CTC Union IP DSLAM for ADSL IPDSLAM-A8/A16 User Manual Download Page 120

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ADSL IP DSLAM

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5.3 IP DSLAM rescue procedure while system crashed

If you suffer the system crash while operating your G.SHDSL IP DSLAM,

please follow the following steps to rescue your system. Please note that only
IP DSLAM s/w version 3.0 or above is supported.

Step 1: Setup the DHCP server on PC and copy the software image in the

same directory, rename as “ipam”.

Step 2: Open console of IP-DSLAM.

Summary of Contents for IP DSLAM for ADSL IPDSLAM-A8/A16

Page 1: ...USER MANUAL IP DSLAM for ADSL IPDSLAM A8 A16 ...

Page 2: ...SLAM 13 2 3 Hardware Installation 14 Safety Instruction 14 ADSL IP DSLAM Rear Panel Connection 15 ADSL IP DSLAM Front Panel Connection 16 2 4 Ways of Management Connection 17 Embedded Web Interface EmWeb 17 Command Line Interface CLI 17 Telnet Client 18 3 System Administration with EmWeb 19 3 1 Log In with Embedded Web Interface 19 3 2 Embedded Web Interface Menu 20 3 3 Default Factory Configurati...

Page 3: ...SNMP 40 Configuring Management IP Management IP 41 3 11 Performance Monitor 42 ADSL Physical Layer PM Physical Layer Info 42 ADSL Channel Layer PM Channel Layer Info 43 ADSL Physical Layer PM within Current 15 Minutes and a Day Duration Current Phy Layer PM 44 ADSL Channel Layer PM within Current 15 Minutes and a Day Duration Current Channel Layer PM 46 ADSL Physical Layer PM within Previous 15 Mi...

Page 4: ...nt Status and Information of ADSL Line 80 PVC Configuration 81 Subscriber Configuration 85 Routing Table configuration 87 4 7 Management Configuration 89 Configuring SNMP Access Parameters 89 Configuring Trap IP 90 Configuring Management IP 91 Displaying Management IP 91 Deleting Management IP 92 4 8 IGMP configuration 93 Displaying IGMP Status 93 Displaying IGMP Group 94 Configuring IGMP 94 4 9 P...

Page 5: ...er Account 106 4 13 Deleting User Account 107 5 Configuration Backup and Restore 108 5 1 Configuration Restore 109 5 2 ADSL IP DSLAM upgrade procedure 111 5 3 IP DSLAM rescue procedure while system crashed 112 6 Troubleshooting 116 Problems with Starting up ADSL IP DSLAM 117 Problems with Configuration 117 Problems with SNMP 118 Problems with Telnet 118 Problems with Password 118 Appendix A Pin As...

Page 6: ...0 2 PPPoE application in ADSL IP DSLAM with Ethernet All The Way Network4 Figure 1 1 ADSL IP DSLAM Front View 6 Figure 1 2 ADSL IP DSLAM Rear View 7 Figure 1 3 ADSL IP DSLAM LED Identification 7 Figure 2 1 ADSL IP DSLAM Rear Panel Connection 15 Figure 2 2 ADSL IP DSLAM Front Panel Connections 16 ...

Page 7: ...ld Definition 67 Table 4 9 Time Field Definition 68 Table 4 10 show lineprof Field Definition 76 Table 4 11 show alarmprof Field Definition 77 Table 4 12 show port Field Definition 80 Table 4 13 show adslline Field Definition 81 Table 4 14 Ways of PVC configuration either with VLAN tag or without VLAN tag 82 Table 4 15 show connection Field Definition 84 Table 4 16 show vid Field Definition 85 Tab...

Page 8: ...Introduction viii Table A 4 Uplink and downlink port Xn pin assignment II Table A 5 8 ports ADSL LINE Connector pin assignment II Table A 6 8 ports POTS splitter PHONE Connector pin assignment II ...

Page 9: ...alling and using the CLI interface to configure and administrate the ADSL IP DSLAM System The manual is organized as follows Chapter Title Description 1 Introduction Provides an overview of ADSL IP DSLAM System including features fucntions applications of the ADSL IP DSLAM 2 Getting Started Presents platform and system requirements as well as procedures and instructions for installing the ADSL IP ...

Page 10: ...ngs of ADSL IP DSLAM 9 Glossary Defines the key terms and acronyms mentioned in this maunal Document Conventions Screen displays use these conventions Login with Administrator privilege Login with operator privilege Login with guest privilege Commands descriptions use these conventions Elements in square brackets are optional Essential values x y z Alternative keywords are grouped in and separated...

Page 11: ...mation is encapsulated by ADSL CPE into ATM cells in pre defined VC Virtual Channel PVC and then upstream the ATM cells to DSLAM via ADSL link In this example the user information PPPoE encapsulated is encapsulated by ATU R using RFC 1483 Bridge mode encapsulation format All the ATM cells belong to the specified VC is concentrated by the DSLAM and switched in the ATM network clouds to the defined ...

Page 12: ...Ethernet VLAN packets if VLAN mode of the specified ADSL port is enabled ADSL IP DSLAM concentrates all Ethernet with without VLAN tag packets from 16 ports ADSL and uplinks to ISP s Ethernet All The Way network The PPPoE frames will be resolved at Broadband Access Server BAS and the user application information was serviced The ADSL IP DSLAM supports ADSL CPE Bridge mode RFC 1483 Bridge mode and ...

Page 13: ...es the overview of your ADSL IP DSLAM The ADSL IP DSLAM is cost effective solution for you to complete immediate implementation of multiple of services in private and public networks ADSL IP DSLAM Application ADSL IP DSLAM can be applied in MTU MDU MHU and Ethernet all the way application ADSL IP DSLAM Features This section describes the features of ADSL IP DSLAM and its specification ...

Page 14: ...t independently The ADSL IP DSLAM acts as bridge for the ADSL ports without enabling the VLAN PVC mapping feature ADSL IP DSLAM provides both Ethernet VLAN and non VLAN to ATM PVC mapping feature and bridge mode for the ISP to isolate user s data with security and to provide lots of service enhancement capabilities ADSL IP DSLAM supports 2 ATM PVC links for each ADSL CPE Figure 1 1 ADSL IP DSLAM F...

Page 15: ...M Rear View Fig 1 3 displays the LED identification of ADSL IP DSLAM and Table 1 describes its color definition and status description Figure 1 3 ADSL IP DSLAM LED Identification AC power module 8 port ADSL module with built in splitter Fan ...

Page 16: ...cted Act Green Blink when information is transmitted through uplink Ethernet interface ID 0 ID 1 ID 2 Green ID0 ID1 ID2 off off off when power on ADSL1 ADSL16 Green Blinking Orange No light Red Lit Solid Green when ADSL link is in active state Lit Blinking Orange when the specified ADSL link is in connection training state LED off when ADSL link is not in service Lit Solid Red when loss of signal ...

Page 17: ...twork modules Each network module provides eight ADSL ports with built in POTS splitters so that it provides broadband data service over existing copper wires without affecting the conventional voice service ADSL IP DSLAM therefore is a perfect solution for both central office co location and MTU MHU markets ...

Page 18: ...ce The ADSL IP DSLAM occupies 1 5 U of standard Telco rack space Its compactness is perfect for collocation and basement installation With the built in POTS splitters service providers even no need to allocate extra space for POTS splitter shelves Standalone System Design For the area of less than 16 subscribers network designer can use ADSL IP DSLAM to provide service directly ...

Page 19: ...ADSL IP DSLAM 11 1 5 ADSL IP DSLAM Specifications ...

Page 20: ... can start up quickly It includes the following sections Unpacking your ADSL IP DSLAM This section describes how to unpacking your ADSL IP DSLAM and part number explanation Hardware Installation This section describes the power connection loop connection and CID connection Ways of management connection This section describes how to engage in management connection by EmWeb CLI and Telnet ...

Page 21: ...e 4 Power cord AC power module only 5 RS 232 cable to facilitate the connection between CID and PC 6 CD including user manaul and Quick Start Guide 7 A copy of Quick Start Guide 8 Accessory package Any other accessories requested at time of ordering Check the contents of the package and inspect the unit for any signs of damage Report any defects to vendor s customer service representative Retain a...

Page 22: ...the supply circuits and supply wiring should not become hazardous 4 The AC adapter must plug in to the right supply voltage Make sure that the supplied AC voltage is correct and stable If the input AC voltage is over 10 lower than the standard may cause the ADSL IP DSLAM to malfunction 5 Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord of the AC adapter and do not locate the product where anyone ca...

Page 23: ...rt a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak ADSL IP DSLAM Rear Panel Connection The following figure shows the rear panel connection of ADSL IP DSLAM Figure 2 1 ADSL IP DSLAM Rear Panel Connection Step 1 Ground the ADSL IP DSLAM by connecting a grounded wire Step 2 Connect the ADSL line connector a 50 pin centronic connector of ADSL IP DSLAM to CPE by using telco cable Each line connector supports 8...

Page 24: ...onnect the CID port to the console terminal by using the RS 232 cable Null modem cable in order to Administer your ADSL IP DSLAM through CLI Figure 2 2 ADSL IP DSLAM Front Panel Connections Note Please refer to Appendix A pin assignment of telco cable RJ 45 and RS 232 cable Uplink Console Console Terminal For Manufacture Maintenance Only ...

Page 25: ... Log in as usual User account Admin Password Admin To access any menu item on EmWeb simply click on the item you want The corresponding work screen will then appear on the right side frame By pressing the Apply button will allow you to achieve your configuration whereas pressing Cancel button will clear all your changes without applying them In some menus there will be Modify item will allow you t...

Page 26: ...d in to the management interface successfully Telnet Client ADSL IP DSLAM supports only one Telnet client that you can use to connect with Telnet provides a simple terminal emulation that allows you to see and interact with the CLI of ADSL IP DSLAM As with any remote connection the network interface IP address for the ADSL IP DSLAM must be established Note as to the default setting of ADSL IP DSLA...

Page 27: ...o log into Embedded Web Interface Open a web browser with the default IP address http 192 168 100 111 The log in screen appears as follows 1 Enter your user name If it is an initial installation enter Admin for user name 2 Enter your password If it is an initial installation enter Admin for password Note For safety concern it is recommended to change the password For changing the password go to th...

Page 28: ...d of your ADSL IP DSLAM It also provides you with the information of software version hardware version See page 24 Save to Flash Allow you to save your configuration in Flash See page 25 Current Event Allow you to view the alarm and event status of your ADSL IP DSLAM See page 26 System Set Port Filter Allow you configure the port filtering function See page 28 System IP Location Allow you to confi...

Page 29: ...n and delete function See page 36 List of Subscriber Allow you to view the existing information of subscribers and modify them See page 38 Routing Table allow you to configure the routing table See page 39 Management SNMP Allow you to configure SNMP access parameters and trap IPs See page 41 Management IP Allow you to configure the management IPs so that only with those configured management IPs c...

Page 30: ...sical layer performance during previous 1 day interval See page 48 15 MIN Channel Layer PM Allow you to view the channel layer performance during previous 15 minutes interval See page 49 1 DAY Channel Layer PM Allow you to view the channel layer performance during previous 1 day interval See page 50 Miscellanea IGMP Snooping Config Allow you to configure the IGMP Snooping See page 51 IGMP Snooping...

Page 31: ...all ports VLAN tag disable DSL profile named DEFAULT 1 tx mode adaptAtStartup 2 Line type Interleaved 3 Target SNR margin 6 dB 4 mim tx rate 32 Kbps 5 max tx rate at ATU C 8064 Kbps 6 max tx rate at ATU R 1024 Kbps 7 interleave delay 16 milliseconds Alarm profile named DEFAULT ATU C side Thresh15MinLofs 0 sec Thresh15MinLoss 0 sec Thresh15MinLols 0 sec Thresh15MinLprs 0 sec Thresh15MinEss 0 sec in...

Page 32: ...ation from the ADSL IP DSLAM Main Menu The System Information screen appears as follows Table 3 1 Sysinfo field definition Field Definition Current time Current system time System Up time System up time System Up Period System Up Period Model name Model name of the system Hardware version Hardware version of system Software version Software version of system MAC Address MAC Address of system ...

Page 33: ...r you want to restart your ADSL IP DSLAM with the updated configuration 1 Click on Save to Flash from the ADSL IP DSLAM Main Menu The Save to Flash screen appears as follows 2 Submit the Save button 3 After submitting the Save bottom a warning message from Web Server will pop up immediately as the following screen shown Note don t cut off power while system is saving your configuration ...

Page 34: ...ally up to 960 items 3 Click on DELETE ALL button in order to delete all events The following event log description would help you to know the content of event logs in the Current Event screen Table 3 2 Event log description Module Severity Description Note Inform port up Major port down Inform transmit rate has changed Major loss of framing Major loss of signal Major loss of power Minor loss of s...

Page 35: ...ctivation sequence detected from paired endpoint Minor los Minor lof Minor lpr Threshold violation Minor es Minor lol Inform system up Inform user xxx login Inform user xxx logout Inform no defect Major hardware failure Inform up link connected System related Inform up link disconnected Inform unit plugged Inform unit unplugged Inform no defect Unit related Major hardware failure Inform port Admin...

Page 36: ...et Port Filter from the System Menu The Set Port Filter screen appears as follows 2 Click on Enabled button to allow each ADSL port to communicate back and forth with the uplink Ethernet port only By selecting Disabled button you allow all ADSL ports to communicate with each other and also with the uplink Ethernet port 3 Press Apply button in order to submit your configuration Note Make sure to sa...

Page 37: ...55 255 255 0 4 Configure the gateway with reference to IP address say 192 168 0 1 5 Configure the system name you want to set say ADSL IP DSLAM 6 Configure the location of your ADSL IP DSLAM 7 Configure the contact information for servicing ADSL IP DSLAM 8 Click on the Apply button to submit your changes or click on the Cancel button if you want to clear all the values you have configured Note If ...

Page 38: ...ing your Password Changing Password Allow you to change your password 1 Click on Changing Password from the System Menu The Changing Password screen appears with your user name and your password can be changed as follows 2 Enter your old password 3 Enter your new password that you want to change 4 Enter your new password again to confirm 5 Click on the Apply button to submit your changes or click ...

Page 39: ...efinitions 2 Configure the name of line profile say service512K64K 3 Configure the line profile on CO side Down Stream For example 4 Configure the line type transmit rate adaptation target SNR margin minimum transmit rate maximum transmit rate and interleave delay as Field Definition Line Type The ADSL line type Fast or Interleaved Transmit Rate Adaption Defines what form of transmitting rate to b...

Page 40: ...e of CO side and RT side may not be the same 2 Line profile can be created maximum up to 10 profiles Creating a Alarm Profile Create Alarm Profile This section describes how to create an ADSL alarm profile 1 Click on Create Alarm Profile of DSL Profile configuration Menu The Create Alarm Profile screen appears as follows Table 3 4 Create Alarm Profile Field Definitions Field Definition Loss of fra...

Page 41: ...and Enable initial failure trap 5 Configure the alarm profile on RT side Up Stream For example Configure the Lofs Loss Lprs and Ess as 30sec 2sec 2sec and 5sec 6 Click on the Apply button to submit your changes or click on the Cancel button if you want to clear all the values you have configured Note The alarm profile can be created maximum up to 10 profiles Displaying and Modifying a Line Profile...

Page 42: ... to view modify or delete existing ADSL alarm profiles 1 Click on Current Alarm Profile of the DSL Profile configuration Menu The Current Alarm Profile screen appears as follows 2 Click on Modify button to modify the specified profile 3 Click on Delete button to delete the specified profile ...

Page 43: ... the configuration of enabling or disabling a port and attaching the specific line profile and alarm profile to a port The procedures are as follows 1 Click on DSL Port Configuration of the Port configuration Menu For first time configuration the DSL Port Configuration screen appears with the default setting as follows 2 Click on Modify button to configure the specific port says port 1 The screen ...

Page 44: ...follows 1 Click on PVC Configuration of the Port configuration Menu For the first time configuration the PVC Configuration screen appears with the default setting as follows Table 3 5 PVC Configuration Field Definitions Field Definition Port No The threshold of the number of Loss of Signal Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collection period VPI Virtual Path Identifier VCI Virtual Channel ...

Page 45: ...gure the Administration status of PVC Up or Down says Up 6 Configure the RFX1483 Mode Here in example Bridge is configured 7 Configure the Tag says 7 8 Configure the priority of PVC says 7 The priority of 0 to 7 is from the lowest to the highest 9 Click on the Apply button to submit your changes or click on the Cancel button If you want to clear all the values you have configured ...

Page 46: ...f Subscriber screen appears with the default setting as follows 2 Click on Modify button to configure the specific port says port1 The screen will appear as follows 3 Configure the subscriber name as you want says Pantagon 4 Configure the telephone number of subscriber says 42361258 5 Write Note for your reference if you need 6 Click on the Apply button to submit your changes or click on the Cance...

Page 47: ...on List of Subscriber of the Port configuration Menu The Routing Table screen appears with the default setting as follows 2 Configure the Port No 1 16 Name Destinations and Subnet mask separately and then click on the Apply button 3 The newly added routing node will be listed in the routing table If to delete one routing node click on the Delete Note only can the routing table be configurable when...

Page 48: ... parameters and trap IPs The procedures are as follows 1 Click on SNMP of the Management Menu For the first time configuration the SNMP screen appears with the default setting of the community string public as follows 2 Configure the VID VLAN ID of the system from 2 to 4094 3 Configure the trap IP Addresses as you want Here in example we create 3 IPs The trap IP can be created maximum up to 5 4 Cl...

Page 49: ...LAM remotely The procedures are as follows 1 Click on Management IP of the Management Menu The Management IP screen appears as follows 2 Configure the management group as you want The management IP group can be created maximum up to 5 groups 3 Click on the Update button to submit your changes or click on the Cancel button if you want to clear all the values you have configured ...

Page 50: ... as follows 1 Click on Physical Layer Info of DSL Port Performance Menu The Physical Layer Info screen appears as follows Note In this example only port 1 is connected with CPE and that is why only No defect value is displayed in the unit 1 port 1 row Table 3 6 Physical Layer Info Field Definitions Field Definition SNR margin Noise margin value dB Attenuation Difference in the total power transmit...

Page 51: ...performance information on channel layer by specifying the definite unit The procedures are as follows 1 Click on Channel Layer Info of DSL Port Performance Menu The Channel Layer Info screen appears as follows Table 3 7 Channel Layer Information Field Definitions Field Definition Interleave delay Interleave delay for this channel milli seconds Previous TX rate previous actual transmit rate on thi...

Page 52: ... number of lol failures since reset Lprs number of lpr failures since reset Ess number of error seconds since reset Inits number of initialization attempts since reset it includes both successful and failed attempts Current 15 min time elapsed number of seconds that have elapsed within the current 15 minutes a full interval is 900 seconds Current 15 min lofs number of seconds in the current 15 min...

Page 53: ...he beginning of the current 1 day interval Current 1 day lofs number of seconds in the current 1 day interval during which lof was detected Current 1 day loss number of seconds in the current 1 day interval during which los was detected Current 1 day lols number of seconds in the current 1 day interval during which lol was detected Current 1 day lprs number of seconds in the current 1 day interval...

Page 54: ...cks number of corrected blocks of data transmitted since the last agent reset Uncorrected blocks number of corrected blocks of data transmitted since the last agent reset Current 15 min time elapsed number of seconds that have elapsed since the start of the current 15 minute interval Current 15 min received blocks number of blocks of data received during the current 15 minute interval Current 15 m...

Page 55: ...f uncorrected blocks of data transmitted during the current day interval ADSL Physical Layer PM within Previous 15 Minutes Duration 15 MIN Phy Layer PM Allow you to view the physical layer performance during previous 15 minutes interval 1 Click on 15 MIN Phy Layer PM of the DSL Port Performance Menu The 15 MIN Phy Layer PM screen appears as follows Table 3 10 15 MIN Phy Layer PM Information Field ...

Page 56: ...er performance during previous 1 day interval 1 Click on 1 DAY Phy Layer PM of the DSL Port Performance Menu The 1 DAY Phy Layer PM screen appears as follows Table 3 11 1 DAY Phy Layer PM Information Field Definition Field Definition CO down stream RT up stream lofs counts of lof since agent reset within previous 1day interval loss counts of los since agent reset within previous 1day interval lols...

Page 57: ...PM screen appears as follows Table 3 12 15 MIN Phy Layer PM Information Field Definition Field Definition CO down stream RT up stream Received blocks the total number of blocks of data received during the previous 15min interval Transmitted blocks the total number of blocks of data transmitted during the previous 15min interval Corrected blocks number of corrected blocks of data transmitted during...

Page 58: ...ble 3 13 1 DAY Phy Layer PM Information Field Definition Field Definition CO down stream RT up stream Received blocks the total number of blocks of data received during the previous 1day interval Transmitted blocks the total number of blocks of data transmitted during the previous 1day interval Corrected blocks number of corrected blocks of data transmitted during the previous 1day interval Uncorr...

Page 59: ...The IGMP Snooping Config screen appears as follows 3 Select the function is disable or enable 4 Select the active query is disable or enable 5 Define the active query interval 125 250 seconds 6 Click on Apply bottom to submit your configuration or Cancel bottom to clear your configuration IGMP Snooping Status IGMP_Snooping Status Allow you to view IGMP Snooping status The procedure is as follows 1...

Page 60: ...ADSL IP DSLAM 52 Table 3 14 IGMP Snooping Table Definition Items Description Group Address IGMP group address Member of group Member included in groups ...

Page 61: ...Enter Misc Menu and click on SNTP Status of SNTP menu The SNTP screen appears as follows 2 To configure the SNTP status enable or disable click on Modify and then the screen appears as follows 3 Select Enable to activate SNTP and then click on Apply bottom to confirm 4 To configure the Time zone click on Modify and then the screen appears as follows ...

Page 62: ...to submit your setting 6 If to add a SNTP NTP Server IP click on add SNTP NTP Server IP and the screen appears as follows 7 Set a new server IP and click on Add button to add the IP into the SNTP NTP server IP list or click on Cancel button to return to System Date and Time screen ...

Page 63: ...ntify the specific function to be acted For example in the case of viewing the information of 16th port of ADSL IP DSLAM you must enter the command show port16 show is the action Identifier Indicate the object of the specific function to be acted For example in the case of viewing the information of 16th port you must enter the command show port 16 port is the identifier Parameter Usually indicate...

Page 64: ...r Description sysinfo Allow users to view or config the whole system information of ADSL IP DSLAM sysip Allow users to view or config IP of system snmp Allow users to view or config VID and community for SNMP time Allow users to view or config the current system date and time sntp Allow users to view add delete or config sntp user The users information of system password Allow users to modify him ...

Page 65: ...ers to view and configure Ethernet rate mode dhcpd Allow users to view and configure DHCP server Table 4 3 Relation between action and identifier action identifier adslchannel adslchintl adslchperf adslline adslphintl adslphperf adslphysical alarmprof connection event lineprof manip port portfilter snmp sysinfo sysip subscriber time trapdest user vid rip igmps sntp show route ethermode dhcpd alarm...

Page 66: ...teMode RateChanRatio TargetSnrMgn MinTxRate MaxTxRate MaxInterleaveDelay Allow you to add ATU C items of line profile lineprof atur RateMode RateChanRatio TargetSnrMgn MinTxRate MaxTxRate MaxInterleaveDelay Allow you to add ATU R items of lineprof add manip IP1 musk Allow you to define the management IP add trapdest IP address Allow you to define trap destination add user Username Administrator op...

Page 67: ... port config portfilter enable disable Port filttering configuration config snmp community SNMP VID Modify the SNMP VID and community config subscriber port no Modify subscriber information for specific port subscriber subscriber name telephone number Note Modify subscriber information by arguments config sysinfo system name location contact console name Modify the information of system by modifyi...

Page 68: ... Port restart none Restart system save none Save configuration to Flash Ram default none Restore the default setting upgrade enable disable Enable disable upgrate function exit none Restore the default setting Calling Commands To recall commands from the history buffer perform one of these tasks Command Task The up arrow key Recall commands in the history buffer beginning with the most recent comm...

Page 69: ...ter Command help History Command History command is used for to trace the command all users have entered Command history Saving the System Describes how to save system configuration you have defined to Flash RAM Command save Note Before you restart the system remember to save the system by entering the command save or the system will restart at the previous settings ...

Page 70: ...6 14 27 15 5 inform port down Table 4 5 show event Field Definition Field Definition No Index of each event Time The time when the event occurs Source The port where the event occurs Severity Priority of event major minor inform Description Description of the event information Deleting the Event of ADSL IP DSLAM Describes how to delete the event of system Command delete event Reset Port Reset Port...

Page 71: ... save or the system will start with the previous settings Resetting all Configurations to Default Setting Describes how to reset all configurations to default Command default Note The system will return to the original default settings Example IPDSLAM default Danger This will affect your whole system Yes or No y n You have restored the default setting to system System Upgrade Describes how to enab...

Page 72: ...and save or the system will start with the previous settings 4 4 Configuring Your ADSL IP DSLAM System Configuration Displaying Hardware and Software Information Describes how to view the hardware and software information of ADSL IP DSLAM Command show sysinfo Example This example shows how to display the hardware and software information of ADSL IP DSLAM The following descriptions are default sett...

Page 73: ...dify the system information of system name location contact and console name Command config sysinfo Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description System name String 32 Name of ADSL IP DSLAM Location String 32 Location of system Contact String 32 Contact person and how to contact Console name String 16 default ADSL IP DSLAM Name of console tittle Empty for default Example T...

Page 74: ... each ADSL port communicate with the uplink Ethernet port only or communicate with each other and so do with the Ethernet port Command config portfilter enable disable Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description Status Enable disable Enable Allow each ADSL port to communicate back and forth with the uplink Ethernet port only Disable Allow all ADSL ports to communicate wi...

Page 75: ...m Submask Submask of system Gateway Gateway IP Modifying System IP Describes how to modify the system IP Command config sysip IP Submask Gateway Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description IP A B C D IP of ADSL IP DSLAM Submask A B C D Submask of ADSL IP DSLAM Gateway A B C D Gateway of ADSL IP DSLAM Example This example shows how to modify the system IP as 192 168 10 10...

Page 76: ... 9 Time Field Definition Field Definition Current Time Current system time System up time System up time System up period System up period Modifying Time Describes how to modify the date and time of system Command config time date time Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description date yyyy mm dd e g 2001 07 13 time hh mm ss 24 hour time format Example This example shows h...

Page 77: ...S Clock Synchronized FALSE SNTP Standard Version Number 4 SNTP Mode s Configured Unicast Local Time Fri 05 Mar 2004 09 40 27 Local Time Zone UTC Universal coordinated Time Time Difference UTC 0 00 Server Stratum 0 Precision 1 second Server Reference ID IPDSLAM Adding a SNTP server address Describe how to add a SNTP server address Command add sntp server IP Example IPDSLAM add sntp server 192 168 1...

Page 78: ... to the Appendix B the SNTP timezone Abbreviation Example config local time zone as NZT New Zealand IPDSLAM config sntp timezone NZT IPDSLAM Changing the Password This section describes how to change own password regardless of user s privilege Command config password Example This example shows how the user changes his own password IPDSLAM config password Enter new password Confirm password Yes or ...

Page 79: ... R 32 1024 The minimum transmitting rate of ATU C side or ATU R side MaxTxRate Integer ATU C 32 8064 ATU R 32 1024 The maximum transmitting rate of ATU C side or ATU R side MaxInterleaveDelay Integer 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 The value of Interleave Delay for this channel Note 1 If you select Line Type as Fast you cannot select the value of MaxInterleaveDelay Please refer to the first example 2 If you sele...

Page 80: ...c 1 1 6 768 768 lineprof atur 1 1 6 128 128 ADSL Line Profile fast content ATU C Rate Mode fixed LineType Fast TargetSnrMargin 6 MinTxRate 768 MaxTxRate 768 ATU R Rate Mode fixed mode RateChanRatio Fast TargetSnrMargin 6 MinTxRate 128 MaxTxRate 128 Yes or No y n Note The configuration of default DSL profile named DEFAULT is as follows ATU C 1 RateMode AdaptAtStartup 2 RateChanRatio Interleaved 3 T...

Page 81: ... The threshold of the number of Loss of Link Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collection period But only ATU C side Thresh15MinLprs Integer 0 900 The threshold of the number of Loss of Power Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collection period Thresh15MinESs Integer 0 900 The threshold of the number of Errored Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collection period InitFailu...

Page 82: ...s 0 4 Thresh15miness 0 Modifying DSL Profile and Alarm Profile Modifying DSL Profile Describes how to modify existing DSL profile but you cannot modify default profile Command config lineprof profile name Argument List the same as Creating DSL Profile See page 71 Example This example shows how to modify the existing DSL line profile named service512K64K IPDSLAM config lineprof service512K64K linep...

Page 83: ...mprof test alarmprof atuc 5 5 5 5 5 enable alarmprof atur 5 5 5 5 5 ADSL Alarm Profile test content ATU C Thresh15MinLofs 5 Thresh15MinLoss 5 Thresh15MinLols 5 Thresh15MinLprs 5 Thresh15MinESs 5 InitFailureTrapEnable enable ATU R Thresh15MinLofs 5 Thresh15MinLoss 5 Thresh15MinLprs 5 Thresh15MinESs 5 Deleting a DSL Profile and Alarm Profile Deleting DSL Profile Describes how to delete a profile but...

Page 84: ...e profile name Argument List Parameter Description all Show all information Line profile name ADSL line profile name Example This example shows how to display default line profile IPDSLAM show lineprof default ATU C 1 RateMode adaptAtStartup 2 LineType Interleaved 3 TargetSnrMargin 6 0 4 MinTxRate 32 5 MaxTxRate 8064 6 MaxInterleaveDelay 16 ATU R 1 Rate Mode adaptAtStartup 2 RateChanRatio Interlea...

Page 85: ...default ATU C 1 Thresh15MinLofs 0 2 Thresh15MinLoss 0 3 Thresh15MinLols 0 4 Thresh15MinLprs 0 5 Thresh15MinEss 0 6 InitFailureTrapenable enable ATU R 1 Thresh15MinLofs 0 2 Thresh15MinLoss 0 3 Thresh15MinLprs 0 4 Thresh15MinEss 0 Table 4 11 show alarmprof Field Definition Items Description Thresh15MinLofs The threshold of the number of Loss of Frame Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collec...

Page 86: ...resh15MinESs The threshold of the number of Errored Seconds within 15 minutes performance data collection period seconds InitFailureTrapenable The status of the Initial Failure Trap enable disable seconds Only ATU C side ...

Page 87: ...ile Describes how to attach a profile to a port Command config adslline port no lineProfile alarmProfile Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description port no 1 16 Indicated ADSL IP DSLAM port no LineProfile String 32 Specifies an ADSL line profile name AlarmProfile String 32 Specifies an ADSL alarm profile name Example This example shows how to attach the profile service ...

Page 88: ... port status IPDSLAM show port all Port ID Admin Status Operating Status Alarm Status Trap 1 up up Normal enable 2 up up Normal enable 16 up up Normal enable Press y for continue n for break and press Enter Table 4 12 show port Field Definition Items Description Port ID The specific ADSL IP DSLAM port no port no Admin Status The desired state of interface up down Operating Status The current opera...

Page 89: ...interleaved LineProfile Assigned ADSL line profile name AlarmProfile Assigned ADSL alarm profile name PVC Configuration Creating PVC Describes how to configure a permanent virtual connection virtual LAN ID connection priority Administration status and VLAN tag on the specific port Command add connection port no vpi vci up down b r VID priority Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and f...

Page 90: ...2 The default setting for PVC is 8 81 and you can modify and delete the default setting 3 The default setting of VLAN ID is without VLAN tag 4 On the same port one PVC or two PVCs can be created On the creation of one PVC the configuration of VLAN ID can either be enabling VLAN tag or disabling VLAN tag On the creation of two PVCs the configuration of VLAN ID can either be enabling both VLAN tags ...

Page 91: ...f This example shows how to modify the previous example of PVC 0 35 AdminStatus up VID 4002 Priority 7 to PVC 0 80 AdminStatus up bridge IPDSLAM config connection 3 0 35 0 80 up b 300 7 Port 8 PVC 0 35 0 80 AdminStatus up rfc1483 b ridge r oute b VID 300 Priority 7 yes or No y n Deleting PVC Describes how to delete virtual connection you set including the default setting Command delete connection ...

Page 92: ...n bridge Table 4 15 show connection Field Definition Items Description Port ID The specific ADSL IP DSLAM port no PVC VPI VCI VID VID Priority The priority of this connection Max 7 Min 0 Admin Status The Admin status of each connection up down OpStatus The operating status of each connection up down 1483 mode The RFC 1483 mode bridge route Sorted by VID Describes how to display existing virtual co...

Page 93: ...ction up down Operating Status The current operational state of each connection up down Subscriber Configuration Displaying the Information of Subscriber Describes how to view the information of subscriber of each port Command show subscriber all port no Argument List Parameter Description all Show all information port no Port ID Example This example describes how to view the subscriber informatio...

Page 94: ...scribes how to modify the information of subscriber by specifying port no Command config subscriber port no Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description port no 1 16 Indicated ADSL IP DSLAM port no Subscriber name String 15 The desired subscriber name Telephone number String 11 The desired telephone number Note String 20 Remarks ...

Page 95: ... route commands including show route add route and delete route allow user to configured if the RFC 1483 mode is configured as Route in the PVC Configuration They will be introduced as follows Displaying all routes Describe how to view all routes in the routing table Command show route Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description Name String 10 Name of the route Example I...

Page 96: ...e dest mask port no Example IPDSLAM add route best 192 168 100 55 255 255 255 255 8 name best dest 192 168 100 55 mask 255 255 255 255 port 8 Yes or No y n Delete a route Describe how to add a roué into the routing table Command add route name Example IPDSLAM delete route best name best Yes or No y n ...

Page 97: ...NMP VID Community SNMP Community Modifying SNMP Describes how to modify the SNMP Command config snmp community VID Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description Community String 32 SNMP Community VID 2 4094 VID for SNMP Note The community string is case sensitive Example This example shows how to modify SNMP with community string public and no VID IPDSLAM config snmp publi...

Page 98: ... Example This section describes how to create the trap IP as 210 61 88 2 IPDSLAM add trapdest 210 61 88 2 Yes or No y n Displaying SNMP Trap Describes how to display the IP of destination that SNMP trap reached Command show trapdest Example This example shows how to display the IP of destination that SNMP trap reached IPDSLAM show trapdest Trap destination IP as follows 192 168 100 12 192 168 100 ...

Page 99: ...oup mask Note 1 The management IP can be created up to 5 group of IPs at most no matter you set the group mask or not 2 No management IP is configured in default setting i e any IP can access to your ADSL IP DSLAM Example This example shows how to create a group management IP and let all IPs within the range of IP address and mask able to access to your ADSL IP DSLAM IPDSLAM add manip 192 168 100 ...

Page 100: ...efinition IP Address Mask Deleting Management IP Describes how to delete the management IP Command delete manip IP address Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description IP address A1 A2 A3 A4 IP address Example This example shows how to delete management IP group of 192 168 0 1 IPDSLAM delete manip 192 168 0 1 Yes or No y n ...

Page 101: ...e Active Query Enable Disable Active Query Interval 125 250 seconds Example IPDSLAM show igmps status IGMP Snooping Configuration IGMP Snooping Enable Dense Sparse Sparse Active Query Enable Query Interval 125 Seconds IGMP IP Multicast Statistics Received IP multicast Frames 69884 Number of Received IGMP Report 22 Number of Received IGMP Leave 0 Number of IGMP Query Sent 2 ...

Page 102: ...o configure the IGMP configuration Command config igmps Example IPDSLAM show igmps group IGMP Snooping Groups 01 00 5e 01 01 01 Unit 1 1 01 00 5e 01 01 02 Unit 1 1 01 00 5e 01 01 03 Unit 1 1 01 00 5e 01 01 04 Unit 1 1 01 00 5e 01 01 05 Unit 1 1 IPDSLAM IPDSLAM IPDSLAM config igmps Enable IGMPS Y es N o y Enable Query Y es N o y Query Interval 125 250 sec 125 Enable IGMPS Yes Mode Sparse Query Yes ...

Page 103: ...mber C1008 3 InvVersionNumber 1 4 Current SNR margin 10 5 5 Current attenuation 0 6 Current status NO DEFECT 7 Current output power 8 8 Current attainable rate 9677 Table 4 21 show adslphysical Field Definition Field Definition InvSerialNumber The serial number of the product InvVendorID The ID of vendor InvVersionNumber The software version Current SNR margin Noise margin value dB Current attenua...

Page 104: ...slchannel Field Definition Field Definition Interleave Delay Interleave delay for this channel mili seconds Previous Tx Rate Previous actual transmit rate on this channel if ADSL loop retrain Kbps Current Tx Rate Actual transmit rate on this channel Kbps CRC Block Length The length of the channel data block on which the CRC operates Displaying Physical Performance Statistics within Current 15 Minu...

Page 105: ...elapsed Number of seconds that have elapsed within the current 15 minutes A full interval is 900 seconds Current 15 min Lofs Number of seconds in the current 15 minute interval during which Lof was detected Current 15 min Loss Number of seconds in the current 15 minute interval during which Los was detected Current 15 min Lols Number of seconds in the current 15 minute interval during which Lol wa...

Page 106: ... information show specific port c r CO Remote Example This example shows the channel performance of port 8 on remote side during current 15 minutes and 1 day duration IPDSLAM show adslchperf 8 r ATU R 1 In octets 561852545 2 Out octets 521658458 3 In error blocks 2308 4 Out error blocks 1205 5 Received blocks 8562145 6 Transmitted blocks 8562145 7 Corrected blocks 23650 8 Uncorrected blocks 2308 9...

Page 107: ...lasped since the start of the current 15 minute interval Current 15 min received blocks Number of blocks of data received during the current 15 minute interval Current 15 min transmitted blocks Number of blocks of data transmitted during the current 15 minute interval Current 15 min corrected blocks Number of corrected blocks of data transmitted during the current 15 minute interval Current 15 min...

Page 108: ...ance of port 8 on CO side during previous 1 day duration IPDSLAM show adslphintl 8 1 day c Unit 1 Port 8 ATU C side seconds No Lofs Loss Lols Lprs Ess Inits 1 50 38 12 0 267 0 7 Table 4 25 show adslphintl Field Definition Field Definition Lofs Counts of Lof since agent reset within previous 15 min or 1 day interval Loss Counts of Los since agent reset within previous 15 min or 1 day interval Lols ...

Page 109: ...l c r CO Down Stream Remote Up Stream Example This example shows how to display the channel performance of port 8 on CO side during previous 15 minutes duration IPDSLAM show adslchintl 8 15min c Port 8 ATU C side blocks No Received Transmitted Corrected Uncorrected 1 15215 25835 256 28 16 Table 4 26 show adslchintl Field Definition Field Definition Received The total number of blocks of data recei...

Page 110: ...rmode auto Modifying Ethernet Rate Mode Describe how to configure Ethernet rate mode Command config ethermode auto 10f 10h 100f 100h Argument List Parameter Description Auto Select Ethernet rate mode automatically 10f 10 Base Full Duplex 10h 10 Base Half Duplex 100f 100 Base Full Duplex 100h 100 Base Half Duplex Example IPDSLAM config ethermode 10f Ethermode 10 Base Full Duplex ...

Page 111: ...low bootp Allow unknown clients Subnet 192 168 100 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 Range 192 168 100 1 192 168 100 20 IPDSLAM IPDSLAM Table 4 27 show dhcpd Field Definition Field Definition bootp Internet Bootstrap protocol Submask Submask of system Modifying DHCP Server Describe how to modify DHCP sever configuration Command config dhcpd on off Submask IP pool upper bound pool lower bound Default Gateway...

Page 112: ...nistrator operator guest User privilege password String 8 The user s password Note There are three privilege levels Total 5 accounts User Account Characteristics Administrator Those who have the highest privilege to configure the whole System but do not have the privilege to delete the default Admin account Operator Those who can execute all commands except creating a new user account modifying an...

Page 113: ...ADSL IP DSLAM 105 ...

Page 114: ...g 8 The user s password Example This example shows how to modify Bill s privilege of Administrator to operator IPDSLAM config user bill operator New password Confirm password Yes or No y n Note Only Administrator can modify the other s privilege and password Displaying the Information of User Account Describes how to view the information of existing user account Command show user Example This exam...

Page 115: ...count Command delete user user name Argument List Parameter type Parameter data type and field Description User name None User account Example This example shows how to delete the user account guest1 IPDSLAM delete user guest1 Yes or No y n Note You can t delete your own account ...

Page 116: ... provided with a CD in the packing Listed bellows are the control files used in TFTP operation tftplock key The file contains the SNMP write community string password tftputil bat The utility file designed for user to back up and restore easily Note 1 You can follow the following procedures of configuration backup and configuration restore in Windows 2000 and Windows NT system whereas you should h...

Page 117: ... DOS interface Step 5 Enter the command tftputil IP address get sf_user cfg under the directory of configuration file and control files Example c tftputil 192 168 10 2 get sf_user cfg When uploading three LEDs MAINT ALARM and FAULT will blink Unless you finish uploaded do not shut down ADSL IP DSLAM Step 6 Restart the system in terminal emulation interface The system will restart according to your...

Page 118: ...ame subnet Step 3 Enter the command tftputil IP address get sf_user cfg in dos interface Example c tftputil 192 168 10 2 put sf_user cfg When uploading three LEDs MAINT ALARM and FAULT will blink Unless you finish uploaded do not shut down ADSL IP DSLAM Step 4 Restart the system in the hyber terminal interface The system will restart according to your sf_user cfg Example IPDSLAM restart Yes or No ...

Page 119: ...M has been available Step 6 Activate the MS DOS mode and enter the directory that you made for TFTP utility Step 7 Key in the following command to upgrade your ADSL IP DSLAM C TFTP tftputil 192 168 100 111 put adsl C TFTP tftputil 192 168 100 111 put ipam Transfer successful 8 bytes in 1 second 8 byte s Transfer successful 2097152 bytes in 91 seconds 23045 byte s C TFTP tftputil C TFTP tftputil St...

Page 120: ...ash while operating your G SHDSL IP DSLAM please follow the following steps to rescue your system Please note that only IP DSLAM s w version 3 0 or above is supported Step 1 Setup the DHCP server on PC and copy the software image in the same directory rename as ipam Step 2 Open console of IP DSLAM ...

Page 121: ...ADSL IP DSLAM 113 Step 3 Enter command configflash copyimages yes Then reset system Step 4 After system reboot enter tftp to enable TFTP client in IP DSLAM ...

Page 122: ...er then get the software from PC After download process finished type quit to restart system again Step 6 Login system by user name and password Enter save to save software into Flash After save process finished It takes about 30 seconds enter restart to restart system ...

Page 123: ...ADSL IP DSLAM 115 When the following screen appears the whole procedure is completed and your system will work again ...

Page 124: ...ransmission and console port Problems with Configuration This section describes how to solve the problems of your ADSL IP DSLAM doesn t work with configured settings Problems with SNMP This section describes how to solve the problem of getting information from ADSL IP DSLAM to SNMP manager server Problems with Telnet This section describes how to solve the problem of being unable to telnet to your...

Page 125: ...with different port does not work try a different ADSL modem or router with the original port 6 IF the problem still remains unsolved contact for technical support You cannot access the command tftputil IP address get sf_user cfg in windows interface ADSL IP DSLAM via the console port 1 Check if the ADSL IP DSLAM is connected to your computer s serial port 2 Check if the communication program is c...

Page 126: ... one telnet session at a time 2 Ping the ADSL IP DSLAM from your computer If you are able to ping the ADSL IP DSLAM but are still unable to telnet contact the distributor If you cannot ping the ADSL IP DSLAM check the IP address in the ADSL IP DSLAM and your computer Make sure that both IP addresses are located in the same subnet 3 If the above corrective actions don t work contact for technical s...

Page 127: ...P DSLAM CID port pin assignment Pin no Usage 1 2 RD 3 TD 4 DTR 5 GND 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 9 Note Connector type is DB9 male Table A 2 Null modem cable pin assignment for PC to CID port connection DB9 female DB9 female Table A 3 ADSL IP DSLAM uplink port pin assignment Pin no Usage 1 TX 2 TX 3 RX 4 5 6 RX 7 8 Note Connector type is RJ 45 2 3 5 2 3 5 ...

Page 128: ...loop 3 T 28 ADSL loop 3 R 4 ADSL loop 4 T 29 ADSL loop 4 R 5 ADSL loop 5 T 30 ADSL loop 5 R 6 ADSL loop 6 T 31 ADSL loop 6 R 7 ADSL loop 7 T 32 ADSL loop 7 R 8 ADSL loop 8 T 33 ADSL loop 8 R 9 25 34 50 Note Connector type is 50 pin teleco champ female Table A 6 8 ports POTS splitter PHONE Connector pin assignment PIN usage PIN usage 1 PHONE 1 T 26 PHONE 1 R 2 PHONE 2 T 27 PHONE 2 R 3 PHONE 3 T 28 ...

Page 129: ...III 25 50 Note Connector type is 50 pin teleco champ female ...

Page 130: ...dard PDT 0700 US Pacific Daylight MST 0700 US Mountain Standard MDT 0600 US Mountain Daylight CST 0600 US Central Standard CDT 0500 US Central Daylight EST 0500 US Eastern Standard EDT 0400 US Eastern Daylight AST 0400 Atlantic Standard NFST 0330 Newfoundland Standard NFT 0330 Newfoundland BRST 0300 Brazil Standard ADT 0300 Atlantic Daylight NDT 0230 Newfoundland Daylight AT 0200 Azores WAT 0100 W...

Page 131: ...SSR Zone 3 ZP5 0500 USSR Zone 4 INST 0530 Indian Standard ZP6 0600 USSR Zone 5 NST 0630 North Sumatra WAST 0700 West Australian Standard SSMT 0700 South Sumatra USSR Zone 6 JT 0730 Java CCT 0800 China Coast USSR Zone 7 WADT 0800 West Australian Daylight ROK 0900 Korean Standard KST 0900 Korean Standard JST 0900 Japan Standard USSR Zone 8 CAST 0930 Central Australian Standard KDT 1000 Korean Daylig...

Page 132: ...VI IDLE 1200 International Date Line East NZST 1200 New Zealand Standard NZT 1200 New Zealand NZDT 1300 New Zealand Daylight ...

Page 133: ...N tag disable DSL profile named DEFAULT 1 tx mode adaptAtStartup 2 Line type Interleaved 3 Target SNR margin 6 dB 4 mim tx rate 32 Kbps 5 max tx rate at ATU C 8064 Kbps 6 max tx rate at ATU R 1024 Kbps 7 interleave delay 16 milliseconds Alarm profile named DEFAULT ATU C side Thresh15MinLofs 0 sec Thresh15MinLoss 0 sec Thresh15MinLols 0 sec Thresh15MinLprs 0 sec Thresh15MinEss 0 sec initial failure...

Page 134: ...gital subscriber line ADSL is designed to deliver more bandwidth downstream from the central office to the customer site than upstream Downstream rates range from 1 5 to 9 Mbps upstream bandwidth ranges from 16 kbps to 1 Mbps ADSL transmissions work at distances up to 18 000 feet over a single copper wire twisted pair See also DSL Agent Generally software that processes queries and returns replies...

Page 135: ... premises equipment Terminating equipment at the subscriber s side of the local telephone loop CPE is often supplied by the telephone company and is always connected to the telephone company s network Examples of CPE include telephones POTS splitters terminals modems and the Cisco 676 router DSL Digital subscriber line A public network technology that delivers high bandwidth over conventional copp...

Page 136: ...standard known as G SHDSL and is ratified by the ITU G SHDSL builds upon the benefits of HDSL 2 by offering symmetrical rates of 2 3 Mbps IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol is defined in RFC 1112 as the standard for IP multicasting in the Internet It s used to establish host memberships in particular multicast groups on a single network The mechanisms of the protocol allow a host to inform it...

Page 137: ...ding on the signal standards domain in which it s being used Loss Loss of Signals A loss of signal occurs when n consecutive zeros is detected on an incoming signal Lprs Loss of Power failures Lprs is a generic term with various meanings depending on the signal standards domain in which it s being used MDF Main Distribution Frame Hardware component in the CO which provides an interface between out...

Page 138: ...rcuit that is permanently established PVCs save bandwidth associated with circuit establishment and tear down in situations where certain virtual circuits must exist all the time In ATM terminology called a permanent virtual connection Rack mount A structure that houses shelves usually a maximum of four The unit or container that houses the internal modular circuitry The shelf consists of slots th...

Page 139: ...orks SNMP provides a means to monitor and control network devices and to manage configurations statistics collection performance and security SVC Switched Virtual Circuit Virtual circuit that is dynamically established on demand and is torn down when transmission is complete SVCs are used in situations where data transmission is sporadic See also virtual circuit Called a switched virtual connectio...

Page 140: ...XIV the same wire when in fact they are located on a number of different LAN segments Because VLANs are based on logical instead of physical connections they are extremely flexible ...

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