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Genie Color Series-GigE Vision Camera

Index



129

Index

1

12-pin male Hirose connector, 102

8

8-bit LUT, 59

A

Acquisition events, 69
administrator, 21
AUTORUN, 21, 22

B

back focal length, 108

C

cable mating connector, 102
camera configuration, 32
camera interfacing tool, 93
camera state LED, 23
camera status, 106
CamExpert parameters, 28
CCD Technology Primer, 106
command jitter, 43
Communication problems, 123
Components Express Inc., 113
controlling event, 43

D

DALSA Network tool, 89
debounce circuit, 51
device discovery, 28
Device reset complete, 27
DHCP, 25
DHCP server, 89, 90
DHCP/LLA, 26
diagnostic LED, 20
dropping packets, 71
Dust problems, 111

E

Edge Pre-select, 45
effective focal length, 108
embedded processing, 59
error saving user settings, 33
Ethernet cable type, 105

Ethernet link speed, 123
event modes, 53
event notification, 104
events, 69
exposure duration, 44
exposure period, 123
Exposure time granularity, 48
external trigger, 123

F

fast frame rate, 39
fastest frame rates, 44
feature availability, 82
feature interdependence, 82
feature type, 73
fiber-optic light sources, 106
firewall exceptions, 20
firmware update, 20, 27
flat field correction, 60
flat field correction preparations, 61
flow control protocol, 116
focal point, 108
frame rate limits, 116
Frame Trigger modes, 43
free running mode, 44

G

gain and black level, 37
gamma adjustments, 59
GenICam Specification, 7, 10
Genie - GigE Vision Compliant, 20
Genie connectors, 23
Genie flash memory, 26
Genie identifier, 28
Genie parameters, 73
Genie rear view, 23
Genie software package, 21
Gigabit NIC, 19
GigE server, 22
GigE Server, 22
GigE server tray icon, 22, 25, 119, 120, 121
GigE Vision compliant, 25
GigE Vision Parameters, 70
GigE Vision Specification, 6, 10

H

halogen light sources, 106
heartbeat timeout, 71
high EMI, 123
high frame rate, 39
Hirose HR10A-10P-12S, 23
histogram tool, 64
hot mirror, 108
HTML help, 7

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Summary of Contents for Genie Color C1280

Page 1: ...Genie Color Series Camera User s Manual Genie Framework 1 80 C640 C1024 C1280 C1400 C1410 C1600 GigE Vision Area Scan Camera CA GENM CUM00 www imaging com ...

Page 2: ...eir respective owners Document Date October 13 2010 Document Number CA GENM CUM00 CA GENM CUM00 About DALSA DALSA is an international high performance semiconductor and electronics company that designs develops manufactures and markets digital imaging products and solutions in addition to providing wafer foundry services DALSA Digital Imaging offers the widest range of machine vision components in...

Page 3: ...ment 18 INSTALLING THE GENIE CAMERA 19 WARNING GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS 19 GIGE NETWORK ADAPTER GUIDELINE 19 Supported Network Configurations 19 INSTALLATION OVERVIEW PREPARATIONS 20 Network and Computer Overview 20 Installation Overview 20 Preventing Operational Faults due to ESD 21 SAPERA LT LIBRARY INSTALLATION 21 GENIE CD PACKAGE INSTALLATION 22 Procedure 22 GigE Server Verification 22 CONNECT T...

Page 4: ...oupler Debounce Circuit 51 General Inputs Settings Via CamExpert 51 Input Controls via Sapera LT or GigE Vision Compliant Applications 52 STROBE AND GENERAL OUTPUTS 53 General Outputs Settings via CamExpert 53 Open and Close Output Settings 53 Strobe On Start of Exposure Event Mode 54 Pulse On Valid Trigger Event Mode 55 Pulse On Invalid Trigger Event Mode 55 Pulse On Start of Readout Event Mode 5...

Page 5: ...5 Accessing the Genie User Buffer 86 NETWORK OVERVIEW TOOLS 89 GENIE IP CONFIGURATION MODE DETAILS 89 Link Local Address LLA 89 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 90 Persistent IP 91 SAPERA CAMEXPERT GUIDE 93 USING CAMEXPERT WITH GENIE COLOR CAMERAS 93 CamExpert Panes 94 CamExpert LUT Controls 95 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 97 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS 97 Genie 3D View with C mount and CS mount...

Page 6: ... EC FCC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 116 TROUBLESHOOTING 117 OVERVIEW 117 Problem Type Summary 117 Verifying Network Parameters 119 Before Contacting Technical Support 119 INSTALLATION ISSUES AND FUNCTIONAL PROBLEMS 119 The Windows Firewall Service Can Not Start 119 DEVICE AVAILABLE WITH OPERATIONAL ISSUES 120 Firmware Updates 120 Power Failure During a Firmware Update Now What 120 Cabling and Commun...

Page 7: ... to the host PC All Genie cameras are supported by DALSA Sapera LT software libraries featuring CamExpert for simplified camera set up and configuration Sapera LT is field proven in thousands of robust industrial applications Hardware independent Sapera LT delivers the same reliable performance regardless of the image acquisition device being used This unique feature allows OEM s to start using th...

Page 8: ...the host computer NIC through a GigE network switch Available in variety of resolutions Lookup table pre processing Real time shading correction i e Flat Field processing Horizontal Flip function Supports several trigger modes for image capture control 2 opto isolated inputs 2 opto isolated outputs Native Trigger to Image Reliability design framework Visual status LEDs on camera back plate 1µs int...

Page 9: ...f the Sapera network Imaging Package Genie Imaging Driver and latest Genie Firmware Required installation Included with Genie distribution CD Sapera Runtime including CamExpert Included and installed if desired GenICam support XML camera description file Embedded within Genie Sapera LT version 6 10 or later Sapera 7 required for 64 bit support Provides everything you will need to develop imaging a...

Page 10: ...Correction Real time on camera Timestamp 1µs internal timer or external signal to timestamp images and events Test image Internal pattern generator User settings Select factory default or one user camera configuration Optical Interface Back Focal Distance C Mount 17 52 mm Back Focal Distance CS Mount 12 52 mm Mechanical Interface Camera Size 29 H x 44 W x 67 L in mm see Mechanical Specifications M...

Page 11: ...ty on page 116 RoHS Compliancy as per European directive 2002 95 EC applies to camera part numbers CR GENx xxxxx Vibration and Shock Certifications Test while operating Standard Description Sinusoidal vibrations with identification of critical frequencies IEC 68 2 6 1995 Test Fc Frequency range 10 to 2000 Hz Amplitude 5 m s2 Sweep rate 1 octave per minute Duration 1 sweep cycle to and fro Random v...

Page 12: ...fines device capabilities This description takes the form of an XML device description file respecting the syntax defined by the GenApi module of the GenICam specification For more information see www genicam org Genie Sensor Overview Each sensor description below provides a specification table and response graphic The graph describes the sensor RGB response to different wavelengths of light exclu...

Page 13: ...ry 10 seconds Maximum Frame Rate free running 64 fps Minimum Exposure 22μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 3 8μs Horizontal Line Time 32μs Pixel Size 9 9µm x 9 9µm Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as described...

Page 14: ...ry 10 seconds Maximum Frame Rate free running 64 fps Minimum Exposure 22μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 3 8μs Horizontal Line Time 32μs Pixel Size 7 4µm x 7 4µm Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as described...

Page 15: ...10 seconds Maximum Frame Rate free running 20 fps Minimum Exposure 44μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 7 65μs Horizontal Line Time 63 5μs Pixel Size 4 65μm H 4 65μm V Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as descr...

Page 16: ...10 seconds Maximum Frame Rate free running 24 36 fps Minimum Exposure 13μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 2 33μs Horizontal Line Time 42μs Pixel Size 3 75μm H 3 75μm V Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as desc...

Page 17: ...econds Maximum Frame Rate free running 15 fps Minimum Exposure 32μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 11 67μs Horizontal Line Time 59 7μs Pixel Size 4 65µm H x 4 65µm V Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as descri...

Page 18: ...econds Maximum Frame Rate free running 21 9 fps Minimum Exposure 32μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure 4 15μs Horizontal Line Time 44 2μs Pixel Size 6 45µm H x 6 45µm V Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as descr...

Page 19: ...0 seconds Maximum Frame Rate free running 15 fps Minimum Exposure 35μs Maximum Exposure 16 seconds note maximum exposures are susceptible to hot pixel noise Internal Trigger to Start of Exposure TBA Horizontal Line Time 53 3μs Pixel Size 4 40µm H x 4 40µm V Pixel Format 3x8 bit RGB primary color mosaic filters on chip Bayer Mosaic Arrangement Bayer Decoding Algorithm is SapBayer Method1 as describ...

Page 20: ...blob analysis search pattern recognition OCR and barcode decoding The following is a Sapera application functional block diagram The Genie Framework installation includes the Genie driver and the Sapera Network Imaging Package User s Sapera Application Sapera LT SDK Genie Driver GigE Server Sapera Network Imaging Driver CamExpert Ethernet Network Interface Card Network Configuration Tool Images Co...

Page 21: ... a variety of Gigabit network adapters both built into the system motherboard and as third party PCI adapters Supported Network Configurations The Genie obtains an IP address using the Link Local Address LLA or DHCP by default A LLA IP address is obtained in about 6 seconds with Microsoft Vista 7 or in about 1 minute with Microsoft XP If required a persistent IP address can be assigned see Running...

Page 22: ...not using a third party GigE Vision compliant package Also install Sapera Run time with CamExpert to control the Genie The Windows Firewall exceptions feature is automatically configured to allow the Sapera GigE Server to pass through the firewall Computers with VPN software virtual private network may need to have the VPN driver disabled in the NIC properties This would be required only on the NI...

Page 23: ... the Hirose connector shell at the Genie end The Genie case is now properly connected to earth ground and can withstand ESD of 8 kilovolts as tested by DALSA Method 2 Mount the Genie camera on a metallic platform which has a good connection to earth ground Sapera LT Library Installation Note to install Sapera LT and the Genie device driver logon to the workstation as an administrator or with an ac...

Page 24: ...h a Sapera application click to install Sapera LT run time which includes CamExpert Follow the on screen prompts and reboot when the installation is complete GigE Server Verification After a successful Genie Framework package installation the GigE Server icon is visible in the desktop taskbar tray area After connecting a camera see following section allow a few seconds for the GigE Server status t...

Page 25: ...uration Mode Details on page 89 See the next section Connectors on page 23 for an overview of the Genie interfaces Connectors The Genie has only two connectors A single RJ45 Ethernet connector for control and video data transmitted to from the host computer Gigabit NIC See Ruggedized RJ45 Ethernet Cables on page 112 for secure cables A single 12 pin Hirose male connector for camera power plus trig...

Page 26: ...rnet cable disconnected no link Steady Blue IP address assigned no application connected to the camera Steady Green Application connected Slow Flashing Green Triggered acquisition in progress Fast Flashing Green Free running acquisition in progress Once the Genie has its RJ45 connected to a network the Status LED will turn to steady blue when the IP address is assigned Only at this time will it be...

Page 27: ...ver Status Once the Genie is assigned an IP address its Status LED is steady blue the GigE server tray icon will not have a red X through it indicating that the Genie device was found It might take a few seconds for the GigE Server to refresh its state after the Genie has obtained an IP address Right click the GigE Server tray icon to open the following menu Click on Status to open a window listin...

Page 28: ...om the default of 15 seconds Configure the Windows firewall exception list Configure the NIC and camera IP settings Assign a User Defined name to a connected camera Assign a Persistent IP address to a camera instead of the default DHCP LLA assigned address Easily Configure the NIC as a DHCP server for connected GigE Vision camera Important Any changes made with this tool will update the Genie flas...

Page 29: ...the DALSA Device Manager program from the windows start menu Start Programs DALSA Genie Firmware Update The right hand column shows whether a firmware update is Required or Not Required If an update is required click on the Automatic button The Update Firmware manager dialog opens and the new firmware version is written to the Genie camera The manual button allows the user to select from multiple ...

Page 30: ...ated during the Genie software installation CamExpert will search for installed Sapera devices In the Device list area on the left side the connected Genie camera is shown or will be listed in a few seconds after CamExpert completes the automatic device search device discovery Select the Genie camera device by clicking on the camera user defined name By default the Genie camera is identified by it...

Page 31: ...e_Cnnn_x devices as an example Click on a Genie device user name to select it for control by CamExpert An imaging application uses any one of these attributes to identify a camera its IP address MAC address serial number or User Name Some important considerations are listed below Do not use the camera s IP address as identification unless it is a persistent IP since it can change with each power c...

Page 32: ... saved in the windows folder One simple method is to execute the Framework installer from within a batch file The batch file will have one command line As an example using the executable for Framework version 1 30 the command line is Genie_1 30 00 0171 Release exe r Important The executable name is enclosed in quotation marks This is required because of the space characters in the Genie Framework ...

Page 33: ...e features with the exception of the DeviceUserId are read only Sapera LT or GigE Vision compliant calls are used to retrieve this information and correctly identify the camera along with its characteristics Following is an overview of CamExpert displaying this information followed by tables with the feature name associated to Sapera LT and to GigE Vision compliant development environments Access ...

Page 34: ...guration Click Setting to open the Power up configuration dialog box which allows you to specify camera power up configuration For more information see Power up Configuration on page 32 Power up Configuration Saved User Settings The Power up configuration dialog allows you to specify the camera configuration to load when powering up the camera The Genie camera flash memory contains two possible co...

Page 35: ...p Table function On or Off plus the LUT data Flat Field Correction FFC function On or Off plus the offset gain data see warning below Warning Non typical or invalid Flat Field data either from a faulty calibration setup or uploaded by the user may cause an error when trying to save the User Settings Power up Parameters Such flawed Flat Field data is useable during camera operation but cannot be su...

Page 36: ...ceModelName Name of the camera model DeviceVersion Displays the device version which includes the firmware release and build DeviceFirmwareVersion Displays the currently loaded firmware version manufacturer s code DeviceID Displays the factory set camera serial number DeviceUserID A user set ID of up to 15 characters By default this field is set to the serial number of the camera DeviceScanType Ar...

Page 37: ... and to GigE Vision compliant development environments Sensor Parameters Controls Via CamExpert The Sensor Parameters tab groups the parameters related to the camera sensor configuration Read Only Parameters Parameter Description Device Scan Type Displays the device scan type Possible values are area scan or linescan This is always area scan for Genie Color Type Displays the color type of the sens...

Page 38: ...tical Ramp Grey Diagonal Ramp Moving Purity Color For more information see Internal Image Test Patterns on page 67 Exposure Control Click Setting to open the Exposure Control dialog For more information see Exposure Controls on page 44 Color Calibration The Genie color series of cameras designed for machine vision applications do not implement a dynamic full time white balance function Unlike cons...

Page 39: ...is can not be easily accessed Features and limitations are described below Gain is expressed in decibels dB Range from 6dB to 12dB in 0 1dB increments Gain is a multiplication factor to the analog signal i e exposure before digitization Note that a gain of 6dB is a multiplier of 2 doubles the level Increasing gain increases the amplitude of the analog video signal but also increases the sensor ana...

Page 40: ...steps GainGreen Amplification in dB from 0 to 12 0 dB 0 1dB steps GainBlue Amplification in dB from 0 to 12 0 dB 0 1dB steps Gain Amplification in dB from 6 0 to 12 0 dB 0 1dB steps BlackLevel DC offset in 1 16th of DN range from 128 to 127 In CamExpert these parameters are available under the Sensor tab See Accessing Features with Sapera LT on page 73 XML features for Gain and Black level GainSel...

Page 41: ...can Vertical Partial Scan Illustration Increased Maximum Frame Rate Examples with Vertical Cropping Vertical Lines Acquired C640 Maximum Frame Rate C1024 Maximum Frame Rate C1280 Maximum Frame Rate C1400 Maximum Frame Rate C1410 Maximum Frame Rate C1600 Maximum Frame Rate 1200 15 1 fps 1024 15 fps 21 7 fps 17 4 fps 960 22 fps 17 fps 21 0 fps 17 9 fps 768 20 fps 28 fps 20 fps 28 2 fps 22 1 fps 512 ...

Page 42: ...the frame rate value examples above and allows the user to visually estimate frame rates for a chosen vertical crop value Frame Rates 0 0 100 0 200 0 300 0 400 0 500 0 600 0 700 0 2 3 0 6 0 1 2 0 2 4 0 4 8 0 5 1 2 7 6 8 9 6 0 1 0 2 4 1 2 0 0 Vertical Lines Captured FPS C640 C1024 C1280 C1400 C1410 C1600 ...

Page 43: ... maximum frame rate due to the CCD readout architecture Horizontal Crop Horizontal Scan offset Active Horizontal Scan Horizontal Partial Scan Illustration Window ROI Vertical and Horizontal Cropping can be combined to grab only a region of interest ROI Besides eliminating post acquisition image cropping done by software in the host computer a windowed ROI grab reduces the bandwidth required on the...

Page 44: ...nd Window ROI Width Width of image region of interest must be an even value Height Height of image region of interest OffsetX Left coordinate of region of interest must be an even value OffsetY Top coordinate of region of interest LinePitch Distance between consecutive lines in bytes PixelFormat Format of the image pixels as per SFNC specification PixelCoding Feature indicates the coding of the im...

Page 45: ...age by the controlling computer These triggering modes are described below Free running trigger disabled The Genie free running mode has a programmable internal timer for frame rate and a programmable exposure period Frame rate is 0 1 fps to the maximum supported by the sensor Exposures range from the sensor minimum to a maximum also dependent on the current frame rate This always uses Synchronous...

Page 46: ...idth Following are details for each mode Note Do not change the exposure time while grabbing else an Invalid Trigger Event may be generated This applies to any exposure mode or trigger source The Invalid Trigger Event is not catastrophic and only indicates the loss of a video frame Stopping acquisitions first will avoid this error Free running Programmable Exposure Genie is in a multifunctional fr...

Page 47: ...nimum see Genie Sensor Overview to 16 seconds 1μs steps Supports Synchronous Mode on page 48 timing for fastest possible frame rates Start of exposure is aligned on the next horizontal line while exposure duration granularity is 1µs Exposure and sensor readout can be concurrent Supports Reset Mode on page 49 timing Exposure granularity is 1µs Exposure and sensor readout must be sequential limiting...

Page 48: ...e can be selected as either the low high or high low transition No delay from active trigger edge to start of exposure Note that the user must account for the input opto coupler electrical specifications see External Inputs on page 103 Exposure is stopped by the opposite edge on the trigger signal Therefore the exposure time is defined by the trigger pulse duration Supports Reset Mode on page 49 t...

Page 49: ...posureDelay The delay from active trigger edge to start of exposure AcquisitionFrameRateRaw Controls the desired frame rate of the camera in mHz 0 001 Hz Only available when trigger is disabled AcquisitionFrameRateAbs Controls the desired frame rate of the camera in Hz Only available when the frame trigger is disabled AcquisitionFrameCount Number of frames to be acquired in MultiFrame acquisition ...

Page 50: ...tarts the exposure period aligned to the sensor horizontal line timing and the programmable duration granularity is 1µs In the case of the Genie C640 a horizontal line occurs every 31 77µs Exposure duration is from the sensor minimum see Genie Sensor Overview up to 16 sec In this mode sensor exposure and sensor readout of the previous frame s exposure occur simultaneously This allows operating the...

Page 51: ...ximum frame rate is lower than for Synchronous mode Any external trigger received before the previous exposure read out sequence is complete is ignored An application can elect to receive messages about ignored triggers See Events on page 69 Reset Mode Timing example for Genie C640 Synchronization Mode via Sapera LT or GigE Vision Compliant Applications Sapera Genie Sapera parameters for Synchroni...

Page 52: ... function is described below using Input 1 as the selected example applies to Input 2 also For correct timestamp counter operation do not use the same external signal input for both the reset and counter source Case 1 Input 1 polarity setting Active High Input 1 signal High Timestamp function is enabled Case 2 Input 1 polarity setting Active High Input 1 signal Low Timestamp is held in Reset count...

Page 53: ...uit following the opto couple to eliminate short noise transitions that could be wrongly interpreted as a valid pulse The duration is user programmable from 1µs to 255µs with CamExpert Note the external trigger input propagation delay is dependent on the signal used to activate the opto coupled input Typical delays are 3 µs for Active Open and 5 µs for Active Close General Inputs Settings Via CamE...

Page 54: ...urce Line2 1 Software 2 TriggerActivation LevelLow 0 LevelHigh 1 RisingEdge FallingEdge AnyEdge TriggerDelayAbs Absolute delay to apply in us after reception of the trigger signal before starting exposure TriggerDelayRaw Absolute delay to apply in us after reception of the trigger signal before starting exposure GevTimestampTickFrequency 64 bit value indicating the number of timestamp clock ticks ...

Page 55: ... the Event mode drop down list box to select the required event mode The following output signal events are available Open default Close Strobe On Start of Exposure used for strobe pulse Pulse On Valid Trigger Pulse On Invalid Trigger Pulse On Start of Readout Pulse On End of Readout Pulse On End of Acquisition Pulse On Input 1 Pulse On Input 2 When an event mode is selected its trigger output sch...

Page 56: ... using the Genie output pin The exposure delay parameter is specified using the Sensor Parameters tab Exposure Control setting For Synchronous mode the exposure start timing is aligned to the line period of the sensor This can delay the start of exposure by an amount of up to 31 77µs for the Genie C640 For more information on exposure synchronous time see Exposure Controls on page 44 ...

Page 57: ... valid input trigger is received Pulse On Invalid Trigger Event Mode This event mode generates an output signal when an invalid input trigger is received An invalid trigger is any trigger received while the camera is engaged in frame acquisition exposure and readout and cannot accept trigger inputs This is shown by the trigger exclusion region in the following diagram ...

Page 58: ...t Mode The Pulse On Start of Readout event mode generates an output signal when the camera begins a readout operation from the sensor Pulse On End of Readout Event Mode The Pulse On End of Readout event mode generates an output signal when the camera finishes a readout operation from the sensor ...

Page 59: ...Event Mode The Pulse On End of Acquisition event mode generates an output signal when the acquisition process is terminated using software Pulse On Input 1 or Input 2 Event Modes The Pulse On Input 1 or Input 2 event modes generate an output signal when the specified input signal is asserted ...

Page 60: ...rt pulse output PulseDurationOutput_x Pulse duration in µs PolarityOutput_x Active Close 0 Active Open 1 XML features for Strobe and General Outputs OutputLineSelector Index to select output line output 1 0 output 2 1 OutputLineMode SoftwareDriven 0 EventDriven 1 OutputLineEventSource Event generating output line pulse StartOfTrigger 0 StartOfExposure 1 StartOfReadout 3 EndOfReadout 4 EndOfAcquisi...

Page 61: ...ber of built in LUT operations for the user to explore see CamExpert LUT Controls on page 95 For color sensors the LUT table is a RGB 8 bit LUT 8 bit in 8 bit out for R G and B as illustrated in the following figure Pixel data when read out of the sensor is passed through the LUT memory array where the new programmed pixel value is then passed to the Genie output circuit The LUT data table is stor...

Page 62: ...era stores flat field correction data until power off or in its user setting state for recall at any time see Power up Configuration on page 32 Flat field correction data is composed of 8 bit gain and 8 bit offset coefficients The CamExpert Flat Field Correction tool or Sapera Flat Field Demo allows calibrating saving and loading the flat field calibration data for any Genie camera being controlle...

Page 63: ...togram tool as described below Set up Dark and Bright Acquisitions with the Histogram Tool Before performing calibration verify Genie acquisition with a live grab Also at this time make preparations to grab a flat light gray level image required for the calibration such as a clean evenly lighted white wall or non glossy paper with the lens slightly out of focus Ideally a controlled diffused light ...

Page 64: ...n accounts for a small number of hot or stuck pixels pixels that do not react to light over the full dynamic range specified for that sensor Verify a Bright Acquisition Aim the camera at a diffused light source or evenly lit white wall with no shadows falling on it Using CamExpert click on the grab button and then the histogram button Use the lens iris to adjust for a bright gray approximately aro...

Page 65: ...ion so as to be able to repeat it during the calibration procedure Flat Field Correction Calibration Procedure The following procedure uses the CamExpert Flat Field tool the Sapera Flat Field demo is similar Calibration is the process of taking two reference images one of a dark field one of a light gray field not saturated to generate correction data for images captured by Genie Each sensor pixel...

Page 66: ...s and then save the flat field correction data for the Genie used To aid in determining if the reference images are valid a histogram tool is provided so that the user can review the images used for the correction data CamExpert Flat Field Calibration Menu Click on the Advanced Setting button to change the default number of frames averaged for each calibration step The default value is 10 frames S...

Page 67: ... UYVY or YUY2 Now when doing a live grab or snap the incoming image is corrected by the current flat field calibration data for each pixel Use the menu function Tools Flat Field Correction Load to load in a flat field correction image from previously saved calibration data CamExpert allows saving and loading calibration data for all cameras used with the imaging system Flat Field Correction Contro...

Page 68: ... simply accomplished by mounting the Genie camera upside down and by programming the camera to do a horizontal flip Genie provides identical mounting holes on both its top and bottom side to ease installations Mount Genie Upside Down Horizontal Flip Image Flip Illustrations Sapera Genie Sapera parameter for Image Flip ImageFlip disabled 0 horizontal 1 In CamExpert this feature is available in the ...

Page 69: ...mera lens or proper lighting The pattern generator inserts video just after the sensor A D converter therefore Genie processing such as the LUT act on the generator images or on sensor images CamExpert is used to easily enable and select the Genie test patterns As shown in the following figure select the Sensor tab then select one of the four patterns from the drop menu Select live grab to see the...

Page 70: ...urity a purity pattern where all pixels have the same value The gray value is incremented by one on successive frames to maximum then repeated This also provides motion for live grabs Color Genie outputs a static vertical stripe color bar pattern each color bar is 64 pixels across repeated to fill the acquisition width Test Image Select via Sapera LT or GigE Vision Compliant Applications Sapera Ge...

Page 71: ...w device such as a Genie has been connected while the Sapera application is running Resources are allocated for the device SapManager EventServerNotAccessible The device is not accessible device is disconnected Sapera resources for the device do not have to be destroyed if it is expected that the device will be reconnected SapManager EventServerAccessible The device is accessible again device reco...

Page 72: ...issues even with a GigE NIC port either built in or as a PCMCIA device This section describes optimizations for both desktop and laptop computers but laptops may require additional customization as described in the DALSA Network Imaging package manual CamExpert GigE Vision Parameters Genie GigE Vision parameters can be manually modified directly from CamExpert as described below Note that a number...

Page 73: ... capturing at 80 MB s can allow 25 of packet resends without exceeding 100 MB s about the maximum capacity of a gigabit Ethernet link Inter Packet Timeout in sec Specifies the inter packet timeout period used by the GigE server running on the host computer in seconds The inter packet timeout is the amount of time the GigE server will wait between successive packets If the inter packet timeout expi...

Page 74: ...s if DHCP is supported by the selected interface GevSupportedIPConfigurationPersistentIP Indicates if Persistent IP is supported by the selected interface GevCurrentIPConfiguration Current camera IP configuration of the selected interface GevCurrentIPAddress IP address of the selected interface GevCurrentSubnetMask Subnet mask of the selected interface GevCurrentDefaultGateway Default gateway of t...

Page 75: ...e parameters to control its operation The following tables group the Genie features by their feature type STRING ENUM INT32 BOOL and describe their possible values and limits Following the feature type tables Genie features are also summarized as function groups which allows quick review of features associated with operational functions such as trigger Accessing Features with Sapera LT When workin...

Page 76: ... RO Invalid STRING 255 255 0 0 R W in Persistent IP mode DefaultGateway RO Invalid STRING 0 0 0 0 R W in Persistent IP mode Feature Type ENUM Feature Name Acces s W mode Type Values Interface RO Invalid ENUM GigE Vision 0 DeviceScanType RO Invalid ENUM Area scan 0 Linescan 1 ColorType dependent on camera model RO Invalid ENUM Monochrome Sensor 0 CFA Bayer Sensor GR 1 CFA Bayer Sensor RG 2 current ...

Page 77: ...se On Valid Trigger 4 Pulse On Invalid Trigger 5 Pulse On Start of Readout 6 Pulse On End of Readout 7 Pulse On End of Acquisition 8 Pulse On Input 1 9 Pulse On Input 2 10 PolarityInput_1 RW Always ENUM Active High 0 Active Low 1 PolarityInput_2 RW Always ENUM Active High 0 Active Low 1 PolarityOutput_1 RW Always ENUM Active Close 0 Active Open 1 PolarityOutput_2 RW Always ENUM Active Close 0 Acti...

Page 78: ...1 Gain RW Always EXP10 1 0 min 60 max 120 inc 1 GainRed RW Always EXP10 1 0 min 0 max 120 inc 1 GainGreen RW Always EXP10 1 0 min 0 max 120 inc 1 GainBlue RW Always EXP10 1 0 min 0 max 120 inc 1 ExposureTime μS RW Always EXP10 6 16384 min 22 max 16000000 inc 1 TriggerDelayToIntegration μS RW N acq EXP10 6 0 min 0 max xxx inc 1 FramesPerTrigger RW Always EXP10 0 1 min 1 max 32767 inc 1 LUTNumberEnt...

Page 79: ...tusInput_1 RO Invalid EXP10 0 1 min 0 max 1 inc 1 InputPinStatusInput_2 RO Invalid EXP10 0 1 min 0 max 1 inc 1 Note 1 not displayed in CamExpert not saved in a camera configuration file CCF Feature Type BOOL Feature Name Access W mode Type Value Notes LUTEnable RW N conn BOOL True False TriggerEnable RW N acq BOOL True False TriggerSoftware RW Always BOOL True False AcquisitionArm WO N acq BOOL Tr...

Page 80: ... where features are listed by data type Device Feature Type Interface ENUM DeviceVendorName STRING DeviceModelName STRING DeviceVersion STRING FirmwareVersion STRING DeviceID STRING MACAddress STRING DeviceUserID STRING DeviceMaxThroughput INT32 TestImageSelector ENUM User Defined Buffers Feature Type UserBuffer Sapera buffer SaperaBufferFormat INT32 Sensor Feature Type DeviceScanType ENUM ColorTy...

Page 81: ...32 ImageFlip ENUM LUT Control Feature Type LUTEnable BOOL LUTFormat ENUM LUTNumberEntries INT32 LUTData Sapera buffer Flat Field Control Feature Type FlatFieldEnable BOOL FlatFieldCalibrationEnable BOOL FlatFieldFormat ENUM FlatFieldWidth INT32 FlatFieldHeight INT32 FlatFieldGainMin INT32 FlatFieldGainMax INT32 FlatFieldOffsetMin INT32 FlatFieldOffsetMax INT32 FlatFieldGainBuffer Sapera buffer Fla...

Page 82: ...pe PolarityInput_1 ENUM DebounceInput_1 INT32 InputPinStatusInput_1 INT32 PolarityInput_2 ENUM DebounceInput_2 INT32 InputPinStatusInput_2 INT32 OutputSelectorOutput_1 ENUM PulseDelayOutput_1 INT32 PulseDurationOutput_1 INT32 PolarityOutput_1 ENUM OutputSelectorOutput_2 ENUM PulseDelayOutput_2 INT32 PulseDurationOutput_2 INT32 PolarityOutput_2 ENUM Time Stamp Control Feature Type TimestampCounter ...

Page 83: ...s STRING SubnetMask STRING DefaultGateway STRING InterPacketDelay INT32 PacketSize INT32 HeartbeatTimeout INT32 MaximumPacketResend INT32 InterPacketTimeout INT32 ImageTimeout INT32 User Options Feature Type Power upConfig ENUM SaveCameraConfigurationSelector ENUM SaveCameraConfiguration BOOL LoadCameraConfigurationSelector ENUM LoadCameraConfiguration BOOL ...

Page 84: ...ged is sent Other feature properties might have changed too Function Disabled The event Feature Info Changed is sent Other feature properties might have changed too Forced Value The event Feature Value Changed is sent if the forced value is different from the previous value Set Max Value The event Feature Info Changed is sent if the new value is different than the previous value gray box User Acti...

Page 85: ...ammable Pulse Controlled Exposure Mode Programmable Exposure Time Exposure Time TRUE Trigger Enable Trigger Source Exposure Time Software Trigger Frame Per Trigger Exposure Alignment Reset Trigger Enable FALSE Trigger Source Frame Rate Trigger Delay to Integration Exposure Alignment Synchronous Exposure Mode Programmable Exposure Time Exposure Time Software Trigger FALSE Trigger Enable Frame Per T...

Page 86: ...se Duration Output X Polarity Open Close Strobe On Start of Exposure Pulse On Valid Trigger Pulse On End of Exposure Pulse On Invalid Trigger Pulse On Start of Readout Pulse On End of Readout Pulse On End of Acquisition Pixel Format Pixel Format SaperaBufferFormat PixelSize LUTEnable Raw Bayer RGB SaperaBufferFormat PixelSize UYVY LUTEnable YUY2 Frame Rate Exposure Time Image Flip Image Flip ...

Page 87: ...Manual Packet Size Heartbeat Timeout Inter Packet Delay Max Packet Resend Max Packet Resend Optimize IP Configuration Mode DHCP LLA Persistent IP IP Address IP Address Inter Packet Timeout Image Timeout Inter Packet Timeout Image Timeout ROI Management Frame Rate Buffer Height Buffer Top Buffer Top Buffer Height Exposure Time Buffer Width Buffer Left Buffer Left Buffer Width ...

Page 88: ...ound n return FALSE for int serverIndex 0 serverIndex serverCount serverIndex if SapManager GetResourceCount serverIndex SapManager ResourceAcqDevice 0 SapManager GetServerName serverIndex serverName sizeof serverName printf Server Name s n serverName pAcqDevice new SapAcqDevice serverName FALSE if pAcqDevice Create printf Error during SapAcqDevice creation n return FALSE break if pAcqDevice print...

Page 89: ... new SapBuffer 1 userBufferSize 1 CORBUFFER_VAL_FORMAT_MONO8 if Buffers Create printf Error during Buffers creation n return FALSE Read a buffer to the caemra user buffer if pAcqDevice GetFeatureValue UserBuffer Buffers printf Error in GetFeatureValue UserBuffer n return FALSE Write a buffer to the caemra user buffer if pAcqDevice SetFeatureValue UserBuffer Buffers printf Error in SetFeatureValue ...

Page 90: ...88 Operational Reference Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera ...

Page 91: ...ts assigned by the DHCP server Windows will turn to LLA when no DHCP server answers requests coming from the NIC Windows XP takes about 1 minute to obtain an LLA IP address Windows Vista 7 will take about 6 seconds With Windows XP with no DHCP server involved the network adapter icon in the system tray in Windows XP typically shows limited or no connectivity This is normal see Microsoft KB article...

Page 92: ...dditional subnet Under Windows a NIC is configured in DHCP mode by default If no DHCP server is present on a given subnet Windows will revert to LLA as explained in the section above Ensure that a different subnet is assigned to each NIC on the network This will automatically be managed correctly when the DALSA DHCP server is enabled on one or all subnets used for GigE Vision devices The graphic b...

Page 93: ...camera MAC address must be known to use this function For GigE Vision applications the FORCEIP command is used to force a new persistent IP or to change the IP configuration protocol The Genie MAC address must be known to use the FORCEIP command The following illustration shows a functional computer setup with three NIC ports but no DHCP server Two NIC ports are used for private GigE Vision networ...

Page 94: ...92 Network Overview Tools Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera ...

Page 95: ...tion parameter will be shown in a popup Click on the button to open the help file for more descriptive information on CamExpert The central section of CamExpert provides access to the Genie parameters Five tabs group Genie parameters depending on their type as described in the summary below Each Genie configuration parameter is described in detail following the summary Camera Information Displays ...

Page 96: ... CamExpert will only present acquisition parameters applicable to that device Parameters pane Allows viewing or changing all acquisition parameters supported by the acquisition device CamExpert displays parameters only if those parameters are supported by the installed device This avoids confusion by eliminating parameter choices when they do not apply to the hardware in use Display pane Provides ...

Page 97: ...m or line column profile during live acquisition Output pane Displays messages from CamExpert or the device driver CamExpert LUT Controls The Lookup Table dialog allows you to configure the LUT if it is available on the device Genie color cameras support an RGB 8 bit LUT To open this dialog use the Pre Processing Lookup Table Setting menu command Note that you must first enable the Lookup Table ot...

Page 98: ...ion Binary pattern modifies some LUT entries based on a binary pattern Boolean operation modifies all LUT entries using a Boolean operation Gamma correction modifies all LUT entries using Gamma correction function Linear invert modifies all LUT entries using a linear mapping with a negative slope Position shift modifies LUT entries with a zero position offset Bit shift modifies LUT entries with a ...

Page 99: ...ical Specifications Mechanical Specifications The following sections show 3D views and the mechanical dimensions for Genie with C mount or CS mount and also for Genie with right angled lens mounts Additional notes follow the figures Genie 3D View with C mount and CS mount ...

Page 100: ...98 Technical Specifications Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera Genie C mount and CS mount Mechanical Specifications Note Overall length tolerance is 0 35mm ...

Page 101: ...Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera Technical Specifications 99 Genie 3D View with Right angle C mount and CS mount ...

Page 102: ...100 Technical Specifications Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera Genie Right angle C mount and CS mount Mechanical Specifications Note Overall length tolerance is 0 35mm ...

Page 103: ...ions Overall length tolerance is 0 35mm Overall height or width tolerance is 0 15mm Sensor Alignment Specification The following figure specifies sensor alignment for Genie where all specifications define the absolute maximum tolerance allowed for production cameras Dimensions x y z are in microns and referenced to the Genie mechanical body or the optical focal plane for the z axis dimension Theta...

Page 104: ...the pinout identification when looking at the Genie camera 12 pin male Hirose connector The table below the figure lists the Genie I O signal specifications 12 Pin Hirose Connector Pinout Pin Direction Genie Signal see details below Notes 1 Power GND 2 12V DC power supply see Camera Performance Specifications 3 Out Output 1 4 Out Output 1 5 In Input 1 RS422 or TTL GND 6 In Input 1 RS422 or TTL 7 O...

Page 105: ...nal current limiting see figure below Used as trigger or integration control External signal polarity selected via configuration parameter User programmable debounce time from 1 to 255µs See Input Controls via Sapera LT or GigE Vision Compliant Applications on page 52 The opto coupler is typically a Fairchild HMHA281 with the following characteristics Input Electrical Parameter Description Value V...

Page 106: ...5179B Trigger Debounce IN 3 3V Genie 24 Volt External Signal Example 4 7K Fairchild HMHA281R 01µf 680 IN IN Hirose 12 connector 680 1 2W Event Signal External Outputs Programmable output mode such as strobe event notification etc see Output Control via Sapera LT or GigE Vision Compliant Applications on page 58 Genie NEC PS2805 1 680 5V 10K 75 Example 74LS14 Output Signal Hirose 12 connector Output...

Page 107: ...ows Network Connection Network Activity Green 100Mbps Off no network activity Orange 1000Mbps Yellow typically blinking active Network Connection Network Activity The Genie LAN connector is a standard Ethernet socket Use CAT5e or CAT6 certified Ethernet cables CAT5e cable is rated for 100 MHz spectral bandwidth but CAT6 cable is rated for a 200 MHz spectral bandwidth with less signal attenuation t...

Page 108: ...s of light required to capture useful images depend on the particular application Factors include the nature speed and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged exposure times light source characteristics environmental and acquisition system specifics and more The DALSA Web site http mv dalsa com provides an introduction to this potentially complicated issue Click on Knowledge Center and th...

Page 109: ...note characteristics of the image side of the lens That is h is the object height and h is the image height The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus The effective focal length f is the distance from the second principal point to the second focal point The back focal length BFL is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the ...

Page 110: ...llowed by brief information on other lens parameters to consider Lens Mount As shown in Mechanical Specifications on page 97 Genie comes in C mount and the CS mount The CS mount is a standard with a shorter flange focal length for space sensitive applications The C mount Back Focal Distance is 17 52 mm while CS mount Back Focal Distance is 12 52 mm The lens selected must be for the Genie mount use...

Page 111: ...Genie mount C or CS mount See Camera Performance Specifications Back Focal Distance Field of View A lens is designed to image objects at some limited distance range at some positive or negative magnification This defines the field of view F Number aperture The lens aperture defines the amount of light that can pass Lenses may have fixed or variable apertures Additionally the lens aperture affects ...

Page 112: ...r 24 hours Protecting Against Dust Oil and Scratches The CCD window is part of the optical path and should be handled like other optical components with extreme care Dust can obscure pixels producing dark patches on the sensor response Dust is most visible when the illumination is collimated The dark patches shift position as the angle of illumination changes Dust is normally not visible when the ...

Page 113: ...densation even when left to dry naturally will deposit more particles on the sensor When compressed air cannot clean the sensor Dalsa recommends using lint free ESD safe cloth wipers that do not contain particles that can scratch the window The Anticon Gold 9 x 9 wiper made by Milliken is both ESD safe and suitable for class 100 environments Another ESD acceptable wiper is the TX4025 from Texwipe ...

Page 114: ...ie is installed in a high vibration environment All Genie versions support this secure Ethernet cable All cables made in U S A all cables RoHS compliant CAT6 certified tested for near end far end crosstalk and return loss IGE 3M 3meters IGE 10M 10meters IGE 25M 25meters IGE 50M 50meters IGE 100M 100meters For Information contact Components Express Inc CEI 10330 Argonne Woods Drive Suite 100 Woodri...

Page 115: ...ecifications and pass spectrum Contact Midwest Optical Systems directly for technical information and pricing Physical Specifications Outside diameter 25 4mm 32 NS2A thread c mount thread Clear Aperture 19 5mm Thickness 3 0 0 1mm BP550 UV NIR BLOCK VISIBLE PASS 0 00 10 00 20 00 30 00 40 00 50 00 60 00 70 00 80 00 90 00 100 00 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Transmission For Informat...

Page 116: ... sensor surface see text C Mount Filter Illustration Change of Focal Point with inserted C mount filter In this example using the Midwest Optical Systems C mount NIR UV filter the image will be projected about 1 3 of the filter thickness behind the sensor plane In order to compensate for this the fixed focus C mount lens needs to be unscrewed counterclockwise 1 3 of filter thickness or 1000 micron...

Page 117: ...ard Ethernet switches However switches offer a range of functions and performance grades so care must be taken to choose the right switch for a particular application IEEE 802 3x Pause Frame Flow Control Ethernet Switches supporting Full duplex IEEE 802 3x Pause Frame Flow Control must be used in situations where multiple cameras may be triggered simultaneously In such a case the NIC maximum bandw...

Page 118: ...116 Technical Specifications Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera EC FCC Declaration of Conformity ...

Page 119: ...re is some type of IP error The GigE server tray icon when the Genie device is found The Genie has obtained an IP address and there are no network issues Optimization may still be required to maximize performance Problem Type Summary Genie problems are either installation types where the Genie is not found on the network or setup errors where the Genie device is found but not controllable Addition...

Page 120: ...enie package again Device Available but with Operational Issues A properly installed Genie with no network issues may still not perform optimally Operational issues concerning cabling Ethernet switches multiple cameras and camera exposure are discussed in the following sections Always Important Why should Genie firmware be updated See Firmware Updates on page 120 Power Failure During a Firmware Up...

Page 121: ...acquire a DHCP address Registry writes fail Messages in the Sapera Log Viewer include check your firewall and the computer firewall is disabled for no reason After installing Windows XP Service Pack 2 or 3 the Windows Firewall service will not start Symptoms may include the following messages When you click Windows Firewall in Control Panel you may receive the following error message Windows Firew...

Page 122: ...ion device status will show the Genie name field as Firmware required Important New Genie cameras installed in previously deployed systems are fully backward compatible with the older vision application New Genie cameras must not be programmed with older firmware Power Failure During a Firmware Update Now What Don t panic There is far greater chance that the host computer OS is damaged during a po...

Page 123: ...d length of 100m for gigabit Ethernet different NIC hardware and EMI conditions can affect the quality of transmission Minimum recommended Ethernet cable length is 3 feet 1 meter Use the Log Viewer tool see point below to check on packet resend conditions Run the Sapera Log Viewer Start Programs DALSA Sapera LT Tools Log Viewer Start the Genie acquisition program such as CamExpert There should not...

Page 124: ...bright light source Check that the programmed exposure duration is not too short or set it to maximum See Exposure Controls on page 44 Using CamExpert set the Genie to output its Internal Pattern Generator This step is typically done for any camera installation to quickly verify the Genie and its software package See Internal Image Test Patterns on page 67 for information on using CamExpert to sel...

Page 125: ...rt Joncas Suite 142 St Laurent Quebec Canada H4M 2Z2 Tel 514 333 1301 Fax 514 333 1388 DALSA Billerica office 700 Technology Park Drive Billerica Ma 01821 Tel 978 670 2000 Fax 978 670 2010 Asia Sales European Sales DALSA Asia Pacific Ikebukuro East 13F 3 4 3 Higashi Ikebukuro Toshima ku Tokyo Japan Tel 81 3 5960 6353 Fax 81 3 5960 6354 DALSA Europe Breslauer Str 34 D 82194 Gröbenzell Munich German...

Page 126: ...sa com mv download Before contacting Technical support the following three status files should be generated and included with the request for support The host computer network status file refer to the DALSA Network Imaging Package user s manual for information on generating this file From the computer folder installation drive DALSA Genie bin there is a report txt file automatically generated on f...

Page 127: ... managed networks Driver Also called a device driver a program routine that links a peripheral device to the operating system a device driver is required for its frame grabber capabilities DSNU Dark Signal Non Uniformity equivalent to FPN Ethernet Switch A network device performing bridging at full wire speed based on MAC addresses Packet collisions are eliminated when using a full duplex switch A...

Page 128: ... a protocol providing a scheme for devices to automatically assign themselves an IP address and check for IP conflict Used in unmanaged networks NIC Network Interface Card Controller For the Genie products the NIC must be a Gigabit Ethernet interface to provide sufficient bandwidth Pixel A contraction of picture element The number of pixels describes the number of digital samples taken of the anal...

Page 129: ...ism that initiates an action when an event occurs such as synchronizing an image acquisition to an external event A trigger generally causes a program routine to be executed such as the resetting of camera exposure and or the firing of a strobe light UDP User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless transport protocol providing no guaranty of delivery or reliability GigE Vision Control Protocol and G...

Page 130: ...128 Glossary of Terms Genie Color Series GigE Vision Camera ...

Page 131: ... 104 events 69 exposure duration 44 exposure period 123 Exposure time granularity 48 external trigger 123 F fast frame rate 39 fastest frame rates 44 feature availability 82 feature interdependence 82 feature type 73 fiber optic light sources 106 firewall exceptions 20 firmware update 20 27 flat field correction 60 flat field correction preparations 61 flow control protocol 116 focal point 108 fra...

Page 132: ...work status 23 105 O object distance 108 operational status 24 106 optimize network 70 opto coupled inputs 51 opto coupled outputs 53 opto coupler 105 output static state 53 Over voltage 103 P packet resend conditions 123 packet resends 71 packet size 71 Pause Frame Flow Control 116 PDF 7 persistent IP 26 Persistent IP 25 power failure during update 122 procedures for handling 111 protection circu...

Page 133: ...rator 67 test patterns 28 third party filter driver 120 threshold processes 59 Transfer events 69 U unmanaged networks 89 User Name 29 user defined name 29 V vertical and horizontal cropping 41 vertical cropping 39 visible light 10 W workstation 21 X XML device file 18 ...

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