window back back to to the the sample compartment take care not to sample compartment take care not to leave leave fingerprints on the fingerprints on the window window Fig Fig 4 7 4 7 Detachment Detac...

Page 54: ...unction function is p is provided rovided with with the M the Model odel U 2810 U 2810 Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer For check select the For check select the Lamp Usage command from the Lamp Usage command from the Spectrophoto Spectrophotometer meter menu menu Fig Fig 4 8 4 8 Lamp Lamp Usage Usage For lamp replacement refer to 5 3 For lamp replacement refer to 5 3 After lamp repla After lam...

Page 55: ...nt flowing into the instrument 4 4 When When moving moving the the instrument instrument to to the s the storage torage area area it is it is necessary to fasten the necessary to fasten the light source switching mirror light source switching mirror The instrument may develop trouble due to The instrument may develop trouble due to shock or shock or vibration vibration if mo if moved ved without w...

Page 56: ...xecute the zero T Execute the zero T measurement and calibrate measurement and calibrate wavelength wavelength Contact Contact the the nearest Hitachi High nearest Hitachi High Technologies Corporation agent Technologies Corporation agent if the error message is if the error message is displayed displayed again again 3 3 D D2 2 lamp or WI lamp lamp or WI lamp appears on screen appears on screen La...

Page 57: ...g following parts parts are are consumables consumables To p To prepare repare spare spare parts parts contact your local Hitachi sales representative or nearest Hitachi contact your local Hitachi sales representative or nearest Hitachi service office service office WI lamp P N 122 2301 WI lamp P N 122 2301 D D2 2 lamp lamp P N 122 P N 122 2300 2300 Guaranteed Life of Lamp Guaranteed Life of Lamp ...

Page 58: ...switch power switch When attachi When attaching a n ng a new lamp ew lamp be sure be sure to wear to wear clean clean gloves so as not to leave fingerprints on the lamp gloves so as not to leave fingerprints on the lamp Don t leave fingerprints on the projecting part of the D Don t leave fingerprints on the projecting part of the D2 2 lamp lamp When ch When checking l ecking lamp ign amp ignition ...

Page 59: ... Replacement of of WI WI Lamp Lamp 4 4 Replaceme Replacement nt of of D D2 2 Lamp Lamp a a Pull Pull out out the the D D2 2 Lamp connector Lamp connector b b Hold Hold the the metal metal part part of th of the D e D2 2 lamp and turn it lamp and turn it counterclockwi counterclockwise until it se until it is separated from the is separated from the lamp lamp holder holder Fig Fig 5 3 5 3 Replaceme...

Page 60: ... a new new D D2 2 lamp by lamp by reversing the procedure reversing the procedure described above described above d d Plug Plug in in the the D D2 2 lamp connector as shown in Fig 5 4 lamp connector as shown in Fig 5 4 Fig 5 4 Fig 5 4 5 5 Put Put back back the the light light source source cover cover ...

Page 61: ...Check Check of spe of specified cified performance performance 4 1 4 1 Cleaning Cleaning of sample c of sample compartment ompartment 4 7 4 7 Consumabl Consumables es 5 1 5 1 Control Control system system 2 6 2 6 D D Data Data mode mode 2 10 2 10 Derivative Derivative 2 10 2 10 E E Error Error message message 3 1 3 1 Exit Exit 1 12 1 12 F F File File conversion conversion 2 11 2 11 Frequency Frequ...

Page 62: ...intenance Maintenance and and inspection inspection 4 1 4 1 Measuremen Measurement t mode mode 2 9 2 9 2 12 2 12 Monitor Monitor tab tab 4 2 4 2 4 5 4 5 N N Noise Noise level level 2 12 2 12 O O Optical Optical system system 2 6 2 6 P P PC PC connector connector 2 3 2 3 POWER POWER switch switch 2 3 2 3 Peak Peak detection detection 2 10 2 10 Periodical Periodical inspection inspection 4 7 4 7 Pho...

Page 63: ...are Spare parts parts 5 1 5 1 Spectrum Spectrum band band width width 4 4 4 4 Spectrum Spectrum calculation calculation 2 11 2 11 Standard Standard 2 2 2 2 Standard Standard deviation deviation 2 10 2 10 Statistic Statistic calculation calculation 2 10 2 10 Stray Stray light light 2 12 2 12 System System baseline baseline 3 3 3 3 T T Time Time scan scan 2 10 2 10 Troubleshoo Troubleshooting ting t...

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